Sediment sample information from USGS cruise A298SC

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Frequently-anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title: Sediment sample information from USGS cruise A298SC
Abstract: No formal abstract is given.
Supplemental_Information: Data included in usSEABED (<http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/usseabed>)
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    U.S. Geological Survey, Unpublished material, Sediment sample information from USGS cruise A298SC.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -118.79770
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -118.44827
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.01437
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.74500

  3. What does it look like?

    Cruise_A298SC (JPG)
    Screen grab of GIS-produced sample distribution, with bathymetry and land for reference.

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 23-Aug-1998
    Ending_Date: 31-Aug-1998
    Currentness_Reference: Publication date

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Paper

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):

      • Point (119)

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Point
    SDTS point (Source: Source data)

    Sample number
    Sample number (Source: US Geological Survey)

    Alpha numeric number based on cruise and core information

    Water depth
    Depth of water at sample site (Source: Source data)

    Range of values
    Minimum:16
    Maximum:180
    Units:Meters
    Resolution:1.0

    Gravel
    Gravel (Source: Wentworth, 1932)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:10.67
    Units:Percent
    Resolution:0.01

    Sand
    Sand (Source: Wentworth 1932)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1.72
    Maximum:98.27
    Units:Percent
    Resolution:0.01

    Silt
    Silt (Source: Wentworth 1932)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1.39
    Maximum:79.31
    Units:Percent
    Resolution:0.01

    Clay
    Clay (Source: Wentworth 1932)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.33
    Maximum:58.64
    Units:Percent
    Resolution:0.01

    Mud
    Mud (Source: Wentworth 1932)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1.73
    Maximum:98.28
    Units:Percent
    Resolution:0.01

    Mean
    First moment measure: mean of grain size (Source: Source data)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.33
    Maximum:8.75
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Sorting
    Second moment measure: standard deviation about the grain size mean (Source: Source data)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.85
    Maximum:3.25
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Skewness
    Third moment measure: skewness of grain size distribution (Source: Source data)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.01
    Maximum:6.45
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Kurtosis
    Fourth moment measure: kurtosis of grain size distribution (Source: Source data)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1.91
    Maximum:58.66
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Median
    Median of grain size distribution (Source: Folk and Ward, 1974)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.25
    Maximum:8.51
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Mean
    Mean of grain size distribution (Source: Folk and Ward, 1974)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.21
    Maximum:8.73
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Sorting
    Standard deviation about the grain size mean (Source: Folk and Ward, 1974)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.38
    Maximum:3.42
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Skewness
    Skewness of grain size distribution (Source: Folk and Ward, 1974)

    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.53
    Maximum:0.85
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Kurtosis
    Kurtosis of grain size distribution (Source: Folk and Ward, 1974)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.65
    Maximum:21.89
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Median
    Median of grain size distribution (Source: Inman, 1952)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.25
    Maximum:8.51
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Mean
    Mean of grain size distribution (Source: Inman, 1952)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.18
    Maximum:8.84
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    Sorting
    Standard deviation about the grain size mean (Source: Inman, 1952)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.22
    Maximum:3.58
    Units:Phi
    Resolution:0.01

    First skewness
    First skewness of grain size distribution (Source: Inman, 1952)

    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.84
    Maximum:0.79
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Second skewness
    Second skewness of grain size distribution (Source: Inman, 1952)

    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.42
    Maximum:10.19
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Kurtosis
    Kurtosis of grain size distribution (Source: Inman, 1952)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.35
    Maximum:11.93
    Units:Unitless
    Resolution:0.01

    Granulometric measures
    Measurement of samples into phi-size bins (Source: Source data)

    Range of values
    Minimum:-1
    Maximum:10.5
    Units:Percent
    Resolution:0.5

    Description
    Description of sample (Source: Source data)

    Verbal description including color

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    Brian Edwards and other members of the Coastal and Marine Geology team at the USGS for collection and analysis of data. For usSEABED, formatting: K. Halimeda Kilbourne (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS) and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado)

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    U.S. Geological Survey
    c/o Brian D. Edwards
    Coastal and Marine Geology
    Menlo Park, CA 94025

    1-650-329-5458 (voice)

Why was the data set created?

No purpose is given.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    No specific information is available for cores from this cruise. General analytical techniques for the USGS Menlo Park Sediment Laboratory: Initial splits into size fractions by wet sieving using A.S.T.M. #10 (2mm) and A.S.T.M. #230 (0.063 mm) sieves. Fraction specific techniques for particle size analysis: for the coarse fraction (> 2.0 mm) is by sieve analysis and the medium fraction (2-0.063 mm) by settling tube. The fine fraction (<0.062 mm) is by pipette (Folk, 1968; Carver, 1971), hydrophotometer (Jordan and others, 1971), laser-diffraction (Beckman Coulter), or Sedigraph (Micromeretics), or combinations thereof. Settling tubes are modifications of those described by Theide, Chriss, Clauson and Swift, 1976 and are calibrated using Gibbs, 1971. Since 1998, the fine fraction (silt and clay), and occasionally up to 1 mm, is usually analyzed by the Beckman Coulter LS100Q (1 mm - 0.4 microns) and the LS230 (2 mm to 40 nanometers). Between 1993 and 1998, the fine fraction (0.063 mm to 1 micron) was generally analyzed by SediGraph (Micromeretics 5100. Between 1976 and 1995, the fine fraction was generally analyzed by hydrophotometer (Jordan and others, 1971). Data reduction, size analysis, and statistics performed by the SDSZ computer program (McHendrie, 1988). Carbon analyses by UIC Coulometrics (Joliet, IL) carbon analyzers, using protocols described in the UIC CM5012 and 5014 Coulometer instruction manuals (systems CM130, CM150, or CM250). Total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) are determined by coulometric titration using Coulometer coupled to an acidification module and furnace apparatus. TC and TIC analyses are conducted separately on sediment samples. TC content is measured by combusting a sample (~20 mg) in a furnace preheated to 1000 degrees C until no more CO2 is evolved (~ five minutes). TIC content is measured using a heated perchloric acid digestion until no more CO2 is evolved (~ five minutes). Total organic carbon (TOC) content in sediments is calculated by difference (TOC = TC - TIC). For a description of USGS CMG lab procedures, see the Lab Analysis Section in: <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/reports/ofr91-375/>

    Person who carried out this activity:

    U.S. Geological Survey
    c/o Michael Torresan
    USGS Coastal and Marine Geology
    Menlo Park, CA 94025

    650-329-5493 (voice)
    mtorresan@usgs.gov

    Data sources used in this process:
    • Carver, R. E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrography: New York, John Wiley and Sons, 653 p.
    • Folk, R. L., 1968, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Austin, University of Texas Publication, 170 p.
    • Gibbs, R.J., 1972, The accuracy of particle-size analyses utilizing settling tubes: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 42, p. 141-145.
    • Gibbs, R.L., Matthews, M.D., and Link, D.A.,1971,The relationship between sphere size and settling velocity Journal of Sedimentary Research; March 1971; v. 41; no. 1; p. 7-18
    • Jordan, F.J., Jr., Fryer, G.E., and Elze, H.H., 1971, Size analysis of silt and clay by hydrophotometer: Jour. Sedimentary Petrology, v. 41, p. 489-496
    • McHendrie, G., 1988, sdsz - A Program for Sediment Size Analysis: U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Pacific Marine Geology, Menlo Park, CA.
    • Micromeretics SediGraph 5100 instruction manual
    • Syvitski, James P., Principles, Methods, and Application of Particle Size Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
    • Thiede, J., Chriss, T., Clauson, M., and Swift, S.A., 1976, Settling tubes for size analysis of fine and coarse fractions of oceanic sediments: School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Reference 76-8, 87 p.
    • UIC Coulometrics, Instruction manuals for carbon analyzer models UIC CM5012 or CM250, Joliet, IL

    Data sources produced in this process:

    • Cruise_A298SC

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    No estimate made for the accuracy of the data in the original report. Data digitized by the USGS and partners were visually compared to the source data, and corrected. Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel. Locations checked using GIS.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Navigation during all cruises was by GPS.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    Water depth determination probably by 3.5 kHz profiling systems. Subsample depths given as nearest centimeter.

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    No estimate made for original data. For inclusion into usSEABED, all textural data in the report were included.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Data fall within normal ranges for the given parameters.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: Information is available online.
Use_Constraints: Cite the U.S. Geological Survey as the originators of the data.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    U.S. Geological Survey
    c/o Brian D. Edwards
    Coastal and Marine Geology
    Menlo Park, CA 94025

    1-650-329-5458 (voice)

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    Sediment data from cruise A298SC is available through Brian Edwards at the USGS in Menlo Park; Locations and descriptive data for cruise A298SC are available through the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Team Infobank website: <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/a/a298sc/html/a-2-98-sc.meta.html>.

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

    None

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 2005
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
c/o Jane A. Reid
Geologist
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz, CA 95060

831-427-4727 (voice)
jareid@usgs.gov

Contact_Instructions: Email preferred
Metadata standard:
CSDGM Version 2 (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

Generated by mp version 2.8.17 on Sat May 20 20:41:09 2006