Publications— Scientific Investigations Report

Data for a Regional Approach to the Development of an Effects-Based Nutrient Criterion for Wadable Streams

U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 257

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Maryland Department of the Environment

By J. Kent Crawford, Connie A. Loper, Joseph R. Beaman, Anna G. Soehl, and Will S. Brown

ONLINE ONLY

Revision History (May 2008)

View the full report in Portable Document Format (PDF) Data Series 257 (1.83 MB)

Download Appendix 1 (Excel file) (47 KB)
Download Appendix 2 (zipped Excel files) (185 KB)
Download Appendix 3 (Excel file) (166 KB)
Download Appendix 4 (Excel file) (192 KB)

Abstract

States are required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish nutrient criteria (concentrations of nutrients above which water quality is deteriorated) as part of their water-quality regulations. A study of wadable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Region was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Maryland Department of the Environment, with assistance from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, to help define current concentrations of nutrients in streams with the goal of associating different nutrient-concentration levels with their effects on water quality. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, diel concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, concentrations of chlorophyll a in attached algae, and algal-community structure were measured at 46 stream sites in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Data from this work can be used by individual state agencies to define nutrient criteria.

Quality-control measures for the study included submitting blank samples, duplicate samples, and reference samples for analysis of nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and algal biomass. Duplicate and split samples were submitted for periphyton identifications. Three periphyton split samples were sent to an independent lab for a check on periphyton identifications.

Neither total organic carbon nor nutrients were detected in blank samples.

Concentrations of nutrients and total organic carbon were similar for most duplicate sample pairs, with the exception of a duplicate pair from Western Run. Concentrations of ammonia plus organic nitrogen for this duplicate pair differed by as much as 34 percent. Total organic carbon for the duplicate pair from Western Run differed by 102 percent.

The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory performance on the only valid reference sample submitted was excellent; the relative percent difference values were no larger than 5 percent for any constituent analyzed.

For periphyton identifications, duplicate samples had Jaccard Coefficient of Community values slightly greater than 0.5. This indicates the periphyton sampling protocol used provided a sample that was only moderately reproducible.

Jaccard Coefficients for three periphyton samples split between two independent labs were 0.2, 0.11, and 0.08. These very low values suggest a poor concurrence on species identifications performed by the two labs. As a result of these quality-control samples, the slides prepared for diatom identifications were sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences for re-identification. Caution is urged when interpreting periphyton-community information from this study.

This report and the raw data from the study are available online at https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ds257.

Abstract
Introduction
     Study Objectives
     Scope
     Report Objectives
Study Method
     Stream-Water Chemistry at the Time of Sampling
     Continuous Water-Chemistry Measurements
     Periphyton Collections
     Periphyton Identifications
     Sampling Locations for this Study
Quality-Assurance and Quality-Control Measures
     Quality-Assurance Measures
     Quality-Control Measures
          Blank Samples
          Duplicate Samples
          Reference Samples for Nutrients
          Duplicate Samples for Periphyton Identifications
          Split Samples for Periphyton Identifications
Summary
Acknowledgments
References Cited
Appendix 1. Data for nutrients, total organic carbon, and periphyton standing-crop samples
Appendix 2. Data for field parameters measured continuously by water-quality sondes
Appendix 3. Densities and biomass for periphyton species identified by Bio-Limno Research and Consulting
Appendix 4. Numbers of diatom species identified by the Academy of Natural Sciences

Suggested citation:
Crawford, J.K., Loper, C.A., Beaman, J.R., Soehl, A.G., and Brown, W.S., 2007, Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 257, 231 p.

If you have Adobe® Acrobat® or Adobe® Acrobat®Reader® installed on your computer, you may view and print the PDF version of this report. Acrobat Reader, is a free download from Adobe Systems Incorporated.