CRLC Nearshore Bathymetry - Topo merge, Long Beach subcell, summer 1998

Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Publication Date: Unpublished Material
Publication Time: Unknown
Title: CRLC Nearshore Bathymetry - Topo merge, Long Beach subcell, summer 1998
Online Linkage: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm

Description:

Abstract:
The sub-aerial, or visible beach comprises only a portion of the active coastal zone. Variability in sub-aqueous morphology can influence the amount of energy from waves that is available to impact the shoreline and cause beach change. It has historically been very difficult and expensive to collect data in this highly dynamic region and only a few coastlines in the world have sufficient nearshore data to quantify this variability. The Coastal Profiling System (CPS), a hydrographic surveying system mounted on a Personal Watercraft (PWC) originally designed by Oregon State University (Beach et al., 1996; Côté, 1999; MacMahan, 2001) to collect data in energetic nearshore environments, is now being used in the Columbia River littoral cell in the Pacific Northwest USA to collect regional nearshore bathymetric data. As often as possible the nearshore bathymetry data are combined with topographic surveys, extending the cross-shore profiles onto the sub-aerial beach and landward to the dune fields. Topographic cross-shore beach profiles are collected by walking with a Real Time Kinematic Differential Global Positioning System (RTK DGPS) reciever and antenna mounted to a backpack or by extracting the profiles from topographic beach surface maps. These surface maps are collected with an RTK DGPS reciever and antenna mounted to a six-wheel drive amphibious all-terrain vehicle called the CLAMMER (CoastaL All-terrain Morphology Monitoring and Erosion Research vehicle).
Purpose:
Nearshore bathymetry data and associated topography data is being collected as a component of the beach morphology monitoring program of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study. The primary goals of the monitoring program are to 1) quantify the short-medium term (event-seasonal-interannual) beach change rates and morphologic variability along the Columbia River littoral cell, 2) collect beach state parameter (grain size, beach slope, dune/sandbar height/position) data to enhance the conceptual understanding of the CRLC functioning and refine predictions of future coastal change, 3) compare and contrast the scales of environmental forcing and beach change with other coastlines of the world, and 4) provide relevant beach change data in an appropriate format to coastal decision-makers.
Supplemental Information:
A description of the methodology used to collect this data is available in the USGS Open File Report: Beach Monitoring in the Columbia River Littoral Cell: 1997 - 2002.

The following is a list of publications cited in this report:

Beach, R.A.; Holman, R.A.; and Stanley, J., 1996. Measuring nearshore bathymetry on high energy beaches.
American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 1996, F286.

Cote, J.M., 1999. The measurement of nearshore bathymetry on Intermediate and dissipative beaches.
Unpublished Masters Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 102 pp.

Daniels, R.C., P. Ruggiero, and L.E. Weber, 1999. Washington coastal geodetic control network: report and
station index, Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Publication
#99-103, 268 p.

MacMahan, J., 2001. Hydrographic surveying from a personal watercraft. Journal of Surveying Engineering,
127(1), 12-24.

Ruggiero, P. and B. Voigt, 2000. Beach monitoring in the Columbia River littoral cell, 1997-2000, Publication No.
00-06-26, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washignton Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA, 112p.

Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998, 4700 Receiver Operation Manual. Version 1.0, Part Number 36238-00,
Revision B.

Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: 8/3/1998
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: 8/7/1998
Ending Time: Unknown

Currentness Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency: None planned

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate: -124.2787
East Bounding Coordinate: -123.6226
North Bounding Coordinate: 47.3214
South Bounding Coordinate: 45.8547

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme Keyword Thesaurus: beach profile
Theme Keyword: cross-shore transect
Theme Keyword: Global Positioning System
Theme Keyword: seasonal variability
Theme Keyword: beach profile
Theme Keyword: sandbars
Theme Keyword: sediment transport
Theme Keyword: beach monitoring
Theme Keyword: beaches
Theme Keyword: beach morphology
Theme Keyword: beach survey
Theme Keyword: hydrographic surveying
Theme Keyword: nearshore bathymetry
Theme Keyword: topographic surveying

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus: CMAP Region
Place Keyword: Astoria
Place Keyword: Clatsop Plains
Place Keyword: Clatsop Spit
Place Keyword: Columbia River Littoral Cell
Place Keyword: Copalis Beach
Place Keyword: Fort Canby
Place Keyword: Gearheart
Place Keyword: Grayland Plains
Place Keyword: Klipsan
Place Keyword: Leadbetter Point
Place Keyword: Long Beach
Place Keyword: Moclips
Place Keyword: North Beach
Place Keyword: North Cove
Place Keyword: Ocean City
Place Keyword: Ocean Park
Place Keyword: Ocean Shores
Place Keyword: Oregon
Place Keyword: Pacific Beach
Place Keyword: Point Grenville
Place Keyword: Seaside
Place Keyword: Seaview
Place Keyword: Tillamook Head
Place Keyword: Washington
Place Keyword: Westport

Access Constraints: None
Use Constraints:
Users must assume liability to determine the appropiate use of these data. This data set is not to be used for legal purposes. The Coastal and Marine Geology Program, US Geological Survey should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Please contact the USGS for more detailed information if required.
Point of Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: United States Geological Survey

Contact Position: Coastal Engineer
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Coastal and Marine Geology Program, MS-999, 345 Middlefield Road

City: Menlo Park
State or Province: CA
Postal Code: 94025
Country: USA

Contact Voice Telephone: 650-329-5433
Contact Facsimile Telephone: 650-329-5190
Contact Electronic Mail Address: pruggiero@usgs.gov
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Data Set Credit:
These data were collected as part of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study which is jointly funded by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program) and the US Geological Survey (Coastal and Marine Geology Program).
Native Data Set Environment: ASCII text file, Windows NT 4.0 OS.

Logical Consistency Report: The fidelity of the data is verified via a calibration with geodetic control monuments from the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Daniels et al., 1999).
Completeness Report: The data is visually inspected for gross inacuracies using a variety of software packages including MS Excel and Matlab (Mathworks Inc.).
Positional Accuracy:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:
The survey-grade GPS equipment used in the monitoring program (Trimble 4000 series receivers) have manufacturer reported Root Mean Square (RMS) accuracies of approximately ±3-cm + 2ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998). These reported accuracies are, however, additionally subject to multi-path, satellite obstructions, poor satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions. To minimize these uncertainties a local site calibration is performed during each survey, where between 2 and 5 geodetic control monuments are occupied that are known to have a horizontal and vertical accuracy of approximately 2-cm (Daniels et al., 1999). A three-parameter least squares fit is applied to fix all data points in the current survey to the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network.

For topographic beach surface maps, the non-uniformly spaced raw data collected from a moving platform feature accuracies better than approximately 0.05 m in the horizontal.

For topographic beach profiles, uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting profiles by walking with a GPS antenna mounted on a backpack. While the horizontal uncertainty of individual data points is aproximately 0.05 m, the GPS operators cannot stay 'on line' to this level of accuracy. Typically, the horizontal variability from the dune toe to the waters edge between subsequent surveys is less than 1 m.

Quantitative Horizontal Positional Accuracy Assessment:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy Value: 0.05
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Explanation: A calibration based on the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Daniels et al., 1999) was performed.

Vertical Positional Accuracy:

Vertical Positional Accuracy Report:
The survey-grade GPS equipment used in the monitoring program (Trimble 4000 series receivers) have manufacturer reported RMS accuracies of approximately ±5-cm + 2ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the vertical while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998). These reported accuracies are, however, additionally subject to multi-path, satellite obstructions, poor satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions that can combine to cause a vertical GPS drift that can be as much as 10-cm. To minimize these uncertainties a local site calibration is performed during each survey, where between 2 and 5 geodetic control monuments are occupied that are known to have a horizontal and vertical accuracy of approximately 2-cm (Daniels et al., 1999). A three-parameter least squares fit is applied to fix all data points in the current survey to the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network, within an RMS error typically less than 4-cm in the vertical, regardless of the phase of the GPS drift.

For topographic beach surface maps, uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting data while on a moving platform, including vehicle bounce and tires sinking into the sand. While these additional errors are not readily measureable, comparisons with beach profile surveys suggest that they are small (~ 5-cm). Assuming that the vertical uncertainties are statistically independent, we combine the GPS error (~6-cm), the calibration error (~4-cm), and the vehicle error (~5-cm) in quadrature by taking the square root of the sum of the squares. Therefore, the methodology used in collecting topographic beach surface maps can only reliably detect vertical beach elevation change greater than approximately 10-cm.

For topographic beach profiles, uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting data by walking with a GPS antenna mounted on a backpack. To test the vertical repeatability of this methodology, three different GPS operators collected profile data on the same day with corresponding different antenna heights (Ruggiero and Voigt, 2000). This test resulted in maximum vertical offsets between the three surveys of approximately 2-cm, and RMS deviations of approximately 4-cm. While the horizontal uncertainty of individual data points is aproximately 0.05 m, the GPS operators cannot stay 'on line' to this level of accuracy. Typically, the horizontal variability from the dune toe to the waters edge between subsequent surveys is less than 1 m. These horizontal deviations typically result in negligible vertical uncertainties due to the wide gently sloping beaches of the CRLC. Assuming that the vertical uncertainties are statistically independent, we combine the GPS error (~6-cm), the calibration error (~4-cm), and the repeatability error (~4-cm) in quadrature by taking the square root of the sum of the squares. Therefore, the methodology used in the collection of topographic beach profiles can only reliably detect beach elevation change greater than approximately 8-cm.

Both of the above mentioned methods were used to combine topographic surveys with nearshore bathymetry data, however, the vertical uncertainties of the methods are different. Therefore, the larger of the two vertical uncertainties, 10-cm, is taken as the Vertical Position Accuracy.

Quantitative Vertical Positional Accuracy Assessment:

Vertical Positional Accuracy Value: 0.1
Vertical Positional Accuracy Explanation: A calibration based on the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Daniels et al., 1999) was performed.

Lineage:

Process Step:

Process Description:
An RTK DGPS base station is setup on or near a control monument of the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Daniels et al., 1999). An RTK DGPS base station consists of a Trimble 4400 receiver, a Trimble non-micro centered T1/T2 GPS antenna with a ground plane, a Pacific Crest UHF radio modem, radio antenna, two tripods, and various cables. The GPS antenna is mounted onto a tripod that is leveled over a known monument or a small board placed on the ground. Once leveled the tripod is secured with sand bags and the antenna is connected to the GPS receiver via a data cable. The radio modem and antenna are attached to the second tripod and connected to the GPS receiver via a data cable. After all connections have been made, the Trimble 4400 receiver is started using a TDC1 or TSC1 handheld data logger and the radio modem is turned on.
Process Step:

Process Description:
Topographic beach surface maps are generated by mapping the beach surface with a GPS reciever, GPS antenna, Pacific Crest radio modem and radio antenna mounted to a six-wheel drive amphibious all-terrain vehicle called the CLAMMER (CoastaL All-terrain Morphology Monitoring and Erosion Research vehicle). Trimble 4000 series (typically 4400 or 4700) receivers are used to collect the data that is stored in the field using a Trimble TDC1 or TSC1 data logger. Each surface map site is approximately 4 km in length and hundreds of meters in width, spanning the area between the toe of the primary dune and the swash zone. The CLAMMER collects individual point measurements every 5 - 10 m and the cross-shore distance between alongshore transects is typically 20 - 30 m but is determined in the field based on cross-shore breaks in beach slope such as at crests and troughs of swash bars and sand berms.

Topographic beach profiles are measured by walking with a GPS reciever, GPS antenna, Pacific Crest radio modem and radio antenna mounted to a backpack from the landward edge of the primary dune, over the dune crest, to wading depth at spring low tide. Trimble 4000 series (typically 4400 or 4700) receivers are used to collect the data that is stored in the field on either a Trimble TDC1 or TSC1 data logger. Several beach profiles are collected during any one low tide and stored in the same file on the data logger.

Process Step:

Process Description:
Discrepancies between local control and GPS-derived coordinates for both topographic beach surface maps and topographic beach profiles are reduced by conducting a field calibration (also referred to as horizontal and vertical adjustments). Typically a field calibration is performed, and if not, the calibration is performed in the office to constrain the horizontal and vertical coordinates with the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Daniels et al., 1999). A calibration is accomplished by obtaining between two and five calibration points at monuments of known elevation and horizontal position in the vicinity of the survey area. Calibration points are measured by centering the GPS antenna over a known monument at a set height and recording data for several 10’s of seconds. If the precisions are satisfactory, the point is stored and applied to the survey. The Trimble Survey Controller software automatically performs a spatial correction on all survey points collected and matches the grid points to the known values.
Process Step:

Process Description:
Topographic beach surface map and topographic beach profile field data stored in a data logger is downloaded to a Trimble proprietary office software program (Trimmap, TSOffice, TGOffice, and Pathfinder office have all been used). The office software allows for further quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) through visualization, calibration and archiving. The data is then exported from the office software to an ASCII text file that is imported into Matlab.
Process Step:

Process Description:
The final QA/QC for topographic beach surface map data is completed with user written Matlab code. The non-uniformly spaced raw data (typically 5,000 to 10,000 points) are mapped onto a uniform 2-dimensional gridded surface via triangle-based, weighted linear interpolation, allowing for comparison with subsequent data sets. The surface maps are compared to earlier data and visualized in a variety of ways. Individual beach profiles are then extracted from the uniform 2-dimensional gridded topographic surface such that alongshore grid positions agree with the alongshore positions of the bathymetry profiles. Following final QA/QC the raw data points are exported to individual ASCII text files. Data are reported as x, y, z triplets (Easting, Northing, Elevation) with the horizontal datum Washington State Plane South NAD 83 m, and the vertical datum NAVD 88 m.

The final QA/QC for topographic beach profiles is completed with user written Matlab codes that are used to visualize individual beach profiles and compare them with bathymetry data. Following final QA/QC, the entire data file is split into individual cross-shore topographic profiles and exported as individual ASCII text files. Data are reported as x, y, z triplets (Easting, Northing, Elevation) with the horizontal datum Washington State Plane South NAD 83 m, and the vertical datum NAVD 88 m.

Process Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: United States Geological Survey

Contact Position: Coastal Engineer
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Coastal and Marine Geology Program, MS-999, 345 Middlefield Road

City: Menlo Park
State or Province: CA
Postal Code: 94025
Country: USA

Contact Voice Telephone: 650-329-5433
Contact Facsimile Telephone: 650-329-5190
Contact Electronic Mail Address: pruggiero@usgs.gov
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Cloud Cover: Unknown

Direct Spatial Reference Method: Point
Point and Vector Object Information:

SDTS Terms Description:

SDTS Point and Vector Object Type: Point

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:

Planar:

Grid Coordinate System:

Grid Coordinate System Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
State Plane Coordinate System:

SPCS Zone Identifier: Washington, South
Lambert Conformal Conic:

Standard Parallel: 45.833333
Standard Parallel: 47.333333
Longitude of Central Meridian: -120.5
Latitude of Projection Origin: 45.333333
False Easting: 500000
False Northing: 0

Planar Coordinate Information:

Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: Coordinate Pair
Planar Distance Units: meters

Geodetic Model:

Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major Axis: 6378137
Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257

Vertical Coordinate System Definition:

Altitude System Definition:

Altitude Datum Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude Resolution: 0.01
Altitude Distance Units: meters
Altitude Encoding Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

Detailed Description:

Entity Type:

Entity Type Label: lb98_line060_t.xyz
Entity Type Definition: ASCII text file

Attribute:

Attribute Label: Easting
Attribute Definition: Easting coordinate position.
Attribute Definition Source: US Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:

Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.05

Attribute Measurement Frequency: Irregular

Attribute:

Attribute Label: Elevation
Attribute Definition: Elevation measurement of the data point.
Attribute Definition Source: US Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:

Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.1

Attribute Measurement Frequency: Irregular

Attribute:

Attribute Label: Northing
Attribute Definition: Value of the Northing coordinate
Attribute Definition Source: US Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:

Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.05

Attribute Measurement Frequency: Irregular

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Entity Type Definition: ASCII text file

Overview Description:

Entity and Attribute Overview: ASCII text file that includes: Easting, Northing, Elevation.

Distributor:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: United States Geological Survey

Contact Position: Coastal Engineer
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Coastal and Marine Geology Program, MS-999, 345 Middlefield Road

City: Menlo Park
State or Province: CA
Postal Code: 94025
Country: USA

Contact Voice Telephone: 650-329-5433
Contact Facsimile Telephone: 650-329-5190
Contact Electronic Mail Address: pruggiero@usgs.gov
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Distribution Liability:
Users must assume liability to determine the appropiate use of these data. This data set is not to be used for legal purposes. The Coastal and Marine Geology Program, US Geological Survey should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Please contact the US Geological Survey for more detailed information if required.
Standard Order Process:

Fees: May involve cost recovery for production of CD-ROM. Please contact Peter Ruggiero for additional information and report availability.
Ordering Instructions: Contact Peter Ruggiero at the US Geological Survey.

Custom Order Process:
Please contact Peter Ruggiero at the US Geological Survey for ordering information, or view the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study Internet site at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm for data download information.
Available Time Period:

Time Period Information:

Single Date/Time:

Calendar Date: 5/9/2003
Time of Day: Unknown

Metadata Date: 5/9/2003
Metadata Review Date: 5/9/2003
Metadata Future Review Date:
Metadata Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: United States Geological Survey

Contact Position: Coastal Engineer
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Coastal and Marine Geology Program, MS-999, 345 Middlefield Road

City: Menlo Park
State or Province: CA
Postal Code: 94025
Country: USA

Contact Voice Telephone: 650-329-5433
Contact Facsimile Telephone: 650-329-5190
Contact Electronic Mail Address: pruggiero@usgs.gov
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Time Convention: local time
Metadata Security Information:

Metadata Security Classification: Unclassified