Columbia River Littoral Cell Shoreline Change Reference Features, 1997-2005

Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program
Publication Date: Unpublished Material
Publication Time: Unknown
Title: Columbia River Littoral Cell Shoreline Change Reference Features, 1997-2005
Online Linkage: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm

Description:

Abstract:
Modern erosion reference features, such as scarps or drift lines, are being mapped on rapidly eroding beaches by walking the feature in the alongshore direction. Field equipment for shoreline reference feature surveying consists of an RTK DGPS base station and an RTK DGPS rover on a backpack. These position data are used to complement the historical shoreline change analyses being conducted by digitizing historical NOS topographic sheets and aerial photography (Kaminsky et al., 1999). Shoreline change reference features also serve to expand the regional coverage between cross-shore profiles and define a landward boundary to the beach surface maps.
Purpose:
Shoreline reference feature data is being collected as a component of the beach morphology monitoring program of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study. The primary goals of the monitoring program are to 1) quantify the short-medium term (event-seasonal-interannual) beach change rates and morphologic variability along the Columbia River littoral cell, 2) collect beach state parameter (grain size, beach slope, dune height) data to enhance the conceptual understanding of the CRLC functioning and refine predictions of future coastal change, 3) compare and contrast the scales of environmental forcing and beach change with other coastlines of the world, and 4) provide relevant beach change data in an appropriate format to coastal decision-makers.
Supplemental Information:
A description of the methodology used to collect this data is available in Ecology Publication #00-06-026. Additional information is available online at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm. The following references are cited in this report.
Kaminsky, G.M., M.C. Buisjman, G. Gelfenbaum, P. Ruggiero, H.M. Jol, A.E. Gibbs, and C.D. Peterson, 1999. Synthesizing geological observations and processes-response data for modeling coastal change at management scale, Proceedings of Coastal Sediments '99, ASCE, pp. 1708-1723.

Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: 1/28/1997
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: 2005
Ending Time: Unknown

Currentness Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency: None planned

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate: -124.2787
East Bounding Coordinate: -123.6226
North Bounding Coordinate: 47.3214
South Bounding Coordinate: 45.8547

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme Keyword Thesaurus: beach profile
Theme Keyword: cross-shore transect
Theme Keyword: Global Positioning System
Theme Keyword: seasonal variability
Theme Keyword: beach profile
Theme Keyword: beach monitoring
Theme Keyword: beaches
Theme Keyword: beach morphology
Theme Keyword: beach survey
Theme Keyword: scarp
Theme Keyword: shoreline reference feature

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus: CMAP REGION
Place Keyword: Astoria
Place Keyword: Clatsop Plains
Place Keyword: Clatsop Spit
Place Keyword: Columbia River Littoral Cell
Place Keyword: Copalis Beach
Place Keyword: Fort Canby
Place Keyword: Gearheart
Place Keyword: Grayland Plains
Place Keyword: Klipsan
Place Keyword: Leadbetter Point
Place Keyword: Long Beach
Place Keyword: Moclips
Place Keyword: North Beach
Place Keyword: North Cove
Place Keyword: Ocean City
Place Keyword: Ocean Park
Place Keyword: Ocean Shores
Place Keyword: Oregon
Place Keyword: Pacific Beach
Place Keyword: Point Grenville
Place Keyword: Seaside
Place Keyword: Seaview
Place Keyword: Tillamook Head
Place Keyword: Washington
Place Keyword: Westport

Access Constraints: None
Use Constraints:
Users must assume liability to determine the appropriate use of these data. This data set is not to be used for legal purposes. The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washington State Department of Ecology should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Please contact the Washington State Department of Ecology for more detailed information if required.
Point of Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: Oregon State University

Contact Position: Assistant Professor
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97331-5506
Country: USA

Contact TDD/TTY Telephone: 541-737-1239
Contact Electronic Mail Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Data Set Credit:
The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program is jointly funded by the Washington Department of Ecology and the US Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program under Cooperative Agreement 1434-HQ-96-AG-01640.

Logical Consistency Report: The fidelity of the data is verified via a calibration with geodetic control monuments from the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication #99-103).
Completeness Report: The data is visually inspected for gross inaccuracies using a variety of software packages including MS Excel and Matlab.
Positional Accuracy:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:
There were two types of survey-grade GPS equipment used in this monitoring program. The shoreline reference features (pre-2005) were collected using the Trimble 4000 series receivers, which have manufacturer reported RMS accuracies of approximately ±3-cm + 2ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998). After 2005, some shoreline reference features were collectedTrimble R8 GPS System, which has manufacturer reported Root Mean Square (RMS) accuracies of approximately ±1-cm + 1ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 2004). These reported accuracies are, however, additionally subject to multi-path, satellite obstructions, poor satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions. To minimize these uncertainties a local site calibration is performed during each survey, where between 2 and 5 geodetic control monuments are occupied that are known to have a horizontal and vertical accuracy of approximately 2-cm (DANIELS et al., 1999). A three-parameter least squares fit is applied to fix all data points in the current survey to the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control System. Uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting beach profiles by walking with a GPS antenna mounted on a backpack. The surveyor walks with the RTK rover unit along the base of the erosional scarp, toe of dune, or landward extent of the vegetation line. While not as accurate as standard terrestrial surveying using a rod and level, walking the profiles with a GPS backpack is justified by both the reduction in survey time and the large seasonal changes observed on the high-energy beaches of the CRLC.
Quantitative Horizontal Positional Accuracy Assessment:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy Value: 0.05
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Explanation: A calibration based on the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103) was performed.

Vertical Positional Accuracy:

Vertical Positional Accuracy Report:
There were two types of survey-grade GPS equipment used in this monitoring program. The shoreline reference features were collected using the Trimble 4000 series receivers (pre-2005), which have manufacturer reported RMS accuracies of approximately ±5-cm + 2ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the vertical while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998). For data collected in 2005, some profiles were collected with the Trimble R8 GPS System, which has manufacturer reported Root Mean Square (RMS) accuracies of approximately ±2-cm + 1ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 2004). These reported accuracies are, however, additionally subject to multi-path, satellite obstructions, poor satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions that can combine to cause a vertical GPS drift that can be as much as 10-cm. To minimize these uncertainties a local site calibration is performed during each survey, where between 2 and 5 geodetic control monuments are occupied that are known to have a horizontal and vertical accuracy of approximately 2-cm (DANIELS et al., 1999). A three-parameter least squares fit is applied to fix all data points in the current survey to the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control System, within an RMS error typically less than 4-cm in the vertical, regardless of the phase of the GPS drift. Uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting beach profiles by walking with a GPS antenna mounted on a backpack. To test the vertical repeatability of this methodology, three different GPS operators collected profile data on the same day with corresponding different antenna heights (RUGGIERO and VOIGT, 2000). This test resulted in maximum vertical offsets between the three surveys of approximately 2-cm, and RMS deviations of approximately 4-cm. Prior to fall 2000, GPS operators determined the horizontal location of the beach profiles in the field by locating permanent markers set in the dunes. The horizontal variability from the dune toe to the waters edge between subsequent surveys could be as much as several tens of meters. Since fall 2000 we have used the 32-bit Trimble TSC1 data logger that allows for simultaneous navigation and data collection. The horizontal variability between subsequent surveys has been reduced to less than 1 m. These horizontal deviations typically result in negligible vertical uncertainties due to the wide gently sloping beaches of the CRLC. Assuming that the vertical uncertainties are statistically independent, we combine the GPS error (~6-cm), the calibration error (~4-cm), and the repeatability error (~4-cm) in quadrature by taking the square root of the sum of the squares. The methodology used in the monitoring program can only reliably detect beach elevation change greater than approximately 8-cm. While not as accurate as standard terrestrial surveying using a rod and level, walking the profiles with a GPS backpack is justified by both the reduction in survey time and the large seasonal changes observed on the high-energy beaches of the CRLC.
Quantitative Vertical Positional Accuracy Assessment:

Vertical Positional Accuracy Value: 0.08
Vertical Positional Accuracy Explanation: A calibration based on the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103) was performed.

Lineage:

Process Step:

Process Description:
A RTK DGPS base station is setup on or near a control monument of the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103). A RTK DGPS base station consists of a Trimble 4400 receiver, a Trimble non-micro centered T1/T2 GPS antenna with a ground plane, a Pacific Crest UHF radio modem, radio antenna, two tripods, and various cables. The GPS antenna is mounted onto a tripod that is leveled over a small board placed on the ground. Once leveled the tripod is secured with sand bags and the antenna is connected to the GPS receiver via a data cable. The radio modem and antenna are attached to the second tripod and connected to the GPS receiver via a data cable. After all connections have been made, the Trimble 4400 receiver is started using a TDC1 or TSC1 handheld data logger and the radio modem is turned on.
Process Step:

Process Description:
Shoreline reference features are mapped by walking with a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, Pacific Crest radio modem and radio antenna mounted to a backpack along the base of the erosional scarp, toe of dune, or landward extent of the vegetation line. For features mapped before 2005, Trimble 4000 series (typically 4400 or 4700) receivers were used to collect the data that is stored in the field on either a Trimble TDC1 or TSC1 data logger. In 2005, some of the data was collected with the Trimble R8 GPS system and the TSCE data logger. Between 2 and 8 beach profiles are collected during any one low tide and stored in the same file on the data logger. This data was collected by: Laura Bauleke, Diana McCandless, Peter Ruggiero, Josh McInnes, Jessica Cote, Dave Thompson, Jamie MacMahan, Brian Voigt, Maarten Buijsman, Guy Gelfenbaum, Rich Daniels, Bob Huxford, Etienne Kingsley, Dawn Harpel, Sarah Haque, Dylan Monahan, Emily Lindstrum, Troy Warnick, Peter Wald, Renee Shadel, George Kaminsky.
Process Step:

Process Description:
Discrepancies between local control and GPS-derived coordinates are reduced by conducting a field calibration (also referred to as horizontal and vertical adjustments). Typically a field calibration is performed, and if not, the calibration is performed in the office to constrain the horizontal and vertical coordinates with the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103). A calibration is accomplished by obtaining between two and five calibration points at monuments of known elevation and horizontal position in the vicinity of the survey area. Calibration points are measured by centering the GPS antenna over a known monument at a set height and recording data for several 10’s of seconds. If the precisions are satisfactory, the point is stored and applied to the survey. The Trimble Survey Controller software automatically performs a spatial correction on all survey points collected and matches the grid points to the WGS-84 values.
Process Step:

Process Description:
Field data stored in the data logger is downloaded to a Trimble proprietary office software program (Trimmap, TSOffice or TGOffice have all been used). The office software allows for further quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) through visualization, calibration and archiving. The data is then exported from the office software to an ASCII text file that is imported into Matlab.
Process Step:

Process Description:
Matlab scripts are used to visualize individual shoreline reference features and compare them to data collected earlier. Data are reported as x, y, z triplets (Easting, Northing, Elevation) with the horizontal datum Washington State Plane South NAD 83 m, and the vertical datum NAVD 88 m.
Process Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: Oregon State University

Contact Position: Assistant Professor
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97331-5506
Country: USA

Contact TDD/TTY Telephone: 541-737-1239
Contact Electronic Mail Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Cloud Cover: Unknown

Direct Spatial Reference Method: Point
Point and Vector Object Information:

SDTS Terms Description:

SDTS Point and Vector Object Type: Point

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:

Planar:

Grid Coordinate System:

Grid Coordinate System Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
State Plane Coordinate System:

SPCS Zone Identifier: Washington, South
Lambert Conformal Conic:

Standard Parallel: 45.833333
Standard Parallel: 47.333333
Longitude of Central Meridian: -120.5
Latitude of Projection Origin: 45.333333
False Easting: 500000
False Northing: 0

Planar Coordinate Information:

Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: Coordinate Pair
Planar Distance Units: meters

Geodetic Model:

Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major Axis: 6378137
Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257

Vertical Coordinate System Definition:

Altitude System Definition:

Altitude Datum Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude Resolution: 0.01
Altitude Distance Units: meters
Altitude Encoding Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

Detailed Description:

Entity Type:

Entity Type Label: Westport_012897.out
Entity Type Definition: ASCII text file

Attribute:

Attribute Label: Easting
Attribute Definition: Easting coordinate position.
Attribute Definition Source: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:

Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.05

Attribute Measurement Frequency: Irregular

Attribute:

Attribute Label: Elevation
Attribute Definition: Elevation measurement of the data point.
Attribute Definition Source: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:

Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.1

Attribute Measurement Frequency: Irregular

Attribute:

Attribute Label: Northing
Attribute Definition: Value of the Northing coordinate
Attribute Definition Source: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:

Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.05

Attribute Measurement Frequency: Irregular

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Overview Description:

Entity and Attribute Overview: 28 ASCII text files that include: Easting, Northing, Elevation.

Distributor:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: Oregon State University

Contact Position: Assistant Professor
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97331-5506
Country: USA

Contact TDD/TTY Telephone: 541-737-1239
Contact Electronic Mail Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Distribution Liability:
Users must assume liability to determine the appropriate use of these data. This data set is not to be used for legal purposes. The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washington State Department of Ecology should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Please contact the Washington State Department of Ecology for more detailed information if required.
Standard Order Process:

Fees: May involve cost recovery for production of CD-ROM. Please contact Peter Ruggiero for additional information and report availability.
Ordering Instructions: Contact Peter Ruggiero at Oregon State University.

Custom Order Process:
Please contact Peter Ruggiero at Oregon State University for ordering information, or view the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study Internet site at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm for data download information.
Available Time Period:

Time Period Information:

Single Date/Time:

Calendar Date: 4/19/2006
Time of Day: Unknown

Metadata Date: 4/19/2006
Metadata Review Date: 4/19/2006
Metadata Future Review Date:
Metadata Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person: Peter Ruggiero
Contact Organization: Oregon State University

Contact Position: Assistant Professor
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97331-5506
Country: USA

Contact TDD/TTY Telephone: 541-737-1239
Contact Electronic Mail Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu
Hours of Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT

Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Time Convention: local time
Metadata Security Information:

Metadata Security Classification: Unclassified