Identification_Information: SMMS_Type: 1 Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Publication_Time: Unknown Title: Columbia River Littoral Cell Shoreline Change Reference Features, 1997-2005 Online_Linkage: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm SMMS_Citation_Linkages_Hyperlinked: true SMMS_Citation_Source_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Time_of_Day: Unknown Description: Abstract: Modern erosion reference features, such as scarps or drift lines, are being mapped on rapidly eroding beaches by walking the feature in the alongshore direction. Field equipment for shoreline reference feature surveying consists of an RTK DGPS base station and an RTK DGPS rover on a backpack. These position data are used to complement the historical shoreline change analyses being conducted by digitizing historical NOS topographic sheets and aerial photography (Kaminsky et al., 1999). Shoreline change reference features also serve to expand the regional coverage between cross-shore profiles and define a landward boundary to the beach surface maps. Purpose: Shoreline reference feature data is being collected as a component of the beach morphology monitoring program of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study. The primary goals of the monitoring program are to 1) quantify the short-medium term (event-seasonal-interannual) beach change rates and morphologic variability along the Columbia River littoral cell, 2) collect beach state parameter (grain size, beach slope, dune height) data to enhance the conceptual understanding of the CRLC functioning and refine predictions of future coastal change, 3) compare and contrast the scales of environmental forcing and beach change with other coastlines of the world, and 4) provide relevant beach change data in an appropriate format to coastal decision-makers. Supplemental_Information: A description of the methodology used to collect this data is available in Ecology Publication #00-06-026. Additional information is available online at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm. The following references are cited in this report. Kaminsky, G.M., M.C. Buisjman, G. Gelfenbaum, P. Ruggiero, H.M. Jol, A.E. Gibbs, and C.D. Peterson, 1999. Synthesizing geological observations and processes-response data for modeling coastal change at management scale, Proceedings of Coastal Sediments '99, ASCE, pp. 1708-1723. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970128 Beginning_Time: Unknown Ending_Date: 2005 Ending_Time: Unknown Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.2787 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.6226 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.3214 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.8547 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: beach profile Theme_Keyword: cross-shore transect Theme_Keyword: Global Positioning System Theme_Keyword: seasonal variability Theme_Keyword: beach profile Theme_Keyword: beach monitoring Theme_Keyword: beaches Theme_Keyword: beach morphology Theme_Keyword: beach survey Theme_Keyword: scarp Theme_Keyword: shoreline reference feature Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CMAP REGION Place_Keyword: Astoria Place_Keyword: Clatsop Plains Place_Keyword: Clatsop Spit Place_Keyword: Columbia River Littoral Cell Place_Keyword: Copalis Beach Place_Keyword: Fort Canby Place_Keyword: Gearheart Place_Keyword: Grayland Plains Place_Keyword: Klipsan Place_Keyword: Leadbetter Point Place_Keyword: Long Beach Place_Keyword: Moclips Place_Keyword: North Beach Place_Keyword: North Cove Place_Keyword: Ocean City Place_Keyword: Ocean Park Place_Keyword: Ocean Shores Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: Pacific Beach Place_Keyword: Point Grenville Place_Keyword: Seaside Place_Keyword: Seaview Place_Keyword: Tillamook Head Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Westport Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Users must assume liability to determine the appropriate use of these data. This data set is not to be used for legal purposes. The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washington State Department of Ecology should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Please contact the Washington State Department of Ecology for more detailed information if required. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter Ruggiero Contact_Organization: Oregon State University Contact_Position: Assistant Professor Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University City: Corvallis State_or_Province: OR Postal_Code: 97331-5506 Country: USA Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 541-737-1239 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu SMMS_Contact_Email_Hyperlinked: false Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT Data_Set_Credit: The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program is jointly funded by the Washington Department of Ecology and the US Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program under Cooperative Agreement 1434-HQ-96-AG-01640. SMMS_Dataset_Capture_Browse: false Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The fidelity of the data is verified via a calibration with geodetic control monuments from the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication #99-103). Completeness_Report: The data is visually inspected for gross inaccuracies using a variety of software packages including MS Excel and Matlab. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: There were two types of survey-grade GPS equipment used in this monitoring program. The shoreline reference features (pre-2005) were collected using the Trimble 4000 series receivers, which have manufacturer reported RMS accuracies of approximately ±3-cm + 2ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998). After 2005, some shoreline reference features were collectedTrimble R8 GPS System, which has manufacturer reported Root Mean Square (RMS) accuracies of approximately ±1-cm + 1ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 2004). These reported accuracies are, however, additionally subject to multi-path, satellite obstructions, poor satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions. To minimize these uncertainties a local site calibration is performed during each survey, where between 2 and 5 geodetic control monuments are occupied that are known to have a horizontal and vertical accuracy of approximately 2-cm (DANIELS et al., 1999). A three-parameter least squares fit is applied to fix all data points in the current survey to the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control System. Uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting beach profiles by walking with a GPS antenna mounted on a backpack. The surveyor walks with the RTK rover unit along the base of the erosional scarp, toe of dune, or landward extent of the vegetation line. While not as accurate as standard terrestrial surveying using a rod and level, walking the profiles with a GPS backpack is justified by both the reduction in survey time and the large seasonal changes observed on the high-energy beaches of the CRLC. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.05 Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: A calibration based on the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103) was performed. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: There were two types of survey-grade GPS equipment used in this monitoring program. The shoreline reference features were collected using the Trimble 4000 series receivers (pre-2005), which have manufacturer reported RMS accuracies of approximately ±5-cm + 2ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the vertical while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 1998). For data collected in 2005, some profiles were collected with the Trimble R8 GPS System, which has manufacturer reported Root Mean Square (RMS) accuracies of approximately ±2-cm + 1ppm of baseline length (typically 10 km or less) in the horizontal while operating in Real Time Kinematic surveying mode (Trimble Navigation Limited, 2004). These reported accuracies are, however, additionally subject to multi-path, satellite obstructions, poor satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions that can combine to cause a vertical GPS drift that can be as much as 10-cm. To minimize these uncertainties a local site calibration is performed during each survey, where between 2 and 5 geodetic control monuments are occupied that are known to have a horizontal and vertical accuracy of approximately 2-cm (DANIELS et al., 1999). A three-parameter least squares fit is applied to fix all data points in the current survey to the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control System, within an RMS error typically less than 4-cm in the vertical, regardless of the phase of the GPS drift. Uncertainties in GPS position estimates also arise from collecting beach profiles by walking with a GPS antenna mounted on a backpack. To test the vertical repeatability of this methodology, three different GPS operators collected profile data on the same day with corresponding different antenna heights (RUGGIERO and VOIGT, 2000). This test resulted in maximum vertical offsets between the three surveys of approximately 2-cm, and RMS deviations of approximately 4-cm. Prior to fall 2000, GPS operators determined the horizontal location of the beach profiles in the field by locating permanent markers set in the dunes. The horizontal variability from the dune toe to the waters edge between subsequent surveys could be as much as several tens of meters. Since fall 2000 we have used the 32-bit Trimble TSC1 data logger that allows for simultaneous navigation and data collection. The horizontal variability between subsequent surveys has been reduced to less than 1 m. These horizontal deviations typically result in negligible vertical uncertainties due to the wide gently sloping beaches of the CRLC. Assuming that the vertical uncertainties are statistically independent, we combine the GPS error (~6-cm), the calibration error (~4-cm), and the repeatability error (~4-cm) in quadrature by taking the square root of the sum of the squares. The methodology used in the monitoring program can only reliably detect beach elevation change greater than approximately 8-cm. While not as accurate as standard terrestrial surveying using a rod and level, walking the profiles with a GPS backpack is justified by both the reduction in survey time and the large seasonal changes observed on the high-energy beaches of the CRLC. Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.08 Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: A calibration based on the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103) was performed. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: A RTK DGPS base station is setup on or near a control monument of the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103). A RTK DGPS base station consists of a Trimble 4400 receiver, a Trimble non-micro centered T1/T2 GPS antenna with a ground plane, a Pacific Crest UHF radio modem, radio antenna, two tripods, and various cables. The GPS antenna is mounted onto a tripod that is leveled over a small board placed on the ground. Once leveled the tripod is secured with sand bags and the antenna is connected to the GPS receiver via a data cable. The radio modem and antenna are attached to the second tripod and connected to the GPS receiver via a data cable. After all connections have been made, the Trimble 4400 receiver is started using a TDC1 or TSC1 handheld data logger and the radio modem is turned on. Process_Step: Process_Description: Shoreline reference features are mapped by walking with a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, Pacific Crest radio modem and radio antenna mounted to a backpack along the base of the erosional scarp, toe of dune, or landward extent of the vegetation line. For features mapped before 2005, Trimble 4000 series (typically 4400 or 4700) receivers were used to collect the data that is stored in the field on either a Trimble TDC1 or TSC1 data logger. In 2005, some of the data was collected with the Trimble R8 GPS system and the TSCE data logger. Between 2 and 8 beach profiles are collected during any one low tide and stored in the same file on the data logger. This data was collected by: Laura Bauleke, Diana McCandless, Peter Ruggiero, Josh McInnes, Jessica Cote, Dave Thompson, Jamie MacMahan, Brian Voigt, Maarten Buijsman, Guy Gelfenbaum, Rich Daniels, Bob Huxford, Etienne Kingsley, Dawn Harpel, Sarah Haque, Dylan Monahan, Emily Lindstrum, Troy Warnick, Peter Wald, Renee Shadel, George Kaminsky. Process_Step: Process_Description: Discrepancies between local control and GPS-derived coordinates are reduced by conducting a field calibration (also referred to as horizontal and vertical adjustments). Typically a field calibration is performed, and if not, the calibration is performed in the office to constrain the horizontal and vertical coordinates with the Washington Coastal Geodetic Control Network (Ecology Publication # 99-103). A calibration is accomplished by obtaining between two and five calibration points at monuments of known elevation and horizontal position in the vicinity of the survey area. Calibration points are measured by centering the GPS antenna over a known monument at a set height and recording data for several 10’s of seconds. If the precisions are satisfactory, the point is stored and applied to the survey. The Trimble Survey Controller software automatically performs a spatial correction on all survey points collected and matches the grid points to the WGS-84 values. Process_Step: Process_Description: Field data stored in the data logger is downloaded to a Trimble proprietary office software program (Trimmap, TSOffice or TGOffice have all been used). The office software allows for further quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) through visualization, calibration and archiving. The data is then exported from the office software to an ASCII text file that is imported into Matlab. Process_Step: Process_Description: Matlab scripts are used to visualize individual shoreline reference features and compare them to data collected earlier. Data are reported as x, y, z triplets (Easting, Northing, Elevation) with the horizontal datum Washington State Plane South NAD 83 m, and the vertical datum NAVD 88 m. Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter Ruggiero Contact_Organization: Oregon State University Contact_Position: Assistant Professor Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University City: Corvallis State_or_Province: OR Postal_Code: 97331-5506 Country: USA Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 541-737-1239 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu SMMS_Contact_Email_Hyperlinked: false Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT Cloud_Cover: Unknown Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point SMMS_Captured: false SMMS_Captured: false Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983 State_Plane_Coordinate_System: SPCS_Zone_Identifier: Washington, South Lambert_Conformal_Conic: Standard_Parallel: 45.833333 Standard_Parallel: 47.333333 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -120.5 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 45.333333 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate Pair Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_012897.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting Attribute_Definition: Easting coordinate position. Attribute_Definition_Source: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information: Attribute_Value_Accuracy: 0.05 Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: Irregular SMMS_Captured: false Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: Elevation measurement of the data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information: Attribute_Value_Accuracy: 0.1 Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: Irregular SMMS_Captured: false Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing Attribute_Definition: Value of the Northing coordinate Attribute_Definition_Source: Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information: Attribute_Value_Accuracy: 0.05 Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: Irregular SMMS_Captured: false Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_030597.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_012198.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_031900.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_031001.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_112701.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Westport_101503.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Cape_Shoalwater_012997.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Cape_Shoalwater_012098.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Cape_Shoalwater_022699.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Cape_Shoalwater_032000.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Cape_Shoalwater_031101.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Cape_Shoalwater_030504.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Clatsop_092997.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Clatsop_012898.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Clatsop_021900.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Clatsop_030804.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fort_Canby_121897.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fort_Canby_020399.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fort_Canby_022800.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fort_Canby_031101.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fort_Canby_022004.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fort_Canby_022597.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Ocean_Shores_030597.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Ocean_Shores_030598.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Ocean_Shores_030199.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Ocean_Shores_031700.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Ocean_Shores_031001.out Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII text file Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: 28 ASCII text files that include: Easting, Northing, Elevation. Distribution_Information: SMMS_Distribution_Name: Digital - shoreline reference features Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter Ruggiero Contact_Organization: Oregon State University Contact_Position: Assistant Professor Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University City: Corvallis State_or_Province: OR Postal_Code: 97331-5506 Country: USA Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 541-737-1239 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu SMMS_Contact_Email_Hyperlinked: false Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT Distribution_Liability: Users must assume liability to determine the appropriate use of these data. This data set is not to be used for legal purposes. The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washington State Department of Ecology should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Please contact the Washington State Department of Ecology for more detailed information if required. Standard_Order_Process: Fees: May involve cost recovery for production of CD-ROM. Please contact Peter Ruggiero for additional information and report availability. Ordering_Instructions: Contact Peter Ruggiero at Oregon State University. SMMS_Distribution_Type: 1 Custom_Order_Process: Please contact Peter Ruggiero at Oregon State University for ordering information, or view the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study Internet site at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/swces/index.htm for data download information. Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20060419 Time_of_Day: Unknown Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20060419 Metadata_Review_Date: 20060419 Metadata_Future_Review_Date: Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter Ruggiero Contact_Organization: Oregon State University Contact_Position: Assistant Professor Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Department of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Oregon State University City: Corvallis State_or_Province: OR Postal_Code: 97331-5506 Country: USA Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 541-737-1239 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu SMMS_Contact_Email_Hyperlinked: false Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST/PDT Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified