Data Series 283
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Data Series 283
Table 3. Statistical summary of the concentration of major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and isotopes in spring samples, type of comparison threshold for drinking water and the corresponding threshold level, and threshold levels for freshwater aquatic life.
[Threshold levels are maximum permissible levels unless otherwise indicated (For example, the alkalinity CCC for freshwater aquatic life indicates that the alkalinity concentration should be greater than 20 mg/L as CaCO3; HA-L, lifetime health advisory (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006b); MCL-CA, California Department of Health Services Maximum Contaminant Level (California Department of Health Services, 2005); MCL-US, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006b); MCLtt-US, action level for treatment technique (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006b); SMCL-US, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006b); CCC, Criterion Continuous Concentration (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006c); CMC, Criterion Maximum Concentration (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006c); n/a, not applicable; E, value is estimated at or less than USGS reporting limit, or estimated flow rate; M, constituent detected but not quantified; gal/min, gallons per minute; µS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; >, greater than]
Constituent | Springs at Pinnacles National Monument | Drinking Water | Freshwater Aquatic Life | Maximum | Minimum | Median | Type of comparison threshold |
Threshold level | CMC | CCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field Parameters | |||||||||
Flow rate (gal/min) | E6.0 | E0.10 | 0.70 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) | 7.0 | 1.5 | 6.0 | n/a | n/a | (1) | (1) | ||
pH | 7.4 | 6.3 | 6.7 | SMCL-US | 6.5-8.5 | n/a | 6.5-9 | ||
Specific Conductance (µS/cm) | 497 | 171 | 297 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Temperature (°C) | 19.5 | 14.5 | 17.0 | n/a | n/a | (1) | (1) | ||
Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) | 196 | 30 | 92 | n/a | n/a | n/a | >20 | ||
Major Ions (mg/L) | |||||||||
Calcium | 40.8 | 9.37 | 21.9 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Magnesium | 3.35 | 0.257 | 2.47 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Potassium | 1.93 | 0.33 | 1.08 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Sodium | 79.5 | 19.9 | 35.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Bromide | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.09 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Chloride | 34.0 | 17.6 | 22.6 | SMCL-US | 250 | 860 | 230 | ||
Fluoride | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | MCL-CA | 2.0 | n/a | n/a | ||
Iodide | 0.009 | E0.001 | E0.002 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Silica | 89.1 | 23.2 | 77.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Sulfate | 43.1 | 4.7 | 6.0 | SMCL-US | 250 | n/a | n/a | ||
Residue on evaporation | 310 | 163 | 258 | SMCL-US | 500 | n/a | n/a | ||
Nutrients (mg/L) | |||||||||
Ammonia | 0.022 | E0.006 | E0.009 | HA-L | 30 | (1) | (1) | ||
Nitrite + Nitrate | 2.93 | <0.06 | 0.87 | SMCL-US | 10 (as N) | n/a | n/a | ||
Nitrite | 0.011 | <0.002 | <0.002 | SMCL-US | 1 (as N) | n/a | n/a | ||
Total Nitrogen | 2.86 | 0.29 | 0.93 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Orthophosphate | 0.521 | 0.010 | 0.218 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Phosphorus | 0.50 | <0.04 | 0.20 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Trace Elements (µg/L) | |||||||||
Aluminum | 16 | E1 | <2 | MCL-US | 1,000 | 750 | 87 | ||
Antimony | 0.32 | E0.11 | 0.21 | MCL-US | 6 | n/a | n/a | ||
Arsenic | 19.2 | 3.4 | 8.2 | MCL-US | 10 | 340 | 150 | ||
Barium | 8 | 2 | 5 | MCL-CA | 1,000 | n/a | n/a | ||
Beryllium | 0.24 | E0.05 | <0.06 | MCL-US | 4 | n/a | n/a | ||
Boron | 56 | 19 | 23 | HA-L | 1,000 | n/a | n/a | ||
Cadmium | <0.04 | <0.04 | <0.04 | MCL-US | 5 | 2 | 0.25 | ||
Chromium [total/VI](III/VI) | 0.10 | E0.03 | 0.06 | MCL-CA | [50/1] | (570/16) | (74/11) | ||
Cobalt | 0.097 | E0.031 | 0.056 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Copper | 1.5 | E0.2E | <0.4 | MCLtt-US | 1,300 | 13 | 9 | ||
Iron | 63 | E4 | <6 | SMCL-US | 300 | n/a | 1000 | ||
Lead | 0.31 | E0.05 | <0.08 | MCLtt-US | 15 | 65 | 2.5 | ||
Lithium | 158 | 7.1 | 65.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Manganese | 8.4 | E0.1 | 2.5 | SMCL-US | 50 | n/a | n/a | ||
Molybdenum | 3.1 | E0.2 | E0.4 | HA-L | 40 | n/a | n/a | ||
Nickel | 0.85 | 0.21 | 0.50 | MCL-CA | 100 | 470 | 52 | ||
Selenium | 1.9 | 0.09 | 0.26 | MCL-US | 50 | n/a | 5 | ||
Silver | <0.2 | <0.2 | <0.2 | HA-L | 100 | 3.2 | n/a | ||
Strontium | 664 | 85.7 | 214 | HA-L | 4,000 | n/a | n/a | ||
Thallium | <0.04 | <0.04 | <0.04 | MCL-US | 2 | n/a | n/a | ||
Uranium | 23.8 | 0.16 | 2.86 | MCL-US | 30 | n/a | n/a | ||
Vanadium | 1.6 | E0.06 | 0.31 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Zinc | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | SMCL-US | 5,000 | 120 | 120 | ||
Stable Isotopes (per mil) | |||||||||
Deuterium/Protium ratio | –51.30 | –59.10 | –56.40 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
18O/16O ratio | –7.45 | –8.67 | –8.42 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
Radioisotopes (pCi/L) | |||||||||
Tritium | 2.2 | M | 0.6 | MCL-CA | 20,000 | n/a | n/a |