Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: 1996
Title: ds402_DRGtopos
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: USGS Digital Raster Graphics
Issue_Identification: Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs) are scanned color images of USGS topographic maps.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Larger_Work_Citation
Citation_Information
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: 1996
Title: Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs)
Publication_Information
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Earth Science Information Centers (ESIC) offer nationwide
information and sales service for USGS map products and earth science publications.
For additional information, contact any USGS Earth Science Information Center (ESIC),
or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.
Online_Linkage: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/
Description:
Abstract:
A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of a U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map. The scanned image
includes all map collar information. The image inside the map
neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the Earth. The DRG
can be used to collect, review, and revise other digital data,
especially digital line graphs (DLG). When the DRG is combined
with other digital products, such as digital orthophoto quadrangles
(DOQ) or digital elevation models (DEM), the resulting image
provides additional visual information for the extraction and
revision of base cartographic information. The USGS is producing
DRG's of the 1:24,000-,1:24,000/1:25,000-, 1:63,360- (Alaska),
1:100,000-, and 1:250,000-scale topographic map series.
Purpose:
The DRG is used for validating DLGs
and for DLG data collection and revision. The DRG can help assess
the completeness of digital data from other mapping agencies.
It also can be used to produce "hybrid" products. These "hybrids" include
combined DRGs and DOQs for revising and collecting digital data,
DRGs and DEMs for creating shaded-relief DRGs, and
combinations of DRG, DOQ, and DLG data. Although a standard DRG
is an effective mapping tool, full potential of a DRG for digital
production is realized in combination with other digital data.
Supplemental_Information:
DRG data on CD-ROM are being produced
by the USGS through an Innovative
Partnership agreement with The Land Information Technology
Company, Ltd., of Aurora, Colorado. This series includes DRGs of
USGS standard series quadrangle maps of the United States, and
Trusts and Territories.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1996
Ending_Date: Present
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.7333
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -067.9500
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.3833
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.5333
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: digital elevation model
Theme_Keyword: DEM
Theme_Keyword: digital terrain model
Theme_Keyword: contour line
Theme_Keyword: digital contours
Theme_Keyword: DOQ
Theme_Keyword: digital orthophoto
Theme_Keyword: digital orthophotoquad
Theme_Keyword: digital image map
Theme_Keyword: aerial photograph
Theme_Keyword: paper map
Theme_Keyword: map
Theme_Keyword: digital line graph
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Public Land Survey System
Theme_Keyword: hydrography
Theme_Keyword: transportation
Theme_Keyword: hydrography
Theme_Keyword: topographic
Theme_Keyword: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Theme_Keyword: scanner
Theme_Keyword: raster
Theme_Keyword: digital image
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1977, Countries, dependencies,
areas of special sovereignty, and principal administrative divisions
(Federal Information Processing Standard 10-3): Washington, D.C., National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
Place_Keyword: US
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: FIPS codes for states covered
Place_Keyword: Puerto Rico
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: true ground conditions
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated
in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 07:30am - 4:15pm Central Time
Contact_Instructions: <URL:http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/eros-home.html>
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The DRG uses a standard palette to ensure uniform color throughout
a particular map series. The RGB values for a particular color,
therefore, will remain consistent throughout that DRG series.
Although the color values of the DRG may sometimes match those of
the paper source map, a user will usually notice small differences
between the colors on the digital image and on the paper map.
Also, the quality of the user's monitor affects the DRG color
displayed. Although the DRG generally contains the complete content
of the source map, features may occasionally be blurred because of
substandard source materials. The DRG also may contain misclassified
pixels (color noise). The DRG is an 8-bit color image that employs a
color palette to ensure uniform colors throughout a particular DRG
series. All DRGs in a series must have the same RGB value.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The USGS DRG is produced with the intention of replicating as close as
possible the original source map. Users of the DRG will note, however,
that a certain amount of "noise" can be discerned when small areas are
blown up or viewed under zoomed-in conditions. This noise is in the form
of random specks or pixels of color and halos because of any number of factors,
such as, the quality of the source, the use of screens and patterns on the
litho, and the unevenness of ink because of saturation and absorption.
Discontinuities or breaks in linear features also may be present and are
because of improper calibration or usage of the scanner, the condition of the
source, and resampling. Descreening, quantizing, and noise filtering are
methods used to reduce noise, which, besides creating a more aesthetically
pleasing image, have the added benefit of reducing the size of the image
file. Removal of lithographic screen patterns is preferred but not required.
Completeness_Report:
Image completeness is checked by visually inspecting a sampling of DRGs.
Each selected DRG will be examined for gaps (missing data) in the main
body of the map, the map collar, the overedge areas, and any insets.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
A random sampling of DRGs will be accuracy tested. The accuracy test
will be performed by comparing the positions of Universal Transverse Mercator
grid intersections on the source graphic against the corresponding location
on the digital image. A visual inspection will determine whether those
coordinates fall in the pixels that define a grid tick. DRGs duplicate
the horizontal accuracy of the source.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
In the DRG the vertical positional accuracy is referenced in the DRG collar.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 0000
Title: USGS Topographic maps
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Other_Citation_Details:
The source for DRGs are the standard quadrangle format USGS topographic
maps as described in the Federal Geographic Data Committee "Manual of
Federal Geographic Data Products." The sources include 1:20,000-, 1:24,000-,
1:25,000-, 1:30,000-, 1:63,360-, 1:100,000- and 1:250,000-scale
topographic maps. Included in the 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale series
are provisional maps and color orthophotomaps.
Type_of_Source_Media: paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 0000
Ending_Date: present
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Topo
Source_Contribution:
The standard area of coverage of a DRG is the entire area printed on a
USGS standard series topographic map including the map collar, any
overedge areas, and insets. These standard series maps include:
7.5-minute map series: Conterminous United States, Hawaii, and limited
areas of Alaska at 1:24,000 and 1:25,000 scale.
7.5- by 15-minute map series: Covers limited areas of the conterminous
United States at 1:25,000 scale.
30- by 60-minute map series: Conterminous United States
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Production of a DRG begins with the scanning of a paper 7.5-minute
topographic map (map1) on a high-resolution scanner. Scanning resolutions
range from 500-1,000 dots per inch with an output file of 160-300 Megabyte in size.
Removal of screens (descreening) and color quantization to reduce the
number of colors also takes place during the scanning phase.
The raw scan file is then transformed and georeferenced by using UTM
coordinates of the sixteen 2.5-minute grid ticks, which are obtained by
using the in-house produced program COORDAT and stored in a ground
control file. Those sixteen 2.5-minute ticks are interactively visited
and assigned respective UTM coordinates. The USGS program XSHAPES4
then performs a piecewise linear rubber sheet transformation.
An output resolution of 2.4 meters (8.2 feet) is chosen to resample the
file to 250 dpi. The image file is converted to a TIFF 6.0 image and
further reduced by converting the file to a run length encoded PackBits
compression (type 32773).
The color palette of the compressed DRG is then standardized by replacing
the original RGB values assigned during the scanning process with standard
RGB value combinations using the in-house produced TIFFREMAP program.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: map1
Process_Date: 0000
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Rolla-ESIC U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Rd., MS231
City: Rolla
State_or_Province: Missouri
Postal_Code: 65401-2602
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-308-3577
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-308-3652
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: esic@mcmcmail.er.usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions: <URL: <http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/drg/>
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 6890
Column_Count: 4992
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Each raster entity or pixel contains a digital number from 0 through
12 referencing a color palette of RGB values from 0 through 255 in
which the standard colors used in the DRG are defined.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Standards for Digital Raster Graphic.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Contact_Person: Customer Services
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Customer Services U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 7:30am - 4:00pm Central Time
Contact_Instructions:
Automated Ordering. Your order is forwarded to Customer Services
at the U.S. Geological Surveys EROS Data Center. A Customer
Services Representative contacts you to discuss your order and
your mrthod of payment.
Manual Ordering. Write down the ordering ID(s) for your item(s).
Contact Customer Services between the hours of 8:00am and 4:00pm,
Central Time.
Resource_Description:
DRG CD-R
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer
system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the
USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the
act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS will warrant
the delivery of this product in computer-readable format and will offer
appropriate adjustment of credit when the product is determined unreadable
by correctly adjusted computer input peripherals, or when the physical
medium is delivered in damaged condition. Requests for adjustment of credit
must be made within 90 days from the date of this shipment from the ordering
site.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
Format_Version_Number: version 6.0
Format_Specification:
Download WinCATS USGS DRG and DLG-O & DRG viewing software available
from USGS.
Format_Information_Content:
To facilitate file manipulation by the widest possible range of
potential users, data and text files on the CD-ROM conform to the
DOS "eight plus three" (8.3) filenaming convention.
The associated DRG image (.TIF), world (.TFW), and metadata (.FGD)
files incorporate an intelligent dataset name consisting of
descriptive metadata wrapped around a standardized kernel that
describes the spatial location of the file. The intent of this
filenaming protocol is to positively identify the spatial identity of
the file and describe the categoric identity.
The DSN is designed to geographically locate DRGs of quadrangles
using the 7.5-minute grid, clearly identifying those that fall
exactly on the grid. DRGs that are not aligned with the 7.5-minute
grid can be named with this convention but additional consideration
is required to relate these undersize, oversize, or offset quadrangles
to the most logical and unique 7.5-minute grid location.
File_Decompression_Technique: PackBits
Transfer_Size: 5 to 15 megabytes.
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: CD-ROM
Recording_Format: ISO 9660
Compatibility_Information: None
Fees:
The current costs are available at:
<URL:http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/order_info/prices#DRG_CD>
DRG file size may necessitate distribution on multiple CD-ROMs
Ordering_Instructions:
Dataset searching and ordering capabilities are available through
the Global Land Information System (GLIS) at:
<URL:http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/webglis>
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19970904
Metadata_Review_Date: 19970904
Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 19971230
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Customer Services U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-658
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 07:00am - 4:15pm Central Time
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None