ds402_landuse

Metadata also available as

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Publication_Date: 20000914
Title: ds402_landuse
Edition: 1
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <http://www.mrlc.gov/>
Description:
Abstract:
These data can be used in a geographic information system (GIS) for any number of purposes such as assessing wildlife habitat, water quality, pesticide runoff, and land-use change. The State datasets are provided with a 300-meter buffer beyond the State border to faciliate combining the State files into larger regions.
The user must have a firm understanding of how the datasets were compiled and the resulting limitations of these data. The National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) was compiled from Landsat satellite Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery (circa 1992) with a spatial resolution of 30 meters and supplemented by various ancillary data (where available). The analysis and interpretation of the satellite imagery was conducted by using very large, sometimes multistate image mosaics (such as up to 18 Landsat scenes). by using a relatively small number of aerial photographs for "ground truth", the thematic interpretations were necessarily conducted from a spatially-broad perspective. Furthermore, the accuracy assessments (see Attribute Accuracy) correspond to "federal regions" that are groupings of contiguous states. Thus, the reliability of the data is greatest at the state or multistate level. The statistical accuracy of the data is known only for the region.
Important Caution Advisory
With this in mind, users are cautioned to carefully scrutinize the data to see if these data are of sufficient reliability before attempting to use the dataset for larger-scale or local analyses. This evaluation must be made remembering that the NLCD represents conditions in the early 1990s.
The Oklahoma part of the NLCD was created as part of land-cover mapping activities for Federal Region VI, which includes the States of Texas, New Mexico, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Louisiana. The NLCD classification contains 21 different land-cover categories with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The NLCD was produced as a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to produce a consistent, land-cover data layer for the conterminous United States by using early 1990s Landsat TM data purchased by the Multi-resolution Land Characterization (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies that produce or use land-cover data. Partners include, but not limited to, the USGS (National Mapping, Biological Resources, and Water Resources Divisions), USEPA, the U.S. Forest Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Purpose:
The main objective of this project was to generate a generalized and nationally consistent land-cover data layer for the entire conterminous United States. These data can be used as a layer in a geographic information system (GIS) for any number of purposes such assessing wildlife habitat, water quality, pesticide runoff, and land use change.
Supplemental_Information:
The land-cover data files are provided as a "Geo-TIFF". The land-cover datasets are single band raster images. The X/Y corner coordinates (projection coordinates, center of pixel) for Oklahoma are: Upper Left Corner: -621210/1573800 meters, Lower Right Corner: -141600/1172790 meters.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1987
Ending_Date: 1993
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -98.026688
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -96.000268
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.016831
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.983061
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Land Use/Land Cover
Theme_Keyword: Land Management
Theme_Keyword: Land Resources
Theme_Keyword: EDC
Theme_Keyword: EPA
Theme_Keyword: EROS
Theme_Keyword: Imagery
Theme_Keyword: Land Characterization
Theme_Keyword: Land Cover
Theme_Keyword: Landsat
Theme_Keyword: MRLC
Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing
Theme_Keyword: Satellite
Theme_Keyword: Space Imaging
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
Department of Commerce, 1977, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions (Federal Information Processing Standard 10-3):Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: United States of America
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying areas of the United States and associated areas Federal Information Processing Standard 5-20; Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
Place_Keyword: OK
Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:
None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: CUSTSERV@EDCMAIL.CR.USGS.GOV
Data_Set_Credit:
This work was performed by the Raytheon STX Corporation under U.S. Geological Survey Contract 1434-92-C-40004.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
An accuracy assessment is done on all NLCD on a Federal Region basis following a revision cycle that incorporates feedback from MRLC partners and affiliated users. The accuracy assessments are conducted by private sector vendors under contract to the USEPA. A protocol has been established by the USGS and USEPA that incorporates a two-stage, geographically stratified cluster sampling plan (Zhu and others, 2000) utilizing National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) photographs as the sampling frame and the basic sampling unit. In this design a NAPP photograph is defined as a first stage or primary sampling unit (PSU), and a sampled pixel in each PSU is treated as a second stage or secondary sampling unit (SSU).
PSUs are selected from a sampling grid based on NAPP flight-lines and photo centers, each grid cell measures 15' X 15' (minutes of latitude/longitude) and consists of 32 NHAP photographs. A geographically stratified random sampling is performed with one NAPP photograph being randomly selected from each cell (geographic strata), if a sampled photograph falls outside of the regional boundary it is not used. Second stage sampling is accomplished by selecting SSUs (pixels) in each PSU (NAPP photograph) to provide the actual locations for the reference land-cover classification.
The SSUs are manually interpreted and misclassification errors are estimated and described by by using a traditional error matrix as well as a number of measures including the overall proportion of pixels correctly classified, user's and producer's accuracies, and omission and commission error probabilities.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
An unsupervised classification algorithm was used to classify the mosaicked multiple leaf-off TM scenes. Aerial photographs were used to interpret and label classes into land cover categories and ancillary data sources resolved the class confusion. Further land- cover information from leaf-on TM data, NWI data, and other sources were incorporated to refine and augment the "basic" classification.
Completeness_Report: All photo-interpretable data are mapped.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Each Landsat Thematic Mapper image used to create the NLCD was precision terrain-corrected by by using 3-arc-second digital terrain elevation data (DTED), and georegistered by by using ground-control points. This resulted in a root mean square registration error of less than 1 pixel (30 meters).
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920323
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image1
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920323
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image2
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920307
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image3
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/037
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920307
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image4
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19930314
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image5
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920314
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image6
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920314
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image7
Source_Contribution:
The image provided the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/037
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920314
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image8
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 028/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19880427
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image9
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 028/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19930308
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image10
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 028/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19930308
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image11
Source_Contribution:
The image provdes the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 029/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
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Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image12
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 029/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
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Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image13
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 029/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19870331
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image14
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 030/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920404
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image15
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 030/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19881002
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image16
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 031/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920427
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image17
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 031/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19900913
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image18
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920814
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Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image19
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19900825
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image20
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
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Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image21
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 026/037
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
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Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image22
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
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Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image23
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
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Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image24
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19910803
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image25
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 027/037
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
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Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image26
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 028/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
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Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image27
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 028/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
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Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image28
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM scene
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 028/016
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920508
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image29
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 029/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920817
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image30
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
Publisher:
EROS Data Center U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 029/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19880504
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image31
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 029/036
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19920803
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image32
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 030/034
Type_of_Source_Media: remote-sensing image
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19910808
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image33
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 030/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19881002
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image34
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
EROS Data Center Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 031/034
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital image
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19910730
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image35
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: Landsat TM image
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
EROS Data Center Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details: Path/Row 031/035
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19900913
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image36
Source_Contribution:
The image provides the base from which the land cover classification is determined.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Land-Cover Characterization: The project is being carried out on the basis of 10 Federal Regions that make up the conterminous United States; each region is composed of multiple states; each region is processed in subregional units that are limited to the area covered by no more than 18 Landsat TM scenes. The general NLCD procedure is to: (1) mosaic subregional TM scenes and classify these scenes by using an unsupervised clustering algorithm, (2) interpret and label the clusters/classes by using aerial photographs as reference data, (3) resolve the labeling of confused clusters/classes by using the appropriate ancillary data source(s), and (4) incorporate land-cover information from other datasets and perform manual edits to augment and refine the "basic" classification developed.
Two seasonally distinct TM mosaics are produced, a leaves-on version (summer) and a leaves-off (spring/autumnl) version. TM bands 3, 4, 5, and 7 are mosaicked for both the leaves-on and leaves-off versions. For mosaick purposes, a base scene is selected for each mosaic, and the other scenes are adjusted to mimic spectral properties of the base scene by using histogram matching in regions of spatial overlap. Following mosaicking, either the leaves-off version or leaves-on version Is selected to be the "base" for the land cover mapping process. The 4 TM bands of the "base" mosaic are clustered to produce a single 100- class image by using an unsupervised clustering algorithm. Each of the spectrally distinct clusters/classes is then assigned to one or more Anderson level 1 and 2 land-cover classes by using National High Altitude Photography program and NAPP aerial photographs as a reference. Almost invariably, individual spectral clusters/classes are confused between two or more land-cover classes.
Separation of the confused spectral clusters/classes into appropriate NLCD class is accomplished by using ancillary data layers. Standard ancillary data layers include: the "nonbase" mosaic TM bands and 100- class cluster image; derived TM normalized vegetation index, various TM band ratios, TM date bands; 3-arc second Digital Terrain Elevation Data and derived slope, aspect and shaded relief; population and housing density data; USGS land use and land cover; and National Wetlands Inventory data, if available. Other ancillary data sources may include soils data, unique state or regional land-cover datasets, or data from other federal programs such as the National Gap Analysis Program of the USGS Biological Resources Division. For a given confused spectral cluster/class, digital values of the various ancillary data layers are compared to determine: (1) which data layers are the most effective for splitting the confused cluster/class into the appropriate NLCD class, and (2) the appropriate layer thresholds for making the split(s). Models are then developed by using one to several ancillary data layers to split the confused cluster/class into the NLCD class. For example, a population density threshold is used to separate high-intensity residential areas from commercial/industrial/transportation. Or a cluster/class might be confused between row crop and grasslands. To split this particular cluster/class, a TM normalized vegetation index threshold might be identified and used with an elevation threshold in a class-splitting model to make the appropriate NLCD class assignments. A purely spectral example is by using the temporally opposite TM layers to discriminate confused cluster/classes such as hay pasture vs. row crops and deciduous forests vs. evergreen forests; simple thresholds that contrast the seasonal differences in vegetation between leaves-on vs. leaves-off.
Not all cluster/class confusion can be successfully modeled out. Certain classes such as urban/recreational grasses or quarries/strip mines/gravel pits that are not spectrally unique require manual editing. These class features are typically visually identified and then reclassified by using on-screen digitizing and recoding. Other classes such as wetlands require the use of specific datasets such as NWI to provide the most accurate classification. Areas lacking NWI data are typically subset out and modeling is used to estimate wetlands in these localized areas. The final NLCD product results from the classification (interpretation and labeling) of the 100-class "base" cluster mosaic by using both automated and manual processes, incorporating both spectral and conditional data layers. For a more detailed explanation please see Vogelmann and others, 1998a and Vogelmann and others, 1998b.
Discussion:
While the authors believe that the approach taken has yielded a very good general land cover classification product for the nation, it is important to indicate to the user where there might be some potential problems. The biggest concerns are listed below:
1) Some of the TM datasets are not temporally ideal. Leaves-off datasets are heavily relied upon for discriminating between hay/pasture and row crop, and also for discriminating between forest classes. The success of discriminating between these classes by using leaves-off datasets hinges on the time of data acquisition. When hay/pasture areas are nongreen, these areas are not easily distinguishable from other agricultural areas by using remotely sensed data. However, there is a temporal window during which hay and pasture areas green up before most other vegetation (excluding evergreens, which have different spectral properties); during this window these areas are easily distinguishable from other crop areas. The discrimination between hay/pasture and deciduous forest is likewise optimized by selecting data in a temporal window where deciduous vegetation has yet to leaf out. Single-date of imagery (leaves-on or leaves-off) is difficult to acquire so that adequately differentiates between both deciduous/hay and pasture and hay pasture/row crop.
2) The datasets used cover a range of years (see data sources), and changes that have taken place across the landscape over the time period may not have been captured. While this is not viewed as a major problem for most classes, possibly some land-cover features change more rapidly than might be expected (for example, hay one year, row crop the next).
3) Wetlands classes are extremely difficult to extract from Landsat TM spectral information alone. The use of ancillary information such as NWI data are highly desirable. The authors relied on the National Gap Analysis Program and USGS Land Use and Land Cover, or proximity to streams and rivers as well as spectral data to delineate wetlands in areas without NWI data.
4) Separation of natural grass and shrub is problematic. Areas observed on the ground to be shrub or grass are not always distinguishable spectrally. Likewise, there was often disagreement between National Gap Analysis Program and USGS Land Use and Land Cover on these classes.
Acknowledgments
This work was performed under contract the U.S. Geological Survey (Contract 1434-CR-97-CN-40274).
References
More detailed information on the methodologies and techniques employed In this work can be found in the following:
Kelly, P.M., and White, J.M., 1993, Preprocessing remotely sensed data for efficient analysis and classification, Applications of Artificial Intelligence 1993: Knowledge-Based Systems in Aerospace and Industry, Proceeding of SPIE, 1993, p. 24-30.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe, 1979, Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States, Fish and Wildlife Service: U.S. Department of the Interior.
Vogelmann, J.E., Sohl, T., and Howard, S.M., 1998a, Regional Characterization of Land Cover by using Multiple Sources of Data: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, v. 64, no. 1, p. 45-57.
Vogelmann, J.E., Sohl, T., Campbell, P.V., and Shaw, D.M., 1998b, Regional Land Cover Characterization by using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data and Ancillary Data Sources: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 51, p. 415-428.
Zhu, Z., Yang, L., Stehman, S., and Czaplewski, R., 1999, Designing an Accuracy Assessment for USGS Regional Land Cover Mapping Program: Photogrametric Engineering & Remote Sensing, v.66, no.12, p.1425-1435.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat thematic mapper (TM)
Process_Date: 20000914
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6551
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: CUSTSERV@EDCMAIL.CR.USGS.GOV
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
State-wide dataset clipped to extent of ds402_geology shapefile.
Process_Date: 20080520
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Shana Mashburn
Contact_Position: Hydrologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 202 NW 66th St., Bldg.#7
City: Oklahoma City
State_or_Province: Oklahoma
Postal_Code: 73116
Country: United States of America
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 405-810-4400
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Row_Count: 3793
Column_Count: 6035
Vertical_Count: 1
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Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
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Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
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Entity_Type_Label: ds402_landuse.vat
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Rowid
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
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Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VALUE
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COUNT
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
NOTE - All classes may NOT be represented in a specific state dataset. The class number represents the digital value of the class in the dataset.
Water 11 Open Water 12 Perennial Ice/Snow
Developed 21 Low Intensity Residential 22 High Intensity Residential 23 Commercial/Industrial/Transportation
Barren 31 Bare Rock/Sand/Clay 32 Quarries/Strip Mines/Gravel Pits 33 Transitional
Vegetated; Natural Forested Upland 41 Deciduous Forest 42 Evergreen Forest 43 Mixed Forest
Shrubland 51 Shrubland
Non-natural Woody 61 Orchards/Vineyards/Other
Herbaceous Upland 71 Grasslands/Herbaceous
Herbaceous Planted/Cultivated 81 Pasture/Hay 82 Row Crops 83 Small Grains 84 Fallow 85 Urban/Recreational Grasses
Wetlands 91 Woody Wetlands 92 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands
NLCD Land Cover Classification System Land Cover Class Definitions:
Water - all areas of open water or permanent ice/snow cover.
11. Open Water - areas of open water, generally with less than 25 percent or greater cover of water (per pixel).
12. Perennial Ice/Snow - all areas characterized by year-long cover of ice and/or snow.
Developed - areas characterized by high percentage (about 30 percent or greater) of constructed materials (for example, asphalt, concrete, or buildings).
21. Low Intensity Residential - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Constructed materials account for 30-80 percent of the cover. Vegetation may account for 20 to 70 percent of the cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. Population densities will be lower than in high intensity residential areas.
22. High Intensity Residential - Includes heavily built-up urban centers where people reside in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes and row houses. Vegetation accounts for less than 20 percent of the cover. Constructed materials account for 80-100 percent of the cover.
23. Commercial/Industrial/Transportation - Includes infrastructure (for example, roads or railroads) and all highways and all developed areas not classified as High Intensity Residential.
Barren - Areas characterized by bare rock, gravel, sand, silt, clay, or other earthen material, with little or no "green" vegetation present regardless of the inherent ability to support life. Vegetation, if present, is more widely spaced and scrubby than that in the "green"vegetated categories; lichen cover may be extensive.
31. Bare Rock/Sand/Clay - Perennially barren areas of bedrock, desert, pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, and other accumulations of earthen material.
32. Quarries/Strip Mines/Gravel Pits - Areas of extractive mining activities with substantial surface expression.
33. Transitional - Areas of sparse vegetative cover (less than 25 percent that are dynamically changing from one land cover to another, often because of land-use activities. Examples include forest clearcuts, a transition phase between forest and agricultural land, the temporary clearing of vegetation, and changes because of natural causes (for example, fire or flood).
Forested Upland - Areas characterized by tree cover (natural or seminatural woody vegetation, generally greater than 6-meters tall); Tree canopy accounts for 25-100 percent of the cover.
41. Deciduous Forest - Areas dominated by trees where 75 percent or more of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change.
42. Evergreen Forest - Areas characterized by trees where 75 percent or more of the tree species maintain leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
43. Mixed Forest - Areas dominated by trees where neither deciduous nor evergreen species represent more than 75 percent of the cover present.
Shrubland - Areas characterized by natural or seminatural woody vegetation with aerial stems, generally less than 6-meters tall with individuals or clumps not touching to interlocking. Both evergreen and deciduous species of true shrubs, young trees, and trees or shrubs that are small or stunted because of environmental conditions are included.
51. Shrubland - Areas dominated by shrubs; shrub canopy accounts for 25-100 percent of the cover. Shrub cover is generally greater than 25 percent when tree cover is less than 25 percent. Shrub cover may be less than 25 percent in cases when the cover of other life forms (for example, herbaceous or tree) is less than 25 percent and shrubs cover exceeds the cover of the other life forms.
Non-natural Woody - Areas dominated by non-natural woody vegetation; non-natural woody vegetative canopy accounts for 25-100 percent of the cover. The non-natural woody classification is subject to the availability of sufficient ancillary data to differentiate non-natural woody vegetation from natural woody vegetation.
61. Orchards/Vineyards/Other - Orchards, vineyards, and other areas planted or maintained for the production of fruits, nuts, berries, or ornamentals.
Herbaceous Upland - Upland areas characterized by natural or seminatural herbaceous vegetation; herbaceous vegetation accounts for 75-100 percent of the cover.
71. Grasslands/Herbaceous - Areas dominated by upland grasses and forbs. In rare cases, herbaceous cover is less than 25 percent, but exceeds the combined cover of the woody species present. These areas are not subject to intensive management, but are often utilized for grazing.
Planted/Cultivated - Areas characterized by herbaceous vegetation that has been planted or is intensively managed for the production of food, feed, or fiber; or is maintained in developed settings for specific purposes. Herbaceous vegetation accounts for 75-100 percent of the cover.
81. Pasture/Hay - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops.
82. Row Crops - Areas used for the production of crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton.
83. Small Grains - Areas used for the production of graminoid crops such as wheat, barley, oats, and rice
84. Fallow - Areas used for the production of crops that are temporarily barren or with sparse vegetative cover as a result of being tilled in a management practice that incorporates prescribed alternation between cropping and tillage.
85. Urban/Recreational Grasses - Vegetation (primarily grasses) planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes. Examples include parks, lawns, golf courses, airport grasses, and industrial site grasses.
Wetlands - Areas where the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water as defined by Cowardin and others, 1979.
91. Woody Wetlands - Areas where forest or shrubland vegetation accounts for 25-100 percent of the cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
92. Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for 75-100 percent of the cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: NLCD Regional Land Cover Classification System Key Rev. 11/98
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6551
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Resource_Description: South Carolina Land Cover
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warrenty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warrenty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Information_Content:
GeoTIFF is a standard for storing georeference and geocoding information in a TIFF 6.0 compliant raster file (uncompressed).
Transfer_Size: 8.401
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)
Recording_Format: ISO 9660
Fees:
Current prices for the GEOTIFF NLCD datasets on CD-ROM are subject to change. Call 1-888-ASK-USGS for current prices or refer to <http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/helpdocs/prices.html>.
Ordering_Instructions:
NLCD data may be obtained in the following ways:
1. Contacting the nearest Digital Cartographic Data Business Partner (GeoTIFF CD-ROM products only). A list of the Business Partners is available at: <http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/partners/bpmain.html>; 2. Calling 1-888-ASK-USGS 3. Ordering online via the USGS Global Land Information System at: <http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/Webglis/> Users of the Global Land Information System should search under the Land Cover category. 4. Visiting and ordering online through the NLCD availability page at: <http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/programs/lccp/mrlcreg.html>
Technical_Prerequisites:
Geo-TIFF viewing software. Some examples are ESRIs ARC/EXPLORER and USGSs Digital Data Viewer (DLGV32). The DLGV32 viewer is available free for download at the MidContinent Mapping Center web site (<http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/>). Digital image processing software or geographic information system software is required to analyze or otherwise manipulate the data.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20081210
Metadata_Contact:
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Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center
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Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: South Dakota
Postal_Code: 57198
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6551
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
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Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
Generated by mp version 2.9.6 on Mon Dec 15 16:14:34 2008