Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Church, Stanley E. Originator: Fey, David L. Originator: Wanty, Richard B. Originator: Verplanck, Philip L. Originator: San Juan, Carma A. Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Results of Geochemical Modeling Using the PHREEQC Program, Central Colorado Assessment Project Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Data Series Issue_Identification: DS-614 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: "PHREEQC_Output" is the ArcGIS feature class name (file name). Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/614 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Church, Stanley E. Originator: San Juan, Carma A. Originator: Fey, David L. Originator: Schmidt, Travis S. Originator: Klein,Terry L. Originator: DeWitt, Ed H. Originator: Wanty, Richard B. Originator: Verplanck, Philip L. Originator: Mitchell, Katharine A. Originator: Adams, Monique G. Originator: Choate, LaDonna M. Originator: Todorov, Todor I. Originator: Rockwell, Barnaby W. Originator: McEachron, Luke Originator: Anthony, Michael W. Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Geospatial database for regional environmental assessment of central Colorado Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Data Series Issue_Identification: DS-614 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/614 Description: Abstract: This digital dataset contains the results of numerical modeling of solution-mineral equilibria for 322 water samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from July 2004 - September 2007 for the Central Colorado Assessment Project (CCAP) environmental assessment. Numerical modeling of geochemical processes was used to characterize overall water geochemistry and to evaluate water-rock reactions. For each water sample, the distribution of aqueous species and the saturation states for minerals that may be present in the water-rock system was calculated using the USGS computer program PHREEQC. The saturation state, or Saturation Index (SI), expressed as SI = log (IAP/K) where IAP is the ion activity product and K is the equilibrium constant for a given mineral adjusted for sample temperature, was calculated. Positive SI values indicate a tendency for a mineral to precipitate from solution; negative SI values indicate a tendency for dissolution of a mineral in contact with the water, and a SI value of 0 denotes that the water is in equilibrium with the mineral. While SI indicates a tendency for these reactions to occur, it does not imply that dissolution or precipitation is actually occurring. The calculation of SI did not consider kinetic effects, which may be particularly important in some cases. Samples collected in the study area, a 20,800 square mile (53,800 square kilometers) region of central Colorado, were from watersheds selected for specific geologic conditions and (or) the presence or absence of mining activity. About 20 percent of the watersheds were sampled more than once to evaluate annual variations or sample collection bias. Purpose: Points in this dataset represent the field locations where 322 stream-water samples were collected. Chemical constituents in water samples were analyzed by different techniques and results were used as input to the PHREEQC numerical model. PHREEQC calculated the distribution of aqueous species, along with the state of saturation of each water sample with respect to a variety of commonly occurring rock-forming minerals. Model results were used to evaluate whether rocks and waters have reacted thoroughly, and to predict what the water chemistry might be after water-rock reactions have continued. Supplemental_Information: The USGS conducted the Central Colorado Assessment Project (CCAP) from 2003 to 2008 to provide Federal, State, and local land management entities geoscience information to address issues related to urbanization of the Colorado Front Range Urban Corridor. Rapid population growth along the Front Range and in the CCAP region, which encompasses about 20,800 square miles (53,800 square kilometers) of central Colorado between the New Mexico and Wyoming borders (37 - 41 degrees north latitude), and from west of Denver to east of Vail, Colorado (approximately 104.8 - 106.625 degrees west longitude), has caused tremendous demand for natural resources and has created challenging land-management issues related to the wilderness/urban interface expansion. Regional CCAP data, including geologic, geochemical, geophysical, biological, and remote sensing data, were compiled to assess the availability of mineral resources; the geo-environmental effects of historical mining and wildfires; geologic controls on groundwater resources; and hazards such as landslides and flooding. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2004 Ending_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -106.653847 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -104.863719 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.989098 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.725228 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: water chemistry Theme_Keyword: sediment geochemistry Theme_Keyword: historical mining effects Theme_Keyword: benthic macroinvertebrate Theme_Keyword: geochemical modeling Theme_Keyword: PHREEQC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Arapaho National Forest Place_Keyword: Gunnison National Forest Place_Keyword: Pike National Forest Place_Keyword: Rio Grande National Forest Place_Keyword: Roosevelt National Forest Place_Keyword: Routt National Forest Place_Keyword: San Isabel National Forest Place_Keyword: White River National Forest Place_Keyword: Great Sand Dunes National Park Place_Keyword: Rocky Mountain National Park Place_Keyword: Alamosa County Place_Keyword: Boulder County Place_Keyword: Chaffee County Place_Keyword: Clear Creek County Place_Keyword: Conejos County Place_Keyword: Costilla County Place_Keyword: Custer County Place_Keyword: Douglas County Place_Keyword: Eagle County Place_Keyword: El Paso County Place_Keyword: Fremont County Place_Keyword: Gilpin County Place_Keyword: Grand County Place_Keyword: Gunnison County Place_Keyword: Huerfano County Place_Keyword: Jackson County Place_Keyword: Jefferson County Place_Keyword: Lake County Place_Keyword: Larimer County Place_Keyword: Las Animas County Place_Keyword: Park County Place_Keyword: Pitkin County Place_Keyword: Pueblo County Place_Keyword: Saguache County Place_Keyword: Summit County Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard B. Wanty Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Research Chemist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Mail Stop 973 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1819 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-3200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rwanty@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Spatial data sets supporting the Central Colorado Assessment Project (CCAP) were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center (CMERSC) and the Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center (CGGSC) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey Geology and Environmental Change Science Center (GECSC), the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS), the Rocky Mountain Region U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS) and the National Park Service (NPS). Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3500 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Granitto, Matthew Originator: Dewitt, Ed H. Originator: Klein, Terry L. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Central Colorado Assessment Project (CCAP) - Geochemical data for rock, sediment, soil, and concentrate sample media Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: DS 509 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/509/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The water samples in this dataset were chemically analyzed in the USGS-Denver laboratories using ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and ion chromatography. The accuracy of the geochemical data was verified by replicate analysis of certified USGS standard materials submitted in each analytical job. Values that were less than the lower detection limits of an analytical method were reported as a negative number. Laboratory results were used to calculate aqueous species and saturation states using the USGS PHREEQC numerical model. Logical_Consistency_Report: A site is a single geographic location where water samples were obtained. Multiple points at the same geographic coordinates indicate where samples were obtained over multiple years. Consistent analytical methods were used for chemical analyses of water data throughout the project. ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods were used for cations, and ion chromatography was used to determine concentrations of anions. Completeness_Report: Samples were collected from a 20,800 square mile (53,800 square-km) region of central Colorado. About 80% of the samples were collected from 229 small watersheds selected for specific geologic conditions and the presence or absence of mining activity. The remaining 20% of the samples were collected from larger drainage basins to evaluate metal attenuation and dilution downstream from mining districts or large hydrothermally altered areas. Together the sample sites cover about 80% of the land area in the CCAP study area. Favorable stream sites were occasionally not sampled due to access restrictions or lack of stream flow at the time of the field visit. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Spatial locations were determined from hand-held global positioning system (GPS) devices. In general, the GPS units used by field scientists recorded sample locations to within 100 feet (30 meters) of the true location. When more than one scientist collected field samples at a site on different dates, the reported location is a composite of the GPS measurements and the location is verified using a geographic information system (GIS) and digital topographic maps. Water samples were typically collected at the recorded GPS location; sediment and aquatic insect samples were usually collected within 75 feet (22 meters) of the indicated location. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: None Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Water samples were collected from suitable stream sites from July 2004 to September 2007. Sample locations, digitally recorded with hand-held GPS devices, were imported into ArcGIS to produce the point features in this data set. The water samples were chemically analyzed in the USGS-Denver laboratories for cations by ICP-AES and ICP-MS, and for anions by Ion Chromatography. Results were input into the USGS PHREEQC numerical model to calculate the distribution of aqueous species and the saturation states for minerals that may be present in the water-rock system. Process_Date: 2004-2009 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 322 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 13 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000100 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000100 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.000100 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PHREEQC_Output Entity_Type_Definition: The geographic location of analytical and numerical model results of stream (water) samples Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude_GIS Attribute_Definition: Longitude coordinate of sample site reported in decimal degrees. Typically the coordinate is determined from multiple GPS measurements and verified using a GIS and digital topographic data. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -106.63616 Range_Domain_Maximum: -104.86801 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degree Attribute: Attribute_Label: SampleID Attribute_Definition: Unique identification assigned to each sample collected from a stream site Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Alpha numeric number consisting of a two digit year, a state identifier, and a three digit site number Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude_GIS Attribute_Definition: Latitude coordinate of sample site reported in decimal degrees. Typically the coordinate is determined from multiple GPS measurements and verified using a GIS and digital topographic data. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 37.73471 Range_Domain_Maximum: 40.97751 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degree Attribute: Attribute_Label: pH Attribute_Definition: pH measured in the field by calibrated pH meter- minimum 2 buffer calibration, usually 3. Buffers are corrected for the ambient temperature during calibration. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.77 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.62 Attribute: Attribute_Label: pe Attribute_Definition: Parameter describing the redox conditions of water. Mathematical pe is the negative log of the activity of free electrons in the solution, although this bears no semblance to reality. Nevertheless, pe is a useful parameter for approximating the availability for electrons to participate in chemical reactions through other electron donor/acceptor pairs, not free electrons. At near-neutral pH values, positive pe values indicate oxidizing conditions and negative pe values indicate reducing conditions. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 11.38 Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.23 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ionic_Strength Attribute_Definition: Value calculated as 0.5*sum(x), where x is the product of the concentration times the charge squared for each ion in solution. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0002099 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.04893 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Charge Attribute_Definition: PHREEQC parameter denoting the total charge imbalance in a solution, or the sum of all cationic species minus the sum of all anionic species. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.0008909 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.009625 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Pct_Error Attribute_Definition: Charge imbalance of the solution expressed as a percentage of the total ionic content of the solution. Used to determine the quality and completeness of a chemical analysis. Values less than -10 or greater than +10 indicate either an error in the chemical analysis, or the absence of an important component in the analyzed solution. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -69.264 Range_Domain_Maximum: 92.656 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute: Attribute_Label: Quartz Attribute_Definition: the saturation index (SI) of quartz, corrected for the temperature of the sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of quartz to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate quartz is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates quartz and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of quartz was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.5504 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.2584 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute: Attribute_Label: Chalcedony Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of chalcedony, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of chalcedony to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate chalcedony is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates chalcedony and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of chalcedony was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.0235 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.8167 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SiO2a Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of SiO2 (amorphous silica), corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of SiO2 to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate SiO2 is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates SiO2 and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of SiO2 was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.9109 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.0366 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Calcite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of calcite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of calcite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate calcite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates calcite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of calcite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -5.5068 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.009 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dolomite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of dolomite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of dolomite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate dolomite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates dolomite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of dolomite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -11.5579 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.9246 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Gypsum Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of gypsum, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of gypsum to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate gypsum is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates gypsum and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of gypsum was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -4.6668 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.3652 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fluorite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of fluorite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of fluorite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate fluorite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates fluorite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of fluorite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -9.337 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.123 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Barite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of barite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of barite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate barite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates barite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of barite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -2.2525 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.653 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Celestite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of celestite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of celestite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate celestite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates celestite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of celestite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -5.2051 Range_Domain_Maximum: -1.2282 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Strontianite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of strontianite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of strontianite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate strontianite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates strontianite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of strontianite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -6.9956 Range_Domain_Maximum: -1.2108 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Witherite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of witherite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of witherite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate witherite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates witherite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of witherite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.6097 Range_Domain_Maximum: -2.1294 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Gibbsite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of gibbsite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of gibbsite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate gibbsite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates gibbsite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of gibbsite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -4.0001 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.353 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Diaspore Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of diaspore, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of diaspore to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate diaspore is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates diaspore and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of diaspore was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -2.8513 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.459 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Forsterite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of forsterite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of forsterite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate forsterite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates forsterite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of forsterite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -29.1009 Range_Domain_Maximum: -5.7371 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Magnesite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of magnesite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of magnesite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate magnesite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates magnesite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of magnesite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -6.5895 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3941 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Goethite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of goethite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of goethite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate goethite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates goethite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of goethite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.7579 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.8499 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fe_OH_3a Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of Fe OH3a (amorphous iron hydroxide), corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of Fe OH3a to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate Fe OH3a is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates Fe OH3a and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of Fe OH3a was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.989 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.4737 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Birnessite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of birnessite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of birnessite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate birnessite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates birnessite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of birnessite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.0528 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.2891 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Pyrolusite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of pyrolusite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of pyrolusite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate pyrolusite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates pyrolusite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of pyrolusite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -4.4399 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.6474 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Rhodochrosite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of rhodochrosite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of rhodochrosite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate rhodochrosite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates rhodochrosite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of rhodochrosite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -5.5339 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.5779 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Schoepite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of schoepite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of schoepite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate schoepite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates schoepite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of schoepite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.0067 Range_Domain_Maximum: -1.9588 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Rutherfordine Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of rutherfordine, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of rutherfordine to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate rutherfordine is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates rutherfordine and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of rutherfordine was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.0108 Range_Domain_Maximum: -3.4036 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Brochantite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of brochantite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of brochantite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate brochantite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates brochantite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of brochantite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -25.1644 Range_Domain_Maximum: -4.6237 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CuCO3 Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of CuCO3 (amorphous copper carbonate), corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of CuCO3 to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate CuCO3 is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates CuCO3 and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of CuCO3 was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -7.6281 Range_Domain_Maximum: -4.7449 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Smithsonite Attribute_Definition: Saturation index (SI) of smithsonite, corrected for the temperature of the water sample. SI is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of smithsonite to the solubility product constant, Ksp. IAP is calculated by substituting water sample values into the expression for Ksp. Positive values indicate smithsonite is oversaturated in the sample; negative values indicate undersaturation; zero indicates smithsonite and the water sample are in chemical equilibrium; null values (or empty cells) indicate that SI was not calculated because one or more components of smithsonite was not detected in the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: Metadata Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -6.8353 Range_Domain_Maximum: -2.1227 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Additional discussions of data are provided in the accompanying report. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Attributes summarizing location, pH, pe, ionic strength, charge, and pct_err were added by the author. Attribute values include the results from the PHREEQC numerical model. PHREEQC calculates the distribution of aqueous species and the saturation states for minerals that may be present in the water-rock system. Values in fields denoted by mineral names are the Saturation Index (SI) for that mineral, where SI = log (IAP/K). In this expression, IAP is the ion activity product, and K is the equilibrium constant for a given mineral adjusted to the temperature of the water sample. Positive values indicate the water sample is oversaturated with respect to the mineral and the mineral should precipitate from solution, barring kinetic hindrances. Negative values indicate the water sample is undersaturated with respect to the mineral, and the mineral should dissolve if in contact with the water sample, barring kinetic effects. A zero value indicate the mineral and sample are in chemical equilibrium. A null value (or empty cell) indicates that one or more components of the mineral were not detected in the sample and therefore the saturation index could not be calculated. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: USGS Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286, DFC City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5486 Resource_Description: webmaster@geology.cr.usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This database, identified as DS-614, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ESRI File Geodatabase Format_Version_Number: 9.3 File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/614 Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20100513 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Carma San Juan Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, Mail Stop 973 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-2450 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-3200 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile