Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Philip A. Davis
Originator: Laura E. Cagney
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: SOUTH_HELMAND_UTM_WGS84_Z41_NC_Q8.tif
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Data Series
Issue_Identification: DS 709-O
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/o/
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Philip A. Davis
Originator: Laura E. Cagney
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: Local-Area-Enhanced, 2.5-Meter Resolution
Natural-Color and Color-Infrared Satellite-Image Mosaics of the
South Helmand Mineral District in Afghanistan
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Data Series
Issue_Identification: 709-O
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/o/
Description:
Abstract: The image data in this Data Series (DS) consist of
local-area enhanced, high-resolution satellite natural-color (NC)
and color-infrared (CIR) image mosaics of the South Helmand mineral
district, located within southern Helmand and Khandahar Provinces,
Afghanistan. The South Helmand district has industrial travertine
deposits. The mosaics were constructed using ALOS (Advanced Land
Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) AVNIR (Advanced Visible
and Near-Infrared Radiometer) multispectral and PRISM
(Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping)
panchromatic images acquired from the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA) and processed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The AVNIR
data consist of a four-band image (blue, green, red, and near-
infrared wavelength bands) with a 10-meter (m) resolution and a
PRISM panchromatic band that covers the visible-band wavelengths and
has a 2.5-m resolution. Images used for the area of interest were
selected based on highest sun elevation and least cloud, shadow, and
snow cover. Spatial resolution of the final image mosaics is 2.5 m.
The final image mosaics for the area of interest were subdivided
into ten quadrants because of the large size of the image mosaic at
2.5-m resolution.
Purpose: These image mosaics were prepared by the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Task Force for
Business and Stability Operations within the U.S. Department of
Defense, to (1) provide useful data to ground survey crews for use
in performing more detailed assessments of the area and (2) provide
useful information to potential private investors who are
considering the area for economic development of its natural
resources.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Multiple_Dates/Times:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 200808
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 200809
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 201006
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 201007
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.777313
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.977684
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.866526
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.439714
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
http://geology.usgs.gov/tools/metadata/standard/glossary.html
Theme_Keyword: Mineral Resources
Theme_Keyword: ALOS AVNIR
Theme_Keyword: ALOS PRISM
Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: http://geonames.usgs.gov/
Place_Keyword: South Helmand Travertine District,
Helmand and Khandahar Provinces, Afghanistan
Access_Constraints: See "Use Constraints" Section
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Philip A Davis
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Research Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Building 4
City: Flagstaff
State_or_Province: AZ
Postal_Code: 86001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 928-556-7084
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 928-556-7092
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdavis@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: South_Helmand_Image_Index_Map.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Location and tile structure for
image mosaic
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Data_Set_Credit: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ((c)JAXA, 2008,
2010).
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None
Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1
(Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Philip A. Davis
Originator: Laura E. Cagney
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: Local-Area-Enhanced, 2.5-m Resolution Natural-Color and
Color-Infrared Satellite-Image Mosaics of the South Helmand Mineral
District in Afghanistan
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report: All images used in the mosaic were
internally calibrated to provide a consistent band reflectance
across the region.
Completeness_Report: This mosaic represents one-eighth of the
South Helmand mineral district.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Positional accuracy is
approximately 50 m
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 50
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: 50-m absolute
accuracy is the same as the Landsat image base used to register the
ALOS data.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides
multispectral images from the AVNIR sensor in blue (420-500 nanometer, nm),
green (520-600 nm), red (610-690 nm), and near-infrared (760-890 nm)
wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-m ground
resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image
from the PRISM sensor (520-770 nm) with the same dynamic range, but
a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate
copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
((c)JAXA, 2008, 2010), but the image processing has altered the
original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data,
such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS.
As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added
products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user
license agreement.
The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our
mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles
(near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and
snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were
orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which
is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation
models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a
precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image
pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not
coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the
multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the
10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image
base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single
image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic
image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the
individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire
area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated
using an automated control point algorithm developed by the USGS
that allows image coregistration to within one picture element.
Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were
converted to radiance values and then relative reflectance values
using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the
multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the
highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering,
which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance
values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the
area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by
determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping
images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the
multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the
panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is
described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the
resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a
local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007),
which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital
values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final
databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-
composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the
blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the
green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).
All image data were initially projected and maintained in
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target
area's local zone (41 for South Helmand) and the WGS84 datum. The final
image mosaics were subdivided into eight overlapping tiles or
quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The eight
image tiles (or quadrants) for the South Helmand area are provided as
embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most
geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software.
The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are
generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff
image.
References Cited:
Davis, P.A., 2006, Calibrated Landsat ETM+ nonthermal-band image
mosaics of Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2006-1345, 18 p., available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1345/.
Davis, P.A., 2007, Landsat ETM+ false-color image mosaics of
Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1029, 22
p., available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1029/.
Process_Description: Metadata imported.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: F:\
SOUTH_HELMAND_UTM_WGS84_Z41_NC_Q8.tif.xml
Process_Date: 20120411
Process_Time: 11235200
Cloud_Cover: 0%
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 18806
Column_Count: 7456
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 41
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 63.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 2.500000
Ordinate_Resolution: 2.500000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
City: Reston
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 20192
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747)
Contact_Instructions: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed
successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no
warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or
utility of the data on any other system, or for general or
scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute
any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held
liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or)
contained herein.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: 1.0
Format_Specification: Embedded GeoTIFF
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or many common
compression systems
Transfer_Size: 411.000
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20111215
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Philip A. Davis
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Research Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Building 4
City: Flagstaff
State_or_Province: AZ
Postal_Code: 86001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 928-556-7084
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 928-556-7094
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdavis@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital
Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile