Seafloor character--Offshore of Pacifica, California

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Eleyne L. Phillips

Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey

Originator: Guy R. Cochrane

Publication_Date: 2014

Title: Seafloor character--Offshore of Pacifica, California

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Brian D. Edwards

Originator: Eleyne L. Phillips

Originator: Peter Dartnell

Originator: H. Gary Greene

Originator: Carrie K. Bretz

Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek

Originator: Stephen R. Hartwell

Originator: Samuel Y. Johnson

Originator: Guy R. Cochrane

Originator: Brian E. Dieter

Originator: Ray W. Sliter

Originator: Stephanie L. Ross

Originator: Nadine E. Golden

Originator: Janet T. Watt

Originator: John L. Chin

Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey

Originator: Lisa M. Krigsman

Originator: Michael W. Mansion

Originator: Charles A. Endris

Publication_Date: 2014

Title:

California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Pacifica map area, California

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: OFR 2014-1260

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/>

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Nadine E. Golden

Publication_Date: 2013

Title: California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Data Series

Issue_Identification: DS 781

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/>

Description:

Abstract:

This part of DS 781 presents the seafloor-character map Offshore of Pacifica, California. The raster data file is included in "SFC_OffshorePacifica.zip," which is accessible from <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePacifica/data_catalog_OffshorePacifica.html>.
This raster-format seafloor-character map shows four substrate classes of Offshore of Pacifica, California. The substrate classes mapped in this area have been further divided into the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), and Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zones 4-5 (greater than 100 m), and Slopes Classes 2-4 (greater than 5 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008), available at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>.
References Cited:
California Department of Fish and Game, 2008, California Marine Life Protection Act master plan for marine protected areas; Revised draft: California Department of Fish and Game, accessed April 5 2011, at <http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/masterplan.asp>.
Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>.
Sappington, J.M., Longshore, K.M., and Thompson, D.B., 2007, Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis--A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, p. 1419-1426.

Purpose:

These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify local seafloor character.

Supplemental_Information:

Information for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology related activities are online at < <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f307nc/html/f-3-07-nc.meta.html> >

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2006

Ending_Date: 2007

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.589149

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.495581

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.702319

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.540606

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)

Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Bathymetry

Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Seafloor Topography

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Character

Theme_Keyword: Fisheries

Theme_Keyword: Ecosystem

Theme_Keyword: Multibeam

Theme_Keyword: Geology

Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry

Theme_Keyword: Backscatter

Theme_Keyword: Intensity

Theme_Keyword: Ocean Floor Topography

Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey

Theme_Keyword: USGS

Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Theme_Keyword: CMGP

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme_Keyword: environment

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean

Place_Keyword: State of California

Place_Keyword: Pacifica

Place_Keyword: San Mateo County

Place_Keyword: Rockaway Beach

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB). USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Guy Cochrane

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Position: Geophysicist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr.

City: Santa Cruz

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 95060-5792

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831)460-7554

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831)427-4709

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gcochrane@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

<https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePacifica/images/SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePacifica.jpg>

Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Seafloor character types offshore of Pacifica.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Pixel resolution 2 m.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise.

Completeness_Report:

Total coverage for the survey area is 100%. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GSP unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, (<http://www8.garmin.com/specs/GPSMAP76C_76CSspec.pdf>).

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The seafloor-character map was produced using video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truthing applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008), available at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>. The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity. Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool (for details, see Sappington and others, 2007). Classes I, II and III values were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV (mobile sedimentary features) values were determined on the basis of visual characteristics using both bathymetry and backscatter (slight depression in the seafloor, very high backscatter return). The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, with which individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The four seafloor classes were then colored to indicate which of the five California MLPA depth zones they are located in: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), or Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m). These were further subdivided into one of the following slope classes: Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees), Slope Class 3 (30 degrees - 60 degrees), or Slope Class 4 (60 degrees - 90 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 4-5 (greater than 100 m), and Slopes Classes 2-4 (greater than 5 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block.

Process_Date: 200910

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Row_Count: 8951

Column_Count: 4085

Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 10N

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0

False_Easting: 500000.0

False_Northing: 0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956

Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956

Planar_Distance_Units: Meter

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984

Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePacifica.tif.vat

Entity_Type_Definition:

The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Rowid

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: VALUE

Attribute_Definition:

This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting four substrate classes (1-4) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value; Depth Zone 4, add 20 to grid value; and Depth Zone 5, add 30 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 14

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers 1 - 14 representing seafloor character classes.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: COUNT

Attribute_Definition:

The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE).

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 81926

Range_Domain_Maximum: 19594633

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers 81926 - 19594633 pixel count.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SLOPE

Attribute_Definition:

The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (flat; 0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (sloping; 5 degrees to 30 degrees), 3 (steeply sloping; 30 degrees to 60 degrees), or 4 (vertical; 60 degrees to 90 degrees), or 5 (overhang; greater than 90 degrees).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure:

Integer value 1 representing slope class of <5 degrees as described above.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DEPTH_ZONE

Attribute_Definition:

The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m; Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 3

Attribute_Units_of_Measure:

Integer values 2-3 representing slope classes as described above.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SUBSTRATE

Attribute_Definition:

Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium- to coarse- grained sediment

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 4

Attribute_Units_of_Measure:

Integer values 1-4 representing substrate classes as described above.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SUBST_DESC

Attribute_Definition:

Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium to coarse grained (Mobile Sed Features)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Names are in text form, maximum length: 50

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FULL_DESC

Attribute_Definition:

Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, Very high backscatter, low rugosity; typically medium- to coarse-grained, rippled sediment with some shell hash in shallow depressions

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Names are in text form, maximum length: 250

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 2013

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Mercedes D. Erdey

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive

City: Santa Cruz

State_or_Province: California

Postal_Code: 95060

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831)460-7416

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: merdey@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time