Seafloor character--Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Seafloor character--Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Janet T. Watt
Originator: Peter Dartnell
Originator: Nadine E. Golden
Originator: H. Gary Greene
Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
Originator: Samuel Y. Johnson
Originator: Stephen R. Hartwell
Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek
Originator: Michael W. Manson
Originator: Charles A. Endris
Originator: Bryan E. Dieter
Originator: Ray W. Sliter
Originator: Lisa M. Krigsman
Originator: Erik N. Lowe
Originator: John L. Chin
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Point Reyes map area, California
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: OFR 2015-1114
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Nadine E. Golden
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Data Series
Issue_Identification: DS 781
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/>

Description:
Abstract:
This part of DS 781 presents the seafloor-character map Offshore of Point Reyes, California (raster data file is included in "SeafloorCharacter_PointReyes.zip," which is accessible from <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_PointReyes.html>).

This raster-format seafloor-character map shows four substrate classes offshore of Point Reyes, California. The substrate classes mapped in this area have been further divided into the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), and Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m), and Slopes Classes 3-4 (greater than 30 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008), available at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>.

References Cited:

California Department of Fish and Game, 2008, California Marine Life Protection Act master plan for marine protected areas; Revised draft: California Department of Fish and Game, accessed April 5 2011, at <http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/masterplan.asp>.

Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>.

Sappington, J.M., Longshore, K.M., and Thompson, D.B., 2007, Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis--A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, p. 1419-1426.

Purpose:
These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify local seafloor character.

Supplemental_Information:
Information for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology related activities are online at <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l908nc/html/l-9-08-nc.meta.html> and <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f307nc/html/f-3-07-nc.meta.html>
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2007
Ending_Date: 2010
Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.091178
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.892501
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.098320
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.938761

Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Seafloor Topography
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: Multibeam bathymetry
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: Benthic marine habitat
Theme_Keyword: Seafloor mapping
Theme_Keyword: Offshore geology
Theme_Keyword: GIS
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: State of California
Place_Keyword: Point Reyes
Place_Keyword: Drakes Bay
Place_Keyword: Marin County
Place_Keyword: Drakes Estero

Access_Constraints:
If physical samples or materials are available, constraints on their on-site access are described in "WR CMG Sample Distribution Policy" at URL: <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/main/sample-dist-policy.html>
Use_Constraints:
Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey and California State University, Monterey Bay.
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.
This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Guy Cochrane
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Geophysicist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr.
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831)460-7554
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831)427-4709
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gcochrane@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/images/SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.jpg>
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Seafloor character types Offshore of Point Reyes map area.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Pixel resolution 2 m.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise.
Completeness_Report:
Total coverage for the survey area is 100%. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GSP unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, <http://www8.garmin.com/specs/GPSMAP76C_76CSspec.pdf>).

Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The seafloor-character map was produced using video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truthing applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008), available at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>. The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity. Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool (for details, see Sappington and others, 2007).
Classes I, II and III values were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV (mobile sedimentary features) values were determined on the basis of visual characteristics using both bathymetry and backscatter (slight depression in the seafloor, very high backscatter return). The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, with which individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The four seafloor classes were then colored to indicate which of the five California MLPA depth zones they are located in: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), or Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m). These were further subdivided into one of the following slope classes: Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees), Slope Class 3 (30 degrees - 60 degrees), or Slope Class 4 (60 degrees - 90 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 4-5 (greater than 100 m), and Slopes Classes 3-4 (greater than 30 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block.
Process_Date: 201302

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 8849
Column_Count: 8710
Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 2
Ordinate_Resolution: 2
Planar_Distance_Units: Meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 2.0
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.tif.vat
Entity_Type_Definition:
The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Rowid
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VALUE
Attribute_Definition:
This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting four substrate classes (1-4) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value; Depth Zone 4, add 20 to grid value; and Depth Zone 5, add 30 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 63
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers 1 - 63 representing seafloor character classes.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COUNT
Attribute_Definition:
The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE).
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 10989
Range_Domain_Maximum: 26752933
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers 10989 - 26752933 pixel count.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SLOPE
Attribute_Definition:
The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (flat; 0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (sloping; 5 degrees to 30 degrees), 3 (steeply sloping; 30 degrees to 60 degrees), or 4 (vertical; 60 degrees to 90 degrees), or 5 (overhang; greater than 90 degrees).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integer value 1 and 2 representing slope classes as described above.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DEPTH_ZONE
Attribute_Definition:
The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m; Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integer values 2-3 representing slope classes as described above.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SUBSTRATE
Attribute_Definition:
Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium- to coarse- grained sediment
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integer values 1-4 representing substrate classes as described above.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SUBST_DESC

Attribute_Definition:
Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium to coarse grained (Mobile Sed Features)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Names are in text form, maximum length: 50
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FULL_DESC
Attribute_Definition:
Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, Very high backscatter, low rugosity; typically medium- to coarse-grained, rippled sediment with some shell hash in shallow depressions
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Names are in text form, maximum length: 250
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 345 Middlefield Rd
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-4309


Distribution_Liability:

These databases, identified as seafloor character maps of Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although these databases have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
These data are not intended for navigational use.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI , 2011)
Format_Specification:
Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system with datum NAD83.
Format_Information_Content:
The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and the text (.txt) and XML (.tif.xml) versions of the metadata for the Seafloor Character data layer of Offshore Point Reyes, California.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 15.5
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data/SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.zip>
Network_Resource_Name: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/>
Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW)
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcMap TIFF. Users should download the ArcGIS Project File, OffshorePointReyesGIS.mxd.zip, a compressed (with the "zip" command) version of the ArcMap document (.mxd) that has all the data layers loaded in the table of contents for "Offshore Point Reyes" and has all the data symbolized as on the OFR map sheets. Download and save this ArcGIS project file, including all data layers, to the directory the user has created for this GIS.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20140923
Metadata_Review_Date: 20150610
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Mercedes D. Erdey
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 95060
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831)460-7416
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: merdey@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time


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