Seafloor character--Offshore of Refugio Beach, California

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Eleyne L. Phillips
Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
Publication_Date: 2015
Title: Seafloor character--Offshore of Refugio Beach, California
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Samuel Y. Johnson
Originator: Peter Dartnell
Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
Originator: Nadine E. Golden
Originator: Eleyne L. Phillips
Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie
Originator: Lisa M. Krigsman
Originator: Bryan E. Dieter
Originator: James E. Conrad
Originator: H. Gary Greene
Originator: Gordon G. Seitz
Originator: Charles A. Endris
Originator: Ray W. Sliter
Originator: Florence L. Wong
Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
Originator: Carlos I. Gutierrez
Originator: Mary M. Yoklavich
Originator: Amy E. Draut
Originator: Patrick E. Hart
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Refugio Beach Area, California
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map
Issue_Identification: SIM 3319
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/>
Online_Linkage: <https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3319>

Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Nadine E. Golden
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Data Series
Issue_Identification: DS 781
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/>

Description:
Abstract:
This part of SIM 3319 presents the seafloor-character map (see sheet 7) offshore of Refugio Beach, California (raster data file is included in "SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreRefugioBeach.zip," which is accessible from <http://pubs.usgs.ov/ds/781/OffshoreRefugioBeach/data_catalog_OffshoreRefugioBeach.html>).
This raster-format seafloor-character map shows five substrate classes of Offshore of Refugio Beach, California. The substrate classes mapped in this area have been divided into the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m); Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m); and Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m). In addition, the following slope classes are represented on this map (Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard slope zones are shown in parentheses): Slope Class 1, 0° to 5° (flat) and Slope Class 2, 5° to 30° (sloping). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal); Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m); Slope Class 3, 30° to 60° (steeply sloping); and Slope Class 4, 60° to 90° (vertical) are not present in this map area. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008), available at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>.
References Cited:
California Department of Fish and Game, 2008, California Marine Life Protection Act master plan for marine protected areas; Revised draft: California Department of Fish and Game, accessed April 5 2011, at <http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/masterplan.asp>.
Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>.
Sappington, J.M., Longshore, K.M., and Thompson, D.B., 2007, Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis--A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, p. 1419-1426.
Purpose:
These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify local seafloor character.
Supplemental_Information:
Information for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology related activities are online at <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z206sc/html/z-2-06-sc.meta.html> and <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z107sc/html/z-1-07-sc.meta.html>
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2015
Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.19
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.00
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.47
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.39
Keywords:
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Refugio Beach
Place_Keyword: Santa Barbara Channel
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: State of California
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Seafloor Topography
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Character
Theme_Keyword: Fisheries
Theme_Keyword: Ecosystem
Theme_Keyword: Multibeam
Theme_Keyword: Geology
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: Backscatter
Theme_Keyword: Intensity
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Floor Topography
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Guy Cochrane
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacifc Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Geophysicist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr.
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7554
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4709
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gcochrane@usgs.gov

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Pixel resolution 2 m.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise.
Completeness_Report:
Total coverage for the survey area is 100%. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GSP unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, <https://buy.garmin.com/shop/store/assets/pdfs/specs/gpsmap76c_76cs_spec.pdf>).
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The seafloor-character map was produced using video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truthing applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008), available at <http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf>. The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity (from bathymetry grid). Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool (for details, see Sappington and others, 2007). Classes I, II, and III were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV (rugged anthropogenic material) values are a sub-class of seafloor Class III; these pixels were depicted based on visual characteristics and known location of man-made features. The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example, trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, where individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The five seafloor classes were then colored to indicate which of the five California MLPA depth zones they are located in: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), or Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m). These were further subdivided into one of the following slope classes: Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees), Slope Class 3 (30 degrees - 60 degrees), or Slope Class 4 (60 degrees - 90 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m), and Slopes Classes 3-4 (greater than 30°) are not present in the region covered by this block.
Process_Date: 201206

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 4338
Column_Count: 8944
Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 10N
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 2.0
Ordinate_Resolution: 2.0
Planar_Distance_Units: Meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreRefugioBeach.tif.vat
Entity_Type_Definition:
The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Rowid
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VALUE
Attribute_Definition:
This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting six substrate classes (1-6) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value; Depth Zone 4, add 20 to grid value; and Depth Zone 5, add 30 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 74
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integers 1 - 74 on the basis of classification method described in chapter 4 and sheet 5 of SIM 3319 ("California State Waters Map Series--Offshore Ventura"), available at <https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/>.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COUNT
Attribute_Definition:
The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE).
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 283
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22660354
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers 283 - 22660354 pixel count.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SLOPE
Attribute_Definition:
The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (flat; 0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (sloping; 5 degrees to 30 degrees), 3 (steeply sloping; 30 degrees to 60 degrees), or 4 (vertical; 60 degrees to 90 degrees), or 5 (overhang; greater than 90 degrees).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integer value 1 representing slope class of <5 degrees and 2 represents slope class of 5 to 30 degrees as described above.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DEPTH_ZONE
Attribute_Definition:
The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m; Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integer values 2-4 representing slope classes as described above.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SUBSTRATE
Attribute_Definition:
Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Rugged anthropogenic features 5. Smooth anthropogenic features 6. Medium- to coarse-grained sediment (Mobile Sedimentary Features)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:
Integer values 1-4 representing substrate classes as described above.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SUBST_DESC
Attribute_Definition:
Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Rugged anthropogenic material
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Names are in text form, maximum length: 50
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FULL_DESC
Attribute_Definition:
Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, High backscatter, high rugosity; related to development by humans
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Names are in text form, maximum length: 250

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 2013
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Mercedes D. Erdey
Contact_Organization:
United States Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 95060
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831)460-7416
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: merdey@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

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