Bathymetry Hillshade--Offshore of Santa Barbara, California

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Frequently-anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title: Bathymetry Hillshade--Offshore of Santa Barbara, California
Abstract:
This part of SIM 3281 presents data for the bathymetry and shaded-relief maps (see sheets 1, 2, SIM 3281) of the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area, California. The raster data file for the bathymetry map is included in "Bathymetry_OffshoreSantaBarbara.zip." The raster data file for the shaded-relief map is included in "BathymetryHS_OffshoreSantaBarbara.zip." Both are accessible from <https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data_catalog_OffshoreSantaBarbara.html>. The bathymetry and shaded-relief maps of the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area, California, were generated from bathymetry data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB), by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and by Fugro Pelagos for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise. Most of the offshore area was mapped by CSUMB in the summer of 2007, using a 244-kHz Reson 8101 multibeam echosounder. Smaller areas in the far-east nearshore, as well as further offshore to the west and in the southeast outer shelf area, were mapped by the USGS in 2005 and 2006, using a combination of 468-kHz (2005) and 117-kHz (2006) SEA (AP) Ltd. SWATHplus-M phase-differencing sidescan sonars. The nearshore bathymetry and coastal topography were mapped for USACE by Fugro Pelagos in 2009, using the SHOALS-1000T bathymetric-lidar and Leica ALS60 topographic-lidar systems. All these mapping missions combined to collect bathymetry from the 0-m isobath to beyond the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. NOTE: The horizontal datum of this bathymetry data (NAD83) differs from the horizontal datum of other layers in this SIM (WGS84). Some bathymetry grids within this map area were projected horizontally from WGS84 to NAD83 using ESRI tools to be more consistent with the vertical reference of the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).
Supplemental_Information:
Information for the related USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center data collection field activities is available online: Z-2-06-SC, at <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z206sc/html/z-2-06-sc.meta.html>; S-1-05-SC, at <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s105sc/html/s-1-05-sc.meta.html>.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Kvitek, Rikk G. , Dartnell, Peter, Phillips, Eleyne L. , and Cochrane, Guy R. , 2013, Bathymetry Hillshade--Offshore of Santa Barbara, California:.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Johnson, Samuel Y. , Dartnell, Peter, Cochrane, Guy R. , Golden, Nadine E. , Phillips, Eleyne L. , Ritchie, Andrew C. , Greene, H. Gary , Krigsman, Lisa M. , Kvitek, Rikk G. , Dieter, Bryan E. , Endris, Charles A. , Seitz, Gordon G. , Sliter, Ray W. , Erdey, Mercedes D. , Gutierrez, Carlos I. , Wong, Florence L. , Yoklavich, Mary M. , Draut, Amy E. , Hart, Patrick E. , Conrad, James E. , and Cochran, Susan A. , 2013, California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Santa Barbara, California: Scientific Investigations Map SIM 3281, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.81
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.62
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.49
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.32

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 2005
    Ending_Date: 2009
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:

      • Dimensions, type Grid Cell

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 11
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.00000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.00

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 2.0
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 2.0
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters

      The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.00 meters.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The complete Offshore of Santa Barbara bathymetry data was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes: 
    Cell size = 2.0
Number of rows = 8960
Number of columns = 8960

Data type = floating point

Boundary
Xmin = 241390
Xmax = 259310
Ymin = 3801510
Ymax = 3819430

Statistics
Minimum value = -86.74
Maximum value = 1.33
Mean = -44.10
Standard deviation = 21.43

Coordinate system description
Projection  UTM
Zone  10
Horizontal Datum  NAD83
Vertical Datum  NAVD88
Units  meter
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Peter Dartnell
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Physical Scientist
    400 Natural Bridges Dr.
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
    USA

    (831) 460-7415 (voice)
    (831) 427-4709 (FAX)
    pdartnell@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify bathymetric features.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: 2009 (process 1 of 5)
    During the CSUMB mapping mission, an Applanix positioning and motion compensation system (POS/MV) was used to accurately position the vessel during data collection, and it also accounted for vessel motion such as heave, pitch, and roll (position accuracy, +/-2 m; pitch, roll, and heading accuracy, +/-0.02 degrees; heave accuracy, +/-5 percent, or 5 cm). NavCom 2050 GPS receiver (CNAV) data were used to account for tidal-cycle fluctuations, and sound-velocity profiles were collected with an Applied Microsystems (AM) SVPlus sound velocimeter. Soundings were corrected for vessel motion using the Applanix POS/MV data, for variations in water-column sound velocity using the AM SVPlus data, and for variations in water height (tides) using vertical-position data from the CNAV receiver. Final XYZ soundings and bathymetric-surface models were referenced to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 1984) relative to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 1988). During the USGS mapping missions, differential GPS (DGPS) data were combined with measurements of vessel motion (heave, pitch, and roll) in a CodaOctopus F180 attitude-and-position system to produce a high-precision vessel-attitude packet. This packet was transmitted to the acquisition software in real time and combined with instantaneous sound-velocity measurements at the transducer head before each ping. The returned samples were projected to the seafloor using a ray-tracing algorithm that works with previously measured sound-velocity profiles. Statistical filters were applied to the raw samples that discriminate the seafloor returns (soundings) from unintended targets in the water column. The original soundings were referenced to the WGS 1984 relative to the MLLW (Mean Lower Low Water) tidal datum, but, through postprocessing using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) VDatum tool, the soundings were transformed to NAVD 1988. Finally, the soundings were converted into 2-m-resolution bathymetric-surface-model grids. During the Fugro Pelagos mapping mission that was completed as part of the National Coastal Mapping Program of USACE, the Leica ALS60 topographic-lidar and the SHOALS-1000T bathymetric-lidar systems were mounted on an aircraft that flew survey lines at an altitude of 300 to 400 m (bathymetry) and 300 to 1,200 m (topography), at speeds of between 135 and 185 knots. The ALS60 system collected data at a maximum pulse rate of 200 kHz, and the SHOALS system collected data at 1 kHz. Information on aircraft position, velocity, and acceleration were collected using the Novatel and POS A/V 410 systems (SHOALS) and the onboard GPS/IMU system (ALS60). Aircraft-position data were processed using POSPac software, and the results were combined with the lidar data to produce 3-D positions for each lidar shot. Various commercial and proprietary software packages were used to clean the data, to convert all valid data from ellipsoid to orthometric heights, and to export the data as a series of topography and bathymetry ASCII files. Final grids were provided in geographic coordinates referenced to the NAVD 1988.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Pete Dartnell
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Physical Scientist
    400 Natural Bridges Dr.
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
    USA

    (831) 460-7415 (voice)
    pdartnell@usgs.gov

    Date: 2009 (process 2 of 5)
    California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab 2-m-resolution bathymetry data (CSMP survey blocks G - H) within this map were downloaded from <http://seafloor.csumb.edu/SFMLwebDATA.htm>

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Pete Dartnell
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Physical Scientist
    400 Natural Bridges Dr.
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
    USA

    (831) 460-7415 (voice)
    pdartnell@usgs.gov

    Date: 2009 (process 3 of 5)
    USGS 2-m-resolution bathymetry data from mapping cruises Z-2-06-SC and S-1-05-SC were downloaded from USGS archives.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Pete Dartnell
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Physical Scientist
    400 Natural Bridges Dr.
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
    USA

    (831) 460-7415 (voice)
    pdartnell@usgs.gov

    Date: 2010 (process 4 of 5)
    Topographic - Bathymetric lidar data were provided to the USGS, PCMSC by USACE.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Pete Dartnell
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Physical Scientist
    400 Natural Bridges Dr.
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
    USA

    (831) 460-7415 (voice)
    pdartnell@usgs.gov

    Date: 2010 (process 5 of 5)
    Merge all bathymetry data into 2-m-resolution bathymetry grid and clip to the Offshore of Santa Barbara map boundary. To create the shaded-relief imagery, an illumination having an azimuth of 300 degrees and from 45 degrees above the horizon was applied to the bathymetry grid.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Pete Dartnell
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Physical Scientist
    400 Natural Bridges Dr.
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
    USA

    (831) 460-7415 (voice)
    pdartnell@usgs.gov

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Not applicable for raster data.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Estimated to be no less than 2 m, owing to total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Estimated to be no less than 20 cm, owing to total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations.

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    Complete

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Unspecified

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB); and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the USGS, CSUMB, and USACE in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 2013
Last Reviewed: 2013
Metadata author:
Peter Dartnell
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Physical Scientist
400 Natural Bridges Dr.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060-5792
USA

(831) 460-7415 (voice)
(831) 427-4709 (FAX)
pdartnell@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2") (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

Generated by mp version 2.9.6 on Mon Feb 10 16:07:15 2014