Revision History for FS 2020-3059 U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota and Landsat ----------------------------------------------------- Posted online December 21, 2020 ----------------------------------------------------- Revised and reposted October 17, 2022, version 1.1 The State image on p. 1 was changed from a Landsat 7 image to a Landsat 8 image. In the second paragraph, the last sentence was changed from “Three examples for the State of Minnesota follow.” to “Here are several examples for the State of Minnesota.” On p. 1, credits (“Image credits: U.S. Geological Survey.”) were added to the images. In the “Water-Quality Monitoring” section, an in-text citation (“University of Minnesota, 2022”) was added. On p. 2, the caption for the first image was revised from “Color dissolved organic matter in Minnesota’s Lake of the Woods. Photograph credit: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Landsat Image Gallery; used with permission.” to “Colored dissolved organic matter in Minnesota’s Lake of the Woods. Image credit: NASA.” In the “Precision Agriculture” section, an in-text citation (“Anjozian, 2012”) was added. On p. 2, the caption for the second image was revised from “On the hand-held tablet above is Landsat 5 imagery collected July 13, 2005, of a sugar beet field that shows a true color composite (left), color infrared (center), and near-infrared band (right) processed to show vegetation status related to nitrogen. In the right image, magenta indicates vigorous growth and high nitrogen; lighter green indicates low nitrogen and plants under stress. In the case of sugar beets, slight levels of stress are desired because stress maximizes development of sugar content. Photograph credit: Gary Wagner, AWG Farms; used with permission.” to “Landsat 5 imagery of a sugar beet field collected July 13, 2005, shows a true color composite (left), color infrared (center), and near-infrared band (right) processed to show vegetation status related to nitrogen. Photograph credit: Gary Wagner, AWG Farms; used with permission.” In the "Landsat--Critical Information Infrastructure for the Nation" section, the sentence "Local, State, and Federal agencies use Landsat to monitor and forecast a wide range of land surface phenomena." was changed to "Local, State, Tribal, and Federal agencies use Landsat to monitor and forecast a wide range of land surface phenomena." In the second paragraph of this section, "space imaging" was hyphenated and the in-text citation "Straub and others, 2019" was added. The third paragraph was changed from "Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 provide 8-day repeat coverage of the Earth’s land surfaces. Landsat 9, which will replace the aging Landsat 7, is under development for launch in 2021. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the USGS are currently reviewing the findings from a joint Architecture Study Team, which will inform the design and implementation approach for Landsat Next, the follow-on mission to Landsat 9. Landsat 9 and its successors will provide a sustainable, space-based system to extend the nearly 50-year Landsat series of high-quality global land imaging measurements--the world’s longest time series of the Earth’s land surface." to "Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 provide 8-day repeat coverage of the Earth’s land surfaces. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the USGS are currently reviewing the findings from a joint Architecture Study Team, which will inform the design and implementation approach for Landsat Next, the follow-on mission to Landsat 9. Landsat 9 and its successors are planned to provide a sustainable, space-based system to extend the 50-year Landsat series of high-quality global land imaging measurements—the world’s longest time series of the Earth’s land surface." A "References Cited" section was added. ----------------------------------------------------- Revised and reposted November 26, 2024, version 1.1 On p. 2, text was changed from "AWG Farms in Minnesota has used Landsat imagery to monitor its fields’ variable nitrogen content in beet leaves and soil tillage since 1997. With this knowledge, using global positioning system-enabled variable fertilizer application, AWG Farms can save 60–70 pounds of nitrogen per acre and reduce effects on the environment from nutrient runoff and leaching caused by overapplication of fertilizer (Anjozian, 2012)." to "AWG Farms in Minnesota has used Landsat imagery to monitor vegetation health in its beet fields since 1997. With this knowledge, farmers can adjust nitrogen levels using global positioning system-enabled variable fertilizer application, saving 60–70 pounds of nitrogen per acre and minimizing environmental impact from nutrient runoff and leaching caused by overapplication of fertilizer (Anjozian, 2012)."