Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Swithinbank, Charles Originator: Williams, Richard S., Jr. Originator: Ferrigno, Jane G. Originator: Foley, Kevin M. Originator: Hallam, Cheryl Originator: Rosanova, Christine Publication_Date: 2002 Title: COASTAL CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE SAUNDERS COAST AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1972-1997 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Geologic Investigations Map Issue_Identification: I-2600-G Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia U.S.A. Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Description: Abstract: Changes in the area and volume of the polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level may severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Loss of the West Antarctic part of the Antarctic ice sheet alone could cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 m. The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m to 73 m. In spite of its importance, the mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is poorly known; it is not known whether the ice sheet is growing or shrinking. As a result, measurement of changes in the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. An archive of early 1970's Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the fact that the repeat coverage with satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica. The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) and RADARSAT images to compare changes over a 20- to 25- year time interval and to prepare a series of 24 1:1,000,000-scale and 1 1:5,000,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Maps ("I-Maps") (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; and Ferrigno and others, 2002) in both paper and digital format. Purpose: The Coastal-Change and Glaciological Mapping Project has five objectives, listed as follows: (1) to determine coastline changes that have occured during the past three decades; (2) to establish an accurate baseline series of 1:1,000,000-scale maps that define, from the analysis of Landsat and RADARSAT images, the glaciological characteristics of the coastline of Antarctica during the three time intervals (early 1970's, middle 1980's to early 1990's and 1997); (3) to determine velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves, and the position of the grounding line from analysis of Landsat images and other sources of the same areas taken over time; (4) to compile a comprehensive inventory of named and unnamed outlet glaciers and ice streams in Antarctica that are mappable from Landsat images or from ancillary sources such as maps, gazeteers, digital databases, etc.; (5) to compile a 1:5,000,000-scale map of Antarctica derived from the 24 1:1,000,000-scale maps. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1972 Ending_Date: 1997 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.5 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -130.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -81 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: coastal change Theme_Keyword: glaciology Theme_Keyword: ice velocity Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alberts, F.G., ed., 1981, Geographic names of the Antarctic: Reston, VA, U.S. Board on Geographic Names, National Science Foundation Report No. NSF 81-5, 959 p. Place_Keyword: Antarctica Place_Keyword: Saunders Coast Place_Keyword: Ruppert Coast Place_Keyword: Hobbs Coast Place_Keyword: Shirase Coast Place_Keyword: Ross Ice Shelf Place_Keyword: Sulzberger Ice Shelf Place_Keyword: Edward VII Peninsula Place_Keyword: Marie Byrd Land Place_Keyword: Ice Stream D Place_Keyword: Ice Stream E Place_Keyword: Ice Stream F Place_Keyword: Cape Colbert Place_Keyword: Bartlett Inlet Place_Keyword: Withrow Glacier Place_Keyword: Richter Glacier Place_Keyword: Fisher Island Place_Keyword: Rockefeller Mountains Place_Keyword: Kiel Glacier Place_Keyword: Butler Glacier Place_Keyword: Dalton Glacier Place_Keyword: Cumbie Glacier Place_Keyword: Swinburne Islang Place_Keyword: Gerry Glacier Place_Keyword: Kizer Island Place_Keyword: Moody Island Place_Keyword: Cromwell Island Place_Keyword: Steventon Island Place_Keyword: Prezbecheski Island Place_Keyword: Hershey Ridge Place_Keyword: Haines Mountains Place_Keyword: Hammond Glacier Place_Keyword: Court Ridge Place_Keyword: Reynolds Glacier Place_Keyword: Swope Glacier Place_Keyword: MacKay Mountains Place_Keyword: Boyd Glacier Place_Keyword: Clark Mountains Place_Keyword: Allegheny Mountains Place_Keyword: Arthur Glacier Place_Keyword: Saunders Mountain Place_Keyword: Denfield Mountains Place_Keyword: Radford Island Place_Keyword: Farmer Island Place_Keyword: Morris Island Place_Keyword: Crevasse Valley Glacier Place_Keyword: Hutchinson Island Place_Keyword: Vollmer Island Place_Keyword: Guest Peninsula Place_Keyword: Ochs Glacier Place_Keyword: Fosdick Mountains Place_Keyword: Block Bay Place_Keyword: Driscoll Island Place_Keyword: Balchen Glacier Place_Keyword: Phillips Mountains Place_Keyword: Brennan Point Place_Keyword: Stephen Island Place_Keyword: Nickerson Ice Shelf Place_Keyword: Newman Island Place_Keyword: Siemiatkowski Glacier Place_Keyword: Holcomb Glacier Place_Keyword: El-Sayed Glacier Place_Keyword: Land Glacier Place_Keyword: Groves Island Place_Keyword: Farbo Glacier Place_Keyword: Mount McCoy Place_Keyword: Paschal Glacier Place_Keyword: White Glacier Place_Keyword: Ickes Mountains Place_Keyword: Strauss Glacier Place_Keyword: Cruzen Island Place_Keyword: Land Bay Place_Keyword: Coulter Heights Place_Keyword: Frostman Glacier Place_Keyword: Rubey Glacier Place_Keyword: Hull Bay Place_Keyword: Hull Glacier Place_Keyword: Garfield Glacie Place_Keyword: Kirkpatrick Glacier Place_Keyword: Garfield Glacier Place_Keyword: Rhodes Icefall Place_Keyword: Perkins Glacier Place_Keyword: Cape Burks Place_Keyword: McDonald Heights Place_Keyword: Jackson Glacier Place_Keyword: Johnson Glacier Place_Keyword: Venzke Glacier Place_Keyword: Berry Glacier Place_Keyword: Getz Ice Shelf Place_Keyword: Shephard Island Place_Keyword: Demas Range Place_Keyword: Patton Bluff Place_Keyword: DeVicq Glacier Place_Keyword: Grant Island Place_Keyword: Forrester Island Place_Keyword: Mount Berlin Place_Keyword: Moulton Icefalls Place_Keyword: Mount Moulton Place_Keyword: Dickson Icefalls Place_Keyword: Bursey Icefalls Place_Keyword: Mount Bursey Place_Keyword: Coleman Glacier Place_Keyword: Rosenberg Glacier Place_Keyword: Ames Range Place_Keyword: Mount Andrews Place_Keyword: Jacoby Glacier Place_Keyword: Herbst Glacier Place_Keyword: Mount Kauffman Place_Keyword: Mount Kosciusco Place_Keyword: Flood Range Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard S. Williams Jr. Contact_Position: Project Chief, Coastal Change and Glaciological Maps of Antarctica Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Field Center 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508 457 2347 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rswilliams@usgs.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The assignment of coastal features attributes is done qualitatively through examination of hardcopy Landsat imagery at the approximate scale of 1:500,000. The classification of a coastal feature is determined after examining between one and four Landsat images of the coastal feature. Date attributes are assigned to reflect the collection date of the image used to record a coastal feature. Logical_Consistency_Report: The COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE SAUNDERS COAST AREA, ANTARCTICA is an assessment of change in coastal features examined in three periods of time, early 1970's; middle 1980's to early 1990's and 1997. Data are represented on the map grouped by symbol into these categories. The temporal frame of each period varies. The 1970's time frame is represented by data collected from Landsat 1 and 2 images acquired from December 14, 1972 to February 17, 1976, a period of over three years. The period from the middle 1980's through early 1990's is represented by Landsat 4 and 5 images acquired from December 11, 1986 through February 18, 1990, again a period of over three years. A single Landsat 7 image acquired December 12, 1999 is include in this group but was used only for determination of position of static features. No assessment of change was based on data collected from this image. The 1997 time frame is represented by data collected from the RADARSAT 125m Mosaic of Antarctic. The mosaic is comprised of images accquired in the course of a single mission dedicated to the production of the mosaic. The imagery was acquired from September 9, 1997 to October 20, 1997, a period of forty days. Completeness_Report: Data, in the form of remote-sensing imagery, was collected to study coastal features during three time periods, early 1970's; middle 1980's to early 1990's and 1997. Landsat 1 and 2 scenes selected for the early 1970's period provide complete coverage of the coastline of the study area. Landsat 4 and 5 images provide approximately 90% coverage of the coastline of the study area. Landsat images were selected to provide the highest cloud-free coverage possible but small localized areas of clouds do obscure some of the coastal coverage (less than 5%). The RADARSAT 125 m mosaic of Antarctica provides complete and cloud-free coverage for the 1997 time period. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The RADARSAT 125m Mosaic of Antarctica is used as horizontal control for purposes of this project. Producers of the mosaic claim a postional accuracy of 150m RMS in coastal areas where geodetic control points are abundant. Accuracy decreases towards the interior of the continent, reaching a high of 5 kilometers. An in-depth study of the accuracy of the mosaic by a Geodetic Engineer is included in the text of the report. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Elevation data for this project was excerpted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) produced by Byrd Polar Research Center in conjunction with the RADARSAT Mosaic of Antarctica. Vertical error of the DEM was assessed by comparison with six measured elevation transects. Three of the transects were done via GPS, one by radar echo sounding (RES) and two geodetic leveling. The range of vertical error is from 2 meters RMSE for a 129 kilometer GPS transect to 36 meters RMS for a 580 kilometer leveled transect. Construction and error analysis of this DEM is discussed at length in Liu, 1999. See report for full citation. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS EROS Data Center Publication_Date: 19721222 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1152-15533 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 016 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19721222 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1152-15533 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19730111 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1172-16042 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 018 Row 113 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19730111 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1172-16042 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19730111 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1172-16044 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 018 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19730111 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1172-16044 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19730114 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1175-16213 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 021 Row 113 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19730114 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1175-16213 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19730114 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1175-16215 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 021 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19730114 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1175-16215 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19730114 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1175-16222 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 021 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19730114 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1175-16222 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19721228 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1158-16282 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 022 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19721228 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1158-16282 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19721228 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1158-16284 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 022 Row 116 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19721228 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1158-16284 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19751205 Title: Landsat 2 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 2317-16195 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 023 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19751205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 2317-16195 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19760217 Title: Landsat 2 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 2391-16304 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 025 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19760217 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 2391-16304 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19760217 Title: Landsat 2 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 2391-16311 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 025 Row 116 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19760217 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 2391-16311 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19721214 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1144-16510 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 027 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19721214 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1144-16510 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19721214 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1144-16515 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 027 Row 116 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19721214 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1144-16515 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19731213 Title: Landsat 1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Image no. 1133-17314 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 033 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19731213 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 1133-17314 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19881219 Title: Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 42348-16455 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 024 Row 113 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19881219 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 42348-16455 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19881219 Title: Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 42348-16461 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 024 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19881219 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 42348-16461 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19881219 Title: Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 42348-16464 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 024 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19881219 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 42348-16464 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19890104 Title: Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 42364-16472 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 024 Row 116 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19890104 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 42364-16472 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19861211 Title: Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 51015-16513 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 027 Row 114 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19861211 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 51015-16513 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19861211 Title: Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 51015-16515 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 027 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19861211 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 51015-16515 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19861211 Title: Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 51015-16522 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 027 Row 116 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19861211 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 51015-16522 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19861211 Title: Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 51015-16524 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 027 Row 117 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19861211 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 51015-16524 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19900218 Title: Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. 42774-17240 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 030 Row 115 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19900218 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 42774-17240 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) Publication_Date: 19991212 Title: Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper (TM) Image no. L71030116_1619991212 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 030 Row 116 Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19991212 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat L71030116_1619991212 Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alberts, F.G., ed Publication_Date: 1981 Title: Geographic Names of the Antarctic Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: National Science Foundation Report Issue_Identification: NSF 81-5 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, U.S.A. Publisher: U.S. Board on Geographic Anmes Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 0001 Ending_Date: 1981 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Alberts, 1981 Source_Contribution: location data for named places and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/11, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870117 Ending_Date: 19890117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/11 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/13, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870114 Ending_Date: 19900205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/13 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/9, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870114 Ending_Date: 19900205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/9 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/10, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870114 Ending_Date: 19870120 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/10 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/16, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19821202 Ending_Date: 19870117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/16 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/5-9, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19850124 Ending_Date: 19870117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU6-10/5-9 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/7-11, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19850124 Ending_Date: 19870117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU6-10/7-11 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/4, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870115 Ending_Date: 19891214 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU6-10/4 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU1-5/4, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870115 Ending_Date: 19900205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU1-5/4 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/3, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19841202 Ending_Date: 19891214 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU6-10/3 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/2, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19841202 Ending_Date: 19870117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU6-10/2 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/6-10, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19850124 Ending_Date: 19870117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SU6-10/6-10 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/14, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870114 Ending_Date: 19900205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/14 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. ST5-8/15, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19870117 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/15 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Antarctica satellite image map. SU6-10/1, Antarctica Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia, USA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19870116 Ending_Date: 19900205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ST5-8/11 Source_Contribution: Boundaries of ice streams were obtained from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Liu, H. Originator: Jezek, K. Originator: Li, B. Originator: Zhao, Z. Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model Version 2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center Online_Linkage: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0082.html Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1940 Ending_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Radarsat DEM V2 Source_Contribution: elevation data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jezek, Kenneth C. Publication_Date: unknown Title: RADARSAT-1 SAR Mosaic of Antarctica - Med Res (125m pixel) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, USA Publisher: Alaska SAR Facility Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Online_Linkage: http://www.asf.alaska.edu/amm1/mosaic_med_res.html Type_of_Source_Media: online CD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970909 Ending_Date: 19971022 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Radarsat 125m Mosaic Source_Contribution: digital mapping base position of dynamic coastal features in 1997 Process_Step: Process_Description: Hardcopy Landsat images are used where digital data are not available. Hardcopy is used in almost all cases. Hardcopy images are scanned to TIFF format digital files at a resolution of 400 dots per inch and a grayscale depth of 256 shades of gray. TIFF files are imported into commercial image-processing software for spatial correction. The images are corrected using a first-order polynomial adjustment based on tie-point correlation to the georeferenced RADARSAT mosaic. Standard procedure dictates that tie-points are best selected to form uniform distribution across the image to be corrected. The procedure for selecting tie-point deviated from standard procedure for two reasons: (1) Radar images such as the RADARSAT base suffer from "layover" or displacement of relief in the horizontal plane in the direction of the nadir line with respect to the sampling device. The degree of displacement is proportional to the magnitude of relief so tie-points are selected only in areas of low relief. (2) Coastal features are the primary interest of this study so tie-points are selected preferentially on or near coastal features in order to assure that corrections to the image are based preferentially on coastal feature data. Process_Date: 2001 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 6971 Column_Count: 8387 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing addres Address: Box 25286 Building 810 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4200 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202 4188 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: hours: 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM Monday through Friday (Mountain Time) Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20020319 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin Foley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Eastern Region, Earth Surface Processes Team Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 926A City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6032 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998