Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Foley, Kevin M. Originator: Ferrigno, Jane G. Originator: Swithinbank, Charles Originator: Williams, Richard S., Jr. Originator: Orndorff, Audrey L. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: COASTAL CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE AMERY ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1961-2004 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Geologic Investigations Map Issue_Identification: I-2600-Q Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia U.S.A. Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i2600Q Description: Abstract: Measurement of change in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet is critically important during an interval of global warming, because of implications to rise in global sea level. For this reason, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has utilized its extensive archive of satellite images and maps, combined with MODIS and RADARSAT imagery and derived products to document changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica. Although changes in the areal extent of the Antarctic ice sheet are not directly related to changes in mass balance, the two are related, and the analysis of the changing coastline can yield important data. This map portrays coastal change and glaciological features in the Amery Ice Shelf region. Coastal change is evident on the outlet glaciers along the coast, but most of the noticeable change occurs on the Amery Ice Shelf front. Purpose: The Coastal-Change and Glaciological Mapping Project has the following objectives: (1) to determine coastline changes that have occured in the past by incorporating data from a broad range of geospatial sources; (2) to establish an accurate baseline series of 1:1,000,000-scale maps that define, from the analysis of Landsat and RADARSAT images, the glaciological characteristics of the coastline of Antarctica; (3) to determine velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves, and the position of the grounding line from analysis of Landsat images and other sources of the same areas taken over time; (4) to compile a comprehensive inventory of named and unnamed outlet glaciers and ice streams in Antarctica that are mappable from Landsat images or from ancillary sources such as maps, gazeteers, digital databases, etc. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1961 Ending_Date: 2004 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 80.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: -67.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: coastal change Theme_Keyword: glaciology Theme_Keyword: ice velocity Theme_Keyword: iceberg Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alberts, F.G., ed., 1995, Geographic names of the Antarctic, second edition, 1995 -- Names approves by the United States Board on Geographic Names: Arlington, Va., National Science Foundation Report No. NSF 95-157, 834 p. Place_Keyword: American Highland Place_Keyword: Mac. Robertson Land Place_Keyword: Amery Basin Place_Keyword: Ingrid Christensen Coast Place_Keyword: Kemp Coast Place_Keyword: Lars Christensen Coast Place_Keyword: Mawson Coast Place_Keyword: Bjerkø Peninsula Place_Keyword: Breidnes Peninsula Place_Keyword: Cape Bruce Place_Keyword: Cape Daly Place_Keyword: Cape Darnley Place_Keyword: Cape Fletcher Place_Keyword: Cape Rouse Place_Keyword: Cape Simpson Place_Keyword: Cape Wilkins Place_Keyword: Ives Tongue Place_Keyword: Jetty Peninsula Place_Keyword: Langnes Peninsula Place_Keyword: Low Tongue Place_Keyword: Mule Peninsula Place_Keyword: Pioneer Crossing Place_Keyword: Stornes Peninsula Place_Keyword: Mawson Escarpment Place_Keyword: Amery Ice Shelf Place_Keyword: Arriens Glacier Place_Keyword: Battye Glacier Place_Keyword: Browns Glacier Place_Keyword: Brunvoll Glacier Place_Keyword: Budd Ice Rumples Place_Keyword: Chaos Glacier Place_Keyword: Charybdis Glacier Place_Keyword: Collins Glacier Place_Keyword: Cosgrove Glacier Place_Keyword: Dålk Glacier Place_Keyword: Dolinnyy Glacier Place_Keyword: England Glacier Place_Keyword: Fisher Glacier Place_Keyword: Flatnes Ice Tongue Place_Keyword: Forbes Glacier Place_Keyword: Geysen Glacier Place_Keyword: Glukhoy Glacier Place_Keyword: Greenall Glacier Place_Keyword: Hargreaves Glacier Place_Keyword: Helmore Glacier Place_Keyword: Hoseason Glacier Place_Keyword: Hovde Glacier Place_Keyword: Il Polo Glacier Place_Keyword: Korotkiy Glacier Place_Keyword: Kreitzer Glacier Place_Keyword: Kronshtadtskiy Glacier Place_Keyword: Lambert Glacier Place_Keyword: Lepekhin Glacier Place_Keyword: Manning Glacier Place_Keyword: McKinnon Glacier Place_Keyword: Mellor Glacier Place_Keyword: Morgan Glacier Place_Keyword: Mulebreen Place_Keyword: Nemesis Glacier Place_Keyword: Peterson Icefalls Place_Keyword: Petkovic Glacier Place_Keyword: Polar Record Glacier Place_Keyword: Polar Times Glacier Place_Keyword: Polarårboken Glacier Place_Keyword: Polarforschung Glacier Place_Keyword: Publications Ice Shelf Place_Keyword: Ranvik Glacier Place_Keyword: Razdelyayushchiy Glacier Place_Keyword: Robert Glacier Place_Keyword: Rofe Glacier Place_Keyword: Rogers Glacier Place_Keyword: Sørsdal Glacier Place_Keyword: Sørsdal Glacier Tongue Place_Keyword: Sandefjord Ice Bay Place_Keyword: Scoble Glacier Place_Keyword: Scylla Glacier Place_Keyword: Shennong Glacier Place_Keyword: Sheraton Glacier Place_Keyword: Stevenson Glacier Place_Keyword: Strahan Glacier Place_Keyword: Styles Glacier Place_Keyword: Tekuchiy Glacier Place_Keyword: Tingey Glacier Place_Keyword: Trail Glacier Place_Keyword: Turk Glacier Place_Keyword: Utstikkar Glacier Place_Keyword: Utstikkar Glacier Tongue Place_Keyword: Wilma Glacier Place_Keyword: Beaver Lake Place_Keyword: Law Plateau Place_Keyword: Amery Peaks Place_Keyword: Aramis Range Place_Keyword: Athos Range Place_Keyword: Cumpston Massif Place_Keyword: McKaskle Hills Place_Keyword: McLeod Massif Place_Keyword: Porthos Range Place_Keyword: Shaw Massif Place_Keyword: Thomson Massif Place_Keyword: Allison Dome Place_Keyword: Anare Nunataks Place_Keyword: Blake Nunataks Place_Keyword: Dawson Nunatak Place_Keyword: Goodspeed Nunataks Place_Keyword: Melvold Nunataks Place_Keyword: Mikkelsen Peak Place_Keyword: Pionerskiy Dome Place_Keyword: Point Appleby Place_Keyword: Prince Charles Mountains Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey 926A National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 5285 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Date attributes are assigned to reflect the acquisition date of the image used to record a coastal feature. Logical_Consistency_Report: The COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE AMERY ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA is an assessment of change in coastal features examined in several time periods. Features from the 1960's are recorded from Defense Mapping Agency Maps. Landsat images, as single scenes and image mosaics, are used from the early 1970's to 2004. The 1997 time frame is represented by data collected from the RADARSAT 125 m Mosaic of Antarctica. The mosaic is comprised of images accquired in the course of a single mission dedicated to the production of the mosaic. The imagery was acquired from September 9, 1997 to October 20, 1997, a period of forty days. The position of coastal ice features are recorded from the year 2004 from the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica. Completeness_Report: Data in the form of remote-sensing imagery were collected to study coastal features during three time periods from early from the 1970's to 2004. Defense Mapping Agency Maps provide ice front information for the 1960's. The RADARSAT 125 meter resolution mosaic of Antarctica provides complete and cloud-free coverage for the 1997 time period. The MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica provided ice front position for the year 2004. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The RADARSAT 125m Mosaic of Antarctica is used as horizontal control for purposes of this project. Producers of the mosaic claim a postional accuracy of 150m RMS in coastal areas where geodetic control points are abundant. Accuracy decreases towards the interior of the continent, reaching a high of 5 kilometers. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Elevation data for this project was excerpted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) produced by Byrd Polar Research Center in conjunction with the RADARSAT Mosaic of Antarctica. Vertical error of the DEM was assessed by comparison with six measured elevation transects. Three of the transects were done via GPS, one by radar echo sounding (RES) and two geodetic leveling. The range of vertical error is from 2 meters RMSE for a 129 kilometer GPS transect to 36 meters RMS for a 580 kilometer leveled transect. 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Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20010106 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS EROS Data Center Publication_Date: 20021123 Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7138107000232750 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 138 Row 107 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20021123 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS EROS Data Center Publication_Date: 20021216 Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7139107000235050 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Other_Citation_Details: Path 139 Row 107 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20021216 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat Source_Contribution: coastal image Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Liu, H. Originator: Jezek, K. Originator: Li, B. Originator: Zhao, Z. Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model Version 2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center Online_Linkage: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0082.html Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1940 Ending_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Radarsat DEM V2 Source_Contribution: elevation data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jezek, Kenneth C. Publication_Date: unknown Title: RADARSAT-1 SAR Mosaic of Antarctica - Med Res (125m pixel) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, USA Publisher: Alaska SAR Facility Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Online_Linkage: http://www.asf.alaska.edu/amm1/mosaic_med_res.html Type_of_Source_Media: online CD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970909 Ending_Date: 19971022 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Radarsat 125m Mosaic Source_Contribution: digital mapping base position of dynamic coastal features in 1997 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Scambos, Ted Originator: Raup, Bruce Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Antarctic Ice Velocity Data: VELMAP Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado USA Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Online_Linkage: http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/velmap.html Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1956 Ending_Date: 1979 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Amery Ice Shelf Velocity Data Source_Contribution: glacier velocity data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Antarctic Division Publication_Date: 19900101 Title: 1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Beaver Lake Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19890318 Ending_Date: 19891129 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Beaver Lake, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Antarctic Division Publication_Date: 19950101 Title: 1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Mawson Escarpment North Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19890318 Ending_Date: 19891129 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Beaver Lake, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Antarctic Division Publication_Date: 19950101 Title: 1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Mawson Escarpment South Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19890318 Ending_Date: 19890329 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mawson Escarpment South, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Antarctic Division Publication_Date: 19970101 Title: 1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount Menzies Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19891118 Ending_Date: 19910116 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mount Menzies, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Antarctic Division Publication_Date: 19920101 Title: 1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Scylla Glacier Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19740315 Ending_Date: 19891118 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scylla Glacier, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Division of National Mapping Publication_Date: 19740101 Title: 1:500,000-scale ETRS Imagery Series of Australian Antarctic Territory, Sheet SR 41-42d Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Canberra, Australia Publisher: Division of National Mapping, Dept. of National Development Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19711001 Ending_Date: 19711001 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETRS SR 41-42d, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Division of National Mapping Publication_Date: 19750101 Title: 1:500,000-scale ETRS Imagery Series of Australian Antarctic Territory, Sheet SR 40-42b Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Canberra, Australia Publisher: Division of National Mapping, Dept. of National Development Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19740101 Ending_Date: 19740101 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETRS SR 40-42b, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Australian Division of National Mapping Publication_Date: 19750101 Title: 1:500,000-scale ETRS Imagery Series of Australian Antarctic Territory, Sheet SR 40-42/4 Edition: 1st ed. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Canberra, Australia Publisher: Division of National Mapping, Dept. of National Development Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19740101 Ending_Date: 19740101 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETRS SR 40-42/4, Antarctica Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features Process_Step: Process_Description: Hardcopy Landsat images are used where digital data are not available. Hardcopy is used in almost all cases. Hardcopy images are scanned to TIFF format digital files at a resolution of 400 dots per inch and a grayscale depth of 256 shades of gray. TIFF files are imported into commercial image-processing software for spatial correction. The images are corrected using a first-order polynomial adjustment based on tie-point correlation to the georeferenced RADARSAT mosaic. Standard procedure dictates that tie-points are best selected to form uniform distribution across the image to be corrected. The procedure for selecting tie-point deviated from standard procedure for two reasons: (1) Radar images such as the RADARSAT base suffer from "layover" or displacement of relief in the horizontal plane in the direction of the nadir line with respect to the sampling device. The degree of displacement is proportional to the magnitude of relief so tie-points are selected only in areas of low relief. (2) Coastal features are the primary interest of this study so tie-points are selected preferentially on or near coastal features in order to assure that corrections to the image are based preferentially on coastal feature data. Process_Date: 2005 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 6971 Column_Count: 8387 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286 Building 810 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4200 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202 4188 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: hours: 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM Monday through Friday (Mountain Time) Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20030718 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin Foley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Eastern Region, Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 926A City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6032 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998