Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: David S. Fullerton Originator: Susan M. Ringrose Originator: Lee Clayton Originator: Bryan T. Schreiner Originator: Joseph E. Goebel Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Quaternary geologic map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States and Canada Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Issue_Identification: I-1420 (NM-14) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1983- Title: Quaternary geologic atlas of the United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Investigations Series Issue_Identification: I-1420 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Description: Abstract: The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada, is a component of the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series (Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420), an effort to produce 4° × 6° Quaternary geologic maps, at 1:1 million scale, of the entire conterminous United States and adjacent Canada. The map and the accompanying text and supplemental illustrations provide a regional overview of the areal distributions and characteristics of surficial deposits and materials of Quaternary age (~1.8 Ma to present) in parts of North Dakota, Minnesota, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The map is not a map of soils as soils are recognized in agriculture. Rather, it is a map of soils as recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which agricultural soils are formed. The map units are distinguished chiefly on the basis of (1)genesis (processes of origin) or environments of deposition: for example, sediments deposited primarily by glacial ice (glacial deposits or till), sediments deposited in lakes (lacustrine deposits), or sediments deposited by wind (eolian deposits); (2) age: for example, how long ago the deposits accumulated; (3) texture (grain size)of the deposits or materials; (4) composition (particle lithology) of the deposits or materials; (5) thickness; and (6) other physical, chemical, and engineering properties. Supplemental illustrations show (1) temporal correlation of the map units, (2) the areal relationships of late Wisconsin glacial ice lobes and sublobes, (3) temporal and spatial correlation of late Wisconsin glacial phases, readvance limits, and ice margin stillstands, (4) temporal and stratigraphic correlation of surface and subsurface glacial deposits in the Winnipeg quadrangle and in adjacent 4° × 6° quadrangles, and (5) responsibility for state and province compilations. The database provides information related to geologic hazards (for example, materials that are characterized by expansive clay minerals; landslide deposits or landslide-prone deposits), natural resources (for example, sources of aggregate, peat, and clay; potential shallow sources of groundwater), and areas of environmental concern (for example, areas that are potentially suitable for specific ecosystem habitats; areas of potential soil and groundwater contamination). All of these aspects of the database relate directly to land use, management, and policy. The map, text, and accompanying illustrations provide a database of regional scope related to geologic history, climatic changes, the stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks of surface and subsurface deposits and materials of Quaternary age, and other problems and concerns. Purpose: The primary objectives were (1) to produce a map of surficial deposits and materials of Quaternary age in the Winnipeg 4° × 6° quadrangle, integrating the Quaternary geology across the International Boundary between North Dakota and Minnesota (in the United States), and Manitoba and Saskatchewan (in Canada), and (2) to compile descriptive information related to the deposits and materials. Based on that integration of data, a secondary objective was to reconstruct the stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks of the surface and subsurface glacial deposits and to reconstruct the glacial history in the region. The data set is a compilation and a synthesis of available data from the region. Because of the generalization required to produce a map at 1:1 million scale, the map is intended for regional analysis, rather than for detailed analysis in specific areas. Supplemental_Information: The map data were compiled from many sources, including maps at scales as large as 1:24,000. Sources of information are listed in a 16-page pamphlet that accompanies the printed edition of the map. The pamphlet is also available online as a PDF file that accompanies the browse graphic for the map. Most of the original map data were compiled at 1:250,000 scale by the compilers. Those data were provided to the editor/integrator by the compilers, at either 1:250,000 scale, 1:500,000 scale, or 1:1,000,000 scale. Data provided at smaller scales were photographically reduced to 1:1,000,000 scale by the editor/integrator. The source data were greatly simplified or generalized for the purposes of this compilation. Consequently, this map, at 1:1,000,000 scale, is intended to be used for regional analysis, rather than for detailed analysis of specific areas in the region. The digital file was prepared at 1:1,000,000 nominal viewing scale. If the map is enlarged to larger scales (for example, 1:250,000, 1:100,000, or 1:24,000 scale), resolution of the map data is greatly diminished. Enlargement will not restore resolution that was lost by simplification or generalization of data. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1976 Ending_Date: 1996 Currentness_Reference: The Quaternary geology of the Winnipeg quadrangle was compiled 1976-85, 1987, and 1990-96. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -102.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -96.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute (AGI) Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: Alluvial fan deposit Theme_Keyword: Alluvium Theme_Keyword: Catastrophic flood Theme_Keyword: Colluvium Theme_Keyword: Corrugated moraine Theme_Keyword: Debris-flow deposit Theme_Keyword: Delta deposit Theme_Keyword: Density-current underflow-fan deposit Theme_Keyword: Dune Theme_Keyword: Earthflow deposit Theme_Keyword: End moraine Theme_Keyword: Eolian deposit Theme_Keyword: Esker Theme_Keyword: Flood deposit Theme_Keyword: Geologic history Theme_Keyword: Geologic map Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Glacial deposit Theme_Keyword: GLacial history Theme_Keyword: Glacial lake Theme_Keyword: Glacial limit Theme_Keyword: Glacial lobe Theme_Keyword: Glacial sublobe Theme_Keyword: Glaciation Theme_Keyword: Glaciofluvial deposit Theme_Keyword: Glaciotectonic deposit Theme_Keyword: Glaciotectonic terrain Theme_Keyword: Ground moraine Theme_Keyword: Ice-contact deposit Theme_Keyword: Interlobate moraine Theme_Keyword: Kame Theme_Keyword: Kame moraine Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine deposit Theme_Keyword: Limit of glaciation Theme_Keyword: Minor moraine Theme_Keyword: Muck Theme_Keyword: Mudflow deposit Theme_Keyword: Outwash deposit Theme_Keyword: Paleosol Theme_Keyword: Peat Theme_Keyword: Quaternary stratigraphy Theme_Keyword: Remanent geomagnetic polarity Theme_Keyword: Sheetwash alluvium Theme_Keyword: Slump-block deposit Theme_Keyword: Stagnation moraine Theme_Keyword: Surficial geology Theme_Keyword: Swamp deposit Theme_Keyword: Tephra Theme_Keyword: Till Theme_Keyword: Washboard moraine Theme_Keyword: Weathered zone Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) and Gazateer of Canada (Natural Resources Canada) Place_Keyword: Canada Place_Keyword: Duck Mountain Place_Keyword: Lake Manitoba Place_Keyword: Lake Winnipeg Place_Keyword: Manitoba Place_Keyword: Minnesota Place_Keyword: North Dakota Place_Keyword: Riding Mountain Place_Keyword: Saskatchewan Place_Keyword: Turtle Mountain Place_Keyword: United States Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute (AGI) Glossary of Geology Temporal_Keyword: Calibrated (CAL) age Temporal_Keyword: Early Wisconsin Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Temporal_Keyword: Illinoian Temporal_Keyword: Late Wisconsin Temporal_Keyword: Middle Wisconsin Temporal_Keyword: Pleistocene Temporal_Keyword: Pliocene Temporal_Keyword: Pre-Illinoian Temporal_Keyword: Pre-Wisconsin Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary Temporal_Keyword: Radiocarbon age Temporal_Keyword: Sangamon Temporal_Keyword: Tertiary Temporal_Keyword: Wisconsin Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Acknowledgment of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States and (or) the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data will be appreciated. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Fullerton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: Box 25046, Mail Stop 913, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-1232 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-0214 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fullerton@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Complete map layout, including supplemental illustrations, correlation diagram, full description of map units and symbols, and location and description of 43 stratigraphic sections. An accompanying pamphlet contains references cited. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Set_Credit: The Quaternary geology of the Winnipeg quadrangle was compiled by David S. Fullerton, U.S. Geological Survey, Susan M. Ringrose, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines, Lee Clayton, North Dakota Geological Survey, Bryan T. Schreiner, Saskatchewan Research Council, and Joseph E. Goebel, Minnesota Geological Survey; the state and province compilations were edited and integrated by David S. Fullerton; the draft compilation was converted to digital form by Techni Graphic Systems, Inc., of Fort Collins, CO, under contract with the U.S. Geological Survey, and by Nancy Shock, U.S. Geological Survey. The map was edited and the digitized product proofread by Diane E. Lane, U.S. Geological Survey. Native_Data_Set_Environment: ARC/INFO v. 7.2.1, Solaris 2.6. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Compilation of geologic data: The accuracy of the map data is dependent on (1) the accuracy of the original source data, (2) the accuracy of transfer of that data to larger scale bases by the compilers, (3) the procedures by which the compilers and the editor/integrator simplified or generalized the data, and (4) the procedures used by, and the objectivity exercised by, the editor/integrator in integration of adjacent parts of the map that were prepared by different compilers. Consequently, aspects of accuracy for the data set cannot be quantified. Digitization and attributing of hand-drafted compilation: Digitizing contractor scanned source stable-base material, vectorized scan, attributed files from author drafting and annotations, and produced check plots and coverages. First author and map editor proofread check plots, and digital map specialist reviewed digital files. Digitizing contractor corrected attributing as needed and produced new check plots. Digital map specialist and editor proofread new check plots and reviewed digital files, making final corrections as needed; editor imported files into graphics program to prepare cartographic product. First author proofread cartographic product (the map sheet layout and pamphlet). This map was thoroughly reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Logical_Consistency_Report: Most of the map data were compiled from published and unpublished maps at larger scales. The map data, text information, and data used to produce the supplemental illustrations were obtained from many sources, listed in "Sources of Information." The map and text data provided by the compilers were integrated by the editor, and supplemental data (for example, some of the symbols on the map), from listed sources, were added by the editor. The data were compiled and integrated in 1976-85, 1987, and 1990-96. The time period represented by specific data is not specified. Completeness_Report: The map data from Manitoba in the northeastern part of the quadrangle and in the eastern part of the quadrangle north of Minnesota were derived primarily from a single source (Nielsen, Erik, Ringrose, S.M., Matile, G.L.D., Groom, Heather, Mihychuk, M.A., and Conley, G.G., 1981, Surficial Geologic Map of Manitoba: Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines Mineral Resources Map 81-1, scale 1:1,000,000). The compiler for that region was not available to update that compilation in 1990-96, and most of the other sources of information related to that region in Manitoba (listed in "Sources of Information") were not available to the editor. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of location of polygons, lines, and points is consistent with the map scale of 1:1,000,000. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Digitizing contractor scanned source stable-base material, vectorized scan, attributed files from author drafting and annotations, and produced check plots and coverages. Process_Date: 1999 Process_Step: Process_Description: First author and map editor proofread check plots, and digital map specialist reviewed digital files. Process_Date: 1999 Process_Step: Process_Description: Digitizing contractor corrected attributing as needed and produced new check plots. Process_Date: 1999 Process_Step: Process_Description: Digital map specialist and editor proofread new check plots and reviewed digital files, making final corrections as needed; editor imported files into graphics program to prepare cartographic product. Process_Date: 1999 Process_Step: Process_Description: Cartographic product printed; digital files for database and PDF files of cartographic product placed on ftp server. Process_Date: 2000 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Conformal Conic Lambert_Conformal_Conic: Standard_Parallel: 48.6666666667 Standard_Parallel: 51.3333333333 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -99.00 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 0 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The dataset for the Winnipeg quadrangle consists of seven coverages: >grfx_pnt >geo_net >stru_lin >geo_pnt >pnt_sym >data_pnt >data_net The coverage grfx_pnt is not a "true" ARC/INFO coverage. It contains graphic representations of symbols used on the geologic map and included in the coverages data_pnt, geo_pnt, and pnt_sym. The dataset also includes grfx_pnt.dxf, a dxf file derived from grfx_pnt, and wingx.shp, a shapefile derived from grfx_pnt.dxf. The file wingx.shp is readily imported into graphics programs and will import as the graphics symbols shown on the printed edition of the map layout and in the pdf file that accompanies the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The geo_net coverage includes polygons that are map units and open water, and arcs that are contacts, colorboundaries (other than contacts), and shoreline. The geo_net.pat INFO file consists of the following items: GEOCODE--Refers to the type of polygon and is one of the following: "map unit," "glaciotectonic deposits (IT)," or "open water." To interpret the map unit symbols, refer to the explanation of unit symbols as coded by NAME. NAME--Refers to the map unit name and associated symbol. NOTE: Map unit symbols in geo_net.pat include some symbols that incorporate letters in parentheses (for example, tc(e) ), but the distinction between units tc and tc(e) is shown on the printed edition of the map and in the PDF file by color, and the parenthetical letter is dropped. The parenthetical letters of such units are retained in the geo_net.pat so as to preserve the distinction between units in the absence of color. Items in geo_net.pat are defined as follows: >ed Dune sand (Holocene) >eu Eolian sheet sand and silt (Holocene) >hp Peat and muck (Holocene) >al Alluvium (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >afj Alluvial-fan deposit (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >lca Lake clay and silt (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >lss Lake silt and sand (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >lsa Lake sand and gravel (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >lu Lake clay, silt, sand, and gravel (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >jea Slump-block, earthflow, debris-flow, and mudflow landslide deposits (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >caa Colluvium, sheetwash alluvium, and landslide deposits (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >hs Swamp deposit (Holocene and Late Wisconsin) >tc Clayey till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tc(e) Clayey till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tlg Loamy till (Late Wisconsin) >tku Loamy till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tku(e) Loamy till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tkr Loamy till, discontinuous loamy till (Late Wisconsin) >tlx Loamy till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tlx(q) Loamy till, flood-scoured till (Late Wisconsin) >tlx(e) Loamy till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tlx(s) Loamy till, stagnation moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tlr Loamy till, discontinous loamy till (Late Wisconsin) >tlw Loamy till, ground moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tlw(e) Loamy till, end moraine (Late Wisconsin) >tsr Discontinuous sandy till (Late Wisconsin) >ke Kame moraine deposit (Late Wisconsin) >kg Ice-contact sand and gravel (Late Wisconsin) >ks Ice-contact sand (Late Wisconsin) >gk Outwash and ice-contact gravel, sand, and silt (Late Wisconsin) >gg Outwash sand and gravel (Late Wisconsin) >gs Outwash sand and silt (Late Wisconsin) >aqa Flood deposits (Late Wisconsin) >aqb Flood deposits and flood-scoured till (Late Wisconsin) >lda Lake density-current underflow-fan deposit (Late Wisconsin) >ldb Lake delta deposit (Late Wisconsin) >IT Glaciotectonic deposits >water Open water (only the largest lakes were attributed as open water). The geo_net.aat INFO file consists of the following items: GEOCODE_L-Refers to the type of arc and is one of the following: "contact," "colorboundary," and "shoreline." ACCURACY-Refers to accuracy of location of arcs in the geo_net coverage (for this map the only accuracy code is "certain"). The stru_lin coverage includes arcs that are various glacial features, limits, or margins. The stru_lin.aat INFO file consists of the following items: GEOCODE-Refers to the type of arc and is one of the following: "limit of glacial advance," "distal margin of glaciotectonic terraine," "glaciotectonic raft," "esker," "washboard moraine," and "ice-molded landform." NOTE: Most of the ice-molded landform features are point features on the geo_pnt coverage that have an orientation but were treated as features of arbitrary length. The actual lengths of a few ice-molded landforms along the south edge of the map area are shown; these arcs are included with the stru_lin coverage. NOTE: The direction of the arcs is significant in that it determines on which side of the arc tics or other decorations are placed to show the side of glacial advance. If these coverages are cleaned the arcs can 'flip' and the tics will end up on the incorrect side of the arc. Please refer to the graphic file for correct placement of tics and other decorations. ACCURACY-Refers to accuracy of location of arcs in the stru_lin coverage and is one of the following: "certain," inferred," or "concealed." The geo_pnt coverage includes points that mark the extent of dune fields and points that show location of ice-molded landforms (drumlins, rock drumlins, flutes, or grooves). The geo_pnt.pat INFO file consists of the following items: GEOCODE-Refers to the type of point feature and is one of the following: "dune" or "ice-molded landform." AZIMUTH-Refers to the orientation of the ice-molded landform. The pnt_sym coverage consists of points that show location of dunes whose orientations indicate wind direction and striations that indicate direction of ice movement. The pnt_sym.pat INFO file consists of the following items: TYPE-Refers to the type of point feature and is one of the following: "wind direction" or "ice-movement." AZIMUTH-Refers to the orientation of the dunes or striations. The data_pnt coverage consists of points that show locations of important stratigraphic sections; these sections are described in a pamphlet that accompanies the printed map sheet. The data_pnt.pat INFO file consists of the following items: GEOCODE-Refers to the point that locates the stratigraphic section and is coded as "location of section." SECTION NUMBER-Refers to the number that identifies the section and corresponds to the description of the section in the printed pamphlet. The data_net coverage consists of arcs that form the quadrangle boundary. The data_net.aat INFO file consists of just one item: GEOCODE_L-Refers to the quadrangle boundary and is coded as "neatline." Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Central Publications Group Contact_Person: Nancy Shock Contact_Position: Digital Map Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey, MS902, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-7684 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-6287 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nshock@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NM-14), "Quaternary Geologic Map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada" Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy and functioning of the data set and related material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE Format_Version_Number: 7.2.1 File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Fees: No cost for the digital files. Technical_Prerequisites: ARC/INFO 7.2.1 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Resource_Description: Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NM-14), "Quaternary Geologic Map of the Winnipeg 4° × 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada" (printed edition) Distribution_Liability: None Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Available as one folded sheet, printed on a four-color press, and accompanying pamphlet (16 pages); order from USGS at address listed above. Fees: Call 1-888-ASK-USGS for price of printed edition. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20000608 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Diane E. Lane Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Central Publications Group Contact_Position: Geologic Map Editor Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: U.S. Geological Survey, MS902, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-5476 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-6287 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: delane@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998