USGS

Movement and Fate of Solutes in a Plume of Sewage-Contaminated Ground Water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program

U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 84-475

by Denis LeBlanc


Table of Contents

Preface

CHAPTER A--DESCRIPTION OF THE HAZARDOUS-WASTE RESEARCH SITE

Abstract

Introduction

Description of study area

Disposal of treated sewage

Hydrologic system

Hydrogeology

Hydrology

References cited

CHAPTER B--DIGITAL MODELING OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN A PLUME OF SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER

Abstract

Introduction

Description of the sewage plume

Digital model of the plume

Description

Simplifying assumptions

Finite-difference grid

Parameter estimation

Hydraulic conductivity

Porosity

Dispersivity

Data requirements

Aquifer boundaries

Aquifer properties

Inflow and outflow

Calibration

Simulation of solute transport

Model application

Input data and assumption

Simulated plume

Differences between observed and computed paths

Two-dimensional simulation of a three-dimensional plume

Interaction of the plume and Ashumet Pond

Sensitivity to dispersivity

Predictive capability of the model

Constant and continuous source of solute

Changes in concentrations of solutes in the source

Summary and conclusions

References cited

 CHAPTER C--SEWAGE CONTAMINANTS IN GROUND WATER

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental procedures

Distribution and movement of inorganic solutes

Specific conductance

Major cations

Major anions

Trace elements

Nutrients

Distribution and movement of organic solutes

Dissolved organic carbon

Detergents

Volatile organic compounds

Conclusions

References cited

CHAPTER D--CLOSED-LOOP STRIPPING COMBINED WITH CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS TO DEFINE A SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANT PLUME

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental procedures

Sample collection

Closed-loop stripping

Standards and blanks

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis

Quantification

Results

Conclusions

References cited

CHAPTER E--EVIDENCE OF MICROBIAL PROCESSES IN SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental procedures

Analysis of inorganic constituents

Dissolved organic carbon

Enumeration of viable cells

Evidence of microbial processes

Temperature, pH, and specific conductance

Dissolved oxygen

Nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate

Plate counts

Dissolved organic carbon

Coliforms

Summary and conclusions

References cited

CHAPTER F--MICROBIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HETEROTROPHIC UPTAKE IN A SEWAGE PLUME

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental procedures

Collection of samples

Enumeration of bacteria

Microbial distribution and heterotrophic uptake

Microbial distribution

Heterotrophic uptake

Relation of bacteria to proximity to contamination source

Summary

References cited

CHAPTER G--PRELIMINARY STUDY OF DENITRIFICATION IN A PLUME OF SEWAGE CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER

Abstract

Introduction

Overview of denitrification

Experimental procedures

Sample collection

Denitrification assay

Results and discussion

Summary and conclusions

References cited


 

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