SITENO_COMBINED	DEPOSIT_NAME	DEPOSIT_TYPE	COMMODITIES_MAJOR	COMMODITIES_MINOR	LATITUDE_DMS	LONGITUDE_DMS	LATITUDE_DD	LONGITUDE_DD	LATITUDE_DD	LONGITUDE_DD	GRADE_TONNAGE	GRADE	TONNAGE	FINENESS	DEPOSIT_SIZA	YEARS_OF_PRODUCTION	MAP_ROW	MAP_COL_	NO_IN_SECTION	REFERENCES	SUMMARY

L54-01	Il'inka River	Placer Au	Au		47 57 37N	142 15 57E	47.9602777777778	142.265833333333	47¿58'N	142¿16'E	Size: Small.  				Small		L	54	01	V.D. Sidorenko , 1977.	Gold is fine, 0.2 to 0.3 mm.  Heavy-mineral concentrate consists of chromite, epidote, and garnet.  Small gold-cinnabar occurrences are presumably sources for the placer. Deposit occurs along the Il'inka River near where it discharges into Tatar Strait.  Alluvium of the first (lowest) floodplain terrace is gold-bearing.  

M10-01	Bridge River Camp	Placer Au	Au		50 50 00N	122 50 00W	50.8333333333333	-122.833333333333	50¿50'N	122¿50'W	Production of 171 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1902-1990.  Fineness: 812-864		Production of 171 kg fine Au	812-864		1902-1990	M	10	01	B.C. Minfile, 1991.	Gold occurs in gravels of ancient river channels, and reworked gravels in modern river bed and banks.  The bedrock to the gravels is Shulaps serpentinite and Bridge River slate.  The source of the gold may be quartz-pyrite-gold veins that are hosted in Permo-Triassic diorite, gabbro and greenstone within the Caldwallader Break, including Bralorne and Pioneer mines.  Primary mineralization is associated with Late Cretaceous porphyry dikes. Bridge River area was worked for placer gold as early as 1860, but production figures were included with Fraser River figures until 1902. 

M10-02	Fraser River	Placer Au, Pt, Ir	Au		53 40 00N	122 43 00W	53.6666666666667	-122.716666666667	53¿40'N	122¿43'W	Production of 5689 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1857-1990.  Fineness: 855-892		Production of 5689 kg fine Au	855-892		1857-1990	M	10	02	British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1989.	Gold first found on a tributary of the Fraser River in 1857.  Large amounts of gold were found shallowly buried in bars on the lower river in 1858.  Gold occurs along several hundred miles of the Fraser.  Fine gold was found as far as 25 miles below Hope.  Coarse gold occurs further up river, as far as Lillooet.  Coarse gold was considered of local origin, eroded from belts of argillite and micaceous schists along the river.  Mesothermal gold-quartz veins of the Carolin camp, hosted in Permo-Jurassic sediments of Hozameen and Ladner groups, are one possible source of placer gold.  The Fraser River fault zone follows a major inter-terrane suture that includes the Coquihalla serpentinite belt plus numerous granitoid plutons all of which may have been controlling factors on the emplacement of original lode-gold veins.  Fine gold was probably reworked from glacial gravels and transported considerable distances from the source.  Some platinum and iridium have also been found near Lytton.  

M10-03	North Thompson-Tranquille	Placer Au	Au		51 27 00N	120 13 00W	51.45	-120.216666666667	51¿27'N	120¿13'W	Production of 424 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1852-1990.  Fineness: 827-916		Production of 424 kg fine Au	827-916		1852-1990	M	10	03	B.C. Minfile, 1989.	Placer gold-bearing creeks are underlain by volcanic rocks of the Nicola Assemblage and metasedimentary rocks of underlying Harper Ranch Group, both intruded by Early Jurassic plutons of the Guichon and Copper Mountain Suites.  Polymetallic Au-Ag veins, as at Vidette, associated with the plutons are a probable source of placer gold.

M10-04	Tulameen-Similkameen Camp	Placer Au-Pt-Ag	Au		49 26 00N	120 31 00W	49.4333333333333	-120.516666666667	49¿26'N	120¿31'W	Production of 1171 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1853-1990.  Fineness: 869-889		Production of 1171 kg fine Au	869-889		1853-1990	M	10	04	Rice, 1960; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; Boyle, 1976; B.C. Minfile, 1992.	Gold discovered on Similkameen River in 1853.  Platinum and gold are recovered from the Tulameen River and its tributaries, in some places more platinum than gold was recovered. Estimated up to 20,000 oz of platinum were recovered between 1885-1963.  The origin of the platinum is the Upper Triassic Tulameen mafic-ultramafic complex, cut by the Tulameen River.  It occurs with gold in black sands.  Gold is generally rough and angular, sometimes with  quartz adhering to it.  The source of the gold is believed to be the auriferous veins of Grasshopper Mountain.  Since the area is blanketed in glacial material, erosion of gold and platinum from the host rock must have occurred in pre-glacial times.  Post-glacial streams have reworked some of the older placers.

M10-05	Coquihalla River Camp	Placer Au, Pt 	Au		49 24 00N	121 13 00W	49.4	-121.216666666667	49¿24'N	121¿13'W	Production of 3.9 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1874-1990.  Fineness: 850-901		Production of 3.9 kg fine Au	850-901		1874-1990	M	10	05	B.C. Minfile, 1988.	District is underlain by the Coquihalla Serpentine Belt, comprised chiefly of serpentinite intersected by large and small dioritic dikes and a few quartz-porphyry dikes.

M10-06	Leech River Camp	Placer Au	Au		48 30 00N	123 44 00W	48.5	-123.733333333333	48¿30'N	123¿44'W	Production of 277 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1864-1940.  Fineness: 864-890		Production of 277 kg fine Au	864-890		1864-1940	M	10	06	British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1990.	Placer gold occurs in gravels of streams that drain slaty schists of the Jurassic to Cretaceous Leech River Formation.  The drainages occupy in part the Leech River fault that  separated Leech River Formation of Pacific Rim Terrane to the north from Tertiary Metchosin  volcanics of the Crescent Terrane to the south. Gold in Recent gravels is probably derived from small auriferous quartz veins and stringers in the schists. Veins are too small to be mined.  Placer gold also occurs in coastal areas in what appears to be remains of a glacial delta that drained the Leech River valley. Gold was found on the Leech River in 1864.

M11-01	Big Bend Camp	Placer Au	Au		51 39 00N	118 37 00W	51.65	-118.616666666667	51¿39'N	118¿37'W	Productionof 2678 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1864-1990.  Fineness: 901-910		Productionof 2678 kg fine Au	901-910		1864-1990	M	11	01	Holland, 1950; Wheeler, 1965; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1988.	Coarse grains and nuggets of gold occur along bedrock in McCulloch Creek and French Creek, and fine colors in gravel probably have their source in quartz-gold veins in the headwaters of McCulloch and Graham Creeks. Area is underlain by Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Shuswap region of Kootenay terrane, on the northeastern flank of the Monashee terrane.  

M11-02	Lardeau-Duncan and Lake-Bugaboo	Placer Au, U Th, Nb	Au	U Th, Nb	50 22 00N	116 57 00W	50.3666666666667	-116.95	50¿22'N	116¿57'W	Production of 15.9 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1850-1990.  Fineness: 792-845		Production of 15.9 kg fine Au	792-845		1850-1990	M	11	02	Galloway, 1932; Reesor, 1973; Northern Miner, October 25, 1979; B.C. Minfile, 1987.	Districts contain several creeks that drain the Cretaceous Bugaboo Batholith. Placers contain concentrations of uranium, thorium, and niobium.  Reserves for Vowell Creek are 15,292,000 m3 at 18.1 g/t U and 196.28 g/ m3 Nb2O5.  Malloy Creek reserves are 9,330,000 m3, 19.6 g/m3 U, 97.85 g/ m3 Nb2O5 and 68.8 g/m3 thorium oxide.  Upper Bugaboo Creek reserves are reported as 1,000,000 m3  with 0.18% U. Auriferous quartz-filled shears occur in schists of Lardeau and Hamill groups.There is a gradation from quartz-pyrite-gold veins to quartz-galena-sphalerite-pyrite-gold veins.  

M11-03	Okanagan Valley	Placer Au	Au		50 18 00N	119 28 00W	50.3	-119.466666666667	50¿18'N	119¿28'W	Production of 115 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1861-1990.  Fineness: 842-920		Production of 115 kg fine Au	842-920		1861-1990	M	11	03	British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1985.	Placer gold deposits are underlain by volcanic rocks of Nicola Group and underlying sedimentary rocks of Late Paleozoic Harper Ranch Group.  Minor Cu-Ag veins occur in volcanic rocks and occur along intrusive contacts.

M11-04	Monashee-Cherry Creek Camp	Placer Au	Au		50 13 00N	118 32 00W	50.2166666666667	-118.533333333333	50¿13'N	118¿32'W	Production of 181 kg fine Au.  Fineness: 700-845		Production of 181 kg fine Au	700-845			M	11	04	Galloway, 1930; B.C. Minfile, 1985.	Placer gold occurs in the gravels of a pre-glacial Cherry Creek. The existing river closely follows the old river course.  Quartz veins occur in shales of the Shuswap region of Kootenay Terrane.  

M11-05	Boundary-Kettle River	Placer Au	Au		49 05 00N	119 07 00W	49.0833333333333	-119.116666666667	49¿05'N	119¿07'W	Production of 388 kg fine Au.  Fineness: 831-866		Production of 388 kg fine Au	831-866			M	11	05	Holland, 1950; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963.	Placer gold deposits are underlain by oceanic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Ordovician to Triassic Old Tom and Shoemaker formations of the Okanagan subterrane of Quesnellia.  Numerous lode gold-silver vein deposits are known in the region, as at   Camp McKinney, that probably served as a source of placer gold.

M11-06	Ymir-Nelson-Slocan Camp	Placer Au-W	Au		49 26 00N	120 31 00W	49.4333333333333	-120.516666666667	49¿26'N	120¿31'W	Production of 19 kg fine Au.  Fineness: 861-894		Production of 19 kg fine Au	861-894			M	11	06	Galloway, 1932; B.C. Minfile, 1991.	Placer gold interpreted as derived from  potentially economic polymetallic Au-Ag- quartz vein deposits that occur in shear zones in the area.  W skarns are associated with plutons of the mid-Cretaceous Bayonne suite. Ymir area is underlain by schists of Triassic Ymir and lower Jurassic Rossland Groups that are intruded by apophyses of Jurassic Nelson batholith. 

M11-07	Pend D'Oreille-Sheep Creek	Placer Au	Au		49 08 00N	117 15 00W	49.1333333333333	-117.25	49¿08'N	117¿15'W	Production of 228 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1855-1874.  Fineness: 815-861		Production of 228 kg fine Au	815-861		1855-1874	M	11	07	Galloway, 1932; B.C. Minfile, 1991.	Placer gold interpreted as derived from polymetallic Au-Ag veins at Sheep Creek, Ymir, and Rossland, and from Au-Zn-Pb deposits in Kootenay terrane.  At Sheep Creek sheared gold veins and lead-zinc replacements in limestone occur in anticlines formed in quartzite and argillite of the Nevada and Nugget members of the Quartzite Range formation.

M11-08	Moyie-Goat River Camp	Placer Au	Au		49 23 00N	116 00 00W	49.3833333333333	-116	49¿23'N	116¿00'W	Production of 2727 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1867-1990.  Fineness: 861-905		Production of 2727 kg fine Au	861-905		1867-1990	M	11	08	B.C. Minfile, 1986; B.C. Minfile, 1989.	Placer gold occurs in Tertiary channels in Moyie River gravels.  Bedrock geology consists of oxidized and fractured argillite and massive quartzite of Middle Proterozoic Aldridge Formation in contact with Moyie diorite sills.  Higher gold grades occur at the bedrock/Tertiary channel interface.  Base metal sulfide deposits with minor gold contents that occur in turbidites of the Aldridge Formation are a probable source of placer gold.

M11-09	Wildhorse Creek Camp	Placer Au-Pt 	Au		55 33 00N	123 23 00W	55.55	-123.383333333333	55¿33'N	123¿23'W	Production of 10,751 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1863-1990.  Fineness: 878-938		Production of 10,751 kg fine Au	878-938		1863-1990	M	11	09	British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1991.	Placer gold first found on the Wild Horse River in 1863.  The Wild Horse and Bull Rivers are among the few rivers that drain westward from the Rocky Mountains that contain coarse placer gold.  Fine gold and platinum occur in the Peace, Findlay, McLeod and Parsnip Rivers.  The rivers drain the Mississippian Slide Mountain Group.  Placer deposits occur in Recent gravels.

M52-01	Turansky district	Placer Au	Au		51 55 00N	131 55 00E	51.9166666666667	131.916666666667	51¿55'N	131¿55'E	Production of 0.3 tonne Au.  Proven reserves of 6.0 tonnes Au; inferred reserves 29.0 tonnes Au; total of 35.0 tonnes Au.  Fineness: 937		Production of 0.3 tonne Au.  Proven reserves of 6.0 tonnes Au; inferred reserves 29.0 tonnes Au; total of 35.0 tonnes Au	937			M	52	01	V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1989.	District occurs in the Turansky subterrane (BUT) of the Bureya terrane. District is subdivided into the Byssinsky, Ulmiisky, and Aleunsky subdistricts.  Only the Byssinsky subdistrict is of economic importance.  The only lode source is the unexplored Buyanovsky occurrence.  In this subdistrict, Precambrian metamorphic rocks are overlain by Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks.  A large placer was discovered on the Sinnikan River and its tributaries. Length is 9 km, average width is 80 m, thickness of economic bed is 0.54 m,  and gold grade in economic bed is 1059 mg/m3. Proven reserves of the placer are 980 kg.  Much placer gold is concentrated in tributaries of the Sinnikan River.  



M52-02	Blagoveshchensk-Svobodnensky district	Placer Au	Au		50 50 00N	127 25 00E	50.8333333333333	127.416666666667	50¿50'N	127¿25'E	Production of 1.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 0.0 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 10.0 tonnes Au, total 11.0 tonnes Au..  		Production of 1.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 0.0 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 10.0 tonnes Au, total 11.0 tonnes Au.				M	52	02	Dzu Sung, 1991; V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1989.	District occurs in an area adjacent to the Amur River from the city of Blagoveshchensk to the village of Chenyaevo, and along the Zeiya River from the mouth to the Selemdzha River.  This area is overlain mostly by unconsolidated deposits of the Amur-Zeiya valley.  Bedrock outcrops occur near the Amur River are part of the Norsk-Sukhotinsky terrane.  Gold deposits in the district have been known since the beginning of the century when prospectors started operations on bars and islands of the Amur and Zeiya Rivers.  The Surazhevka bar placer, in the Zeiya River near the town of Svobodny, has been mined.  The most promising area for placer deposits is the northern bank of the Amur River from the city of Blagoveshchensk to the village of Ushakovka.  This area continues into China, on the opposite bank of the Amur River, where it is known as the Fabelakhe subdistrict.  

M52-03	Malokhingansky (Malokhingan) district	Placer Au	Au		49 10 00N	130 55 00E	49.1666666666667	130.916666666667	49¿10'N	130¿55'E	Production of 4.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 1.0 tonne Au, inferred reserves of18.0 tonnes Au; total of 23.0 tonnes Au.  		Production of 4.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 1.0 tonne Au, inferred reserves of18.0 tonnes Au; total of 23.0 tonnes Au				M	52	03	V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1985.	District is subdivided into the Nizhnebureisky and Arkharinsky gold-bearing subdistricts.  The largest lode deposit in the area is the Prognoznoe deposit, located within the Nizhnebureisky subdistrict.  This deposit was discovered in 1972 during geologic mapping.  Small placers (in the Simichi River and Gniloi Spring) were discovered in 1972 near the Prognoznoe lode deposit.  Placer gold is derived from nearby lode deposits.  



Arkharinsky subdistrict occurs in the southeastern part of the Malokhingansky district.  Bedrock is mainly Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic granitic rocks.  Neogene-Quaternary basalt locally locally overlies unconsolidated Cenozoic deposits in the headwaters of the Maly Bira and Uril Rivers.  Estimated placer gold potential was already considered high at the beginning of this century.  The location near a railroad and character of the deposits (mineable by dredging) make this a very promising area.  Richest placers were mined in the area of the Maly Bira River.  Undiscovered placer deposits may occur beneath the basalt.  Deposits as at Paskhalny Spring were completely mined out by underground mining in the 1950s.  Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary units may also contain old placer deposits.  

M54-01	Oemku	Placer Au   	Au		50 48 34N	139 36 41E	50.8094444444444	139.611388888889	50¿49'N	139¿37'E	Size: Small.  Fineness: 800-850			800-850	Small		M	54	01	A.M. Peshkov, written commun., 1972.	Placer gold occurs in stream deposits of the Oemku River and other northern tributaries of the Muli River, which in turn flows into the Tumnin River.  Gold-bearing beds contain fine and medium gold.  Gold is derived from the Oemku lode deposit which contains gold-rich quartz veins.  Local bedrock is Early Cretaceous siltstone and sandstone.

M54-02	Langeriiskoe	Placer Au	Au		50 10 07N	142 57 07E	50.1686111111111	142.951944444444	50¿10'N	142¿57'E	Size: Medium.  Fineness: 879-932			879-932	Medium		M	54	02	V.D. Sidorenko, 1977.	District occurs in several river valley placers that range from 1000 to 7200 m long and 20 to 30 m wide.  A zone of alluvium, from 1.8 to 2.0 m  thick adjacent to bedrock, is most enriched in gold.  Grains of gold range in size:  from less than 0.5 mm (30%),  0.5 to 1.0 mm (33%), 1.0 to 2.0 mm (26%), to more than 2.0 mm (11%).  Chromite, pyrite, zircon, rarely cinnabar, scheelite, arsenopyrite, galena, and hematite also occur in heavy concentrates. Placer gold is derived from  Au quartz vein deposits in quartz-micaceous schist.  

M57-01	Ozyornaya River	Placer magnetite	Ti, Fe		51 32 31N	156 33 04E	51.5419444444444	156.551111111111	51¿33'N	156¿33'E	Reserves: Estimated 261,000 tons titanomagnetite concentrate.  		Reserves: Estimated 261,000 tons titanomagnetite concentrate				M	57	01	M.F. Kobylkin, written commun., 1966.	Dstrict is 8.6 km long, 20 to 85 m wide, and 8 m thick, and is associated with recent beach sand deposits.  Sand is sorted, coarse- and fine-grained, and polymictic.  Minerals are magnetite (up to 31%), titanomagnetite, quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, epidote, ilmenite, and hematite; minor garnet, leucoxene, apatite, zircon, andalusite, and rutile; and rare gold, cinnabar, sphalerite, and scheelite.  Deposit is estimated to contain equivalent of 261,000 tons of titanomagnetite concentrate.  Chemical analyses of placer sediments show 8.07 to 14.17% Fe2O3, 0.92 to 2.09% TiO2, trace to 1 g/t Au, and 1.1 to 4.4 g/t Ag.  

N09-01	Skeena River	Placer Au	Au		54 53 00N	128 24 00W	54.8833333333333	-128.4	54¿53'N	128¿24'W	Production of 129 kg fine Au.  Fineness: 827-861		Production of 129 kg fine Au	827-861			N	09	01	B.C. Minfile, 1989.	District occurs in drainages that erode flat-lying conglomerate, argillite, and sandstone of Jurassic to Cretaceous Bowser Lake Group.  Coarse placer gold occurs in drift-filled pre-glacial channels.  Placer gold interpreted as derived from Au quartz vein deposits that occur in the area and related to post-accretionary intrusions of Skeena and Bulkley plutonic suites.

N10-01	Manson Camp  (Omineca)	Placer Au	Au		55 45 00N	124 40 00W	55.75	-124.666666666667	55¿45'N	124¿40'W	Production of 1829 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1870-1990.  Fineness: 847-895		Production of 1829 kg fine Au	847-895		1870-1990	N	10	01	Galloway, 1930; Galloway, 1932; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1992.	Gold initially found on Germansen Creek in 1870.  Much of the gold is coarse.  Gold occurs in modern stream gravels, reworked from glacial deposits.  Area is underlain by schistose phyllite, argillite and felsic tuff of the Mississippian(?) to Lower Permian Cooper Ridge Group of Slide Mountain Terrane, and Middle Triassic to Lower Jurassic Takla Group of Quesnellia terrane. Bedrock units are intruded by numerous small bodies of granite.  Polymetallic Au-Ag quartz veins are common in the schist and are interpreted as the source of gold.

N10-02	Vital-Silver Creek Camp  (Omineca)	Placer Au, Cu, Ag, nephrite	Au		55 42 00N	125 28 00W	55.7	-125.466666666667	55¿42'N	125¿28'W	Production of 500 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1869-1949.  Fineness: 846-888		Production of 500 kg fine Au	846-888		1869-1949	N	10	02	Galloway, 1930; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1992.	Gold was initially found on Vital Creek in 1869.  Much of the gold is coarse.  Native copper and arquerite (silver amalgam) also occur but not economic.  Area is underlain by metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Carboniferous to Jurassic Cache Creek Complex.  Phyllite, limestone and tuff, the most common bedrock, and contain numerous rusty quartz veins up to one meter wide, that may be the source of gold.  Nephrite jade boulders occur on Vital Creek.

N10-03	Cariboo-Hixon Camp	Placer Au	Au		52 34 00N	121 30 00W	52.5666666666667	-121.5	52¿34'N	121¿30'W	Production of 4449 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1874-1990.  Fineness: 787-872		Production of 4449 kg fine Au	787-872		1874-1990	N	10	03	Galloway, 1932; B.C. Minfile, 1989.	Placer gold deposits have been worked on Hixon Creek since 1874.  Placer gold occurs in Tertiary basal conglomerate, and in remnants of pre-glacial channels and in post-glacial deposits.  Area is underlain by Takla Group metasedimentary rocks.  Placer gold interpreted as derived from Au quartz veins that are associated with granitoid intrusive bodies.

N10-04	Cariboo-Barkerville-Wells	Placer Au	Au		53 06 00N	121 35 00W	53.1	-121.583333333333	53¿06'N	121¿35'W	Production of 64,859 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1850-1990.  Fineness: 755-920		Production of 64,859 kg fine Au	755-920		1850-1990	N	10	04	Galloway, 1930; Galloway, 1932; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1989: BCGSB Bulletin 89, 1993.	District is underlain by greenschist facies metasedimentary rocks of the Upper Proterozoic to Lower Paleozoic Snowshoe Group in the Kootenay terrane, and in Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Quesnellia terrane.  Placer deposits interpreted as derived from the Downey Creek Formation of the Snowshoe Group that contains Au quartz veins. In the Pleistocene, a stagnant ice sheet overlaid the region, and eroded weathered material at higher elevations, but not affecting the placer deposits in the valleys.  Cariboo-Barkerville-Wells district has produced 65% of placer gold in British Columbia.  District is divided into three belts, the Barkerville, the Horsefly and the Hixon.  The Barkerville belt occurs in the mountainous Quesnel Highland region.  Present-day streams follow the same drainages as those that formed the placer deposits.

N10-05	Cariboo-Quesnel-Horsefly	Placer Au, Pt	Au		52 34 00N	121 30 00W	52.5666666666667	-121.5	52¿34'N	121¿30'W	Production of 21,565 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1859-1990.  Fineness: 801-902		Production of 21,565 kg fine Au	801-902		1859-1990	N	10	05	Galloway, 1930; Galloway, 1932; British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; Boyle, 1976; B.C. Minfile, 1989.	Gold was first found on the Horsefly River in 1859, followed by other important discoveries in the Cariboo area in the 1860's.  The Quesnel area of the Cariboo District is comprised of large valleys and plateaus that pre-date glaciation.  Underlying bedrock is sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Nicola and Takla Groups.  Metamorphic lode gold deposits, as at Frasergold, occur in a black phyllite unit.  Extensive gravel and gold accumulated in the valleys during Tertiary uplift.  The stagnant Pleistocene ice sheet largely protected these deposits, but some reworking occurred during interglacial periods.  Post-glacial streams eroded the drift and reworked some of the gold into recent deposits.  Ancient stream beds resting on bedrock are the richest and most continuous.  The interglacial stream deposits are lower grade but fairly extensive.  Modern stream gravels contain small deposits of fine grained gold.  Fine platinum is irregularly distributed in black sands along the Quesnel River.

N51-01	Verkhnegilyui	Placer Au	Au		55 40 00N	125 00 00E	55.6666666666667	125	55¿40'N	125¿00'E	Production of 5 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 6 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 55 tonnes Au; total reserves of 66 tonnes Au.  		Production of 5 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 6 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 55 tonnes Au; total reserves of 66 tonnes Au				N	51	01	V.D. Melnikov, written commun., 1990.	District is divided into the Apsakan, Laprin, Malogilyui, and Bryantin subdistricts.  The district occurs in the axial part of the Stanovoi anticline.  Gold-bearing areas within the district occur close to the Mesozoic Tynda, Dyupkoisky, Unakhinsky, and Mulmugin plutons.  



Apsakan subdistrict lies in basins at the headwaters of the Verkhny Larba, Nizhny Larba, and Sredny Larba Rivers, and is confined to the northwestern margin of the Tynda pluton, that intrudes Proterozoic granite and Archean metamorphic rocks.  The ratio between the number of lode deposits and placer deposits in the Apsakan subdistrict is 3:2.  This is the only subdistrict in the Verkhnegilyui district, where the number of lode deposits is greater than the number of placers.  More than 25 lode deposits are known, all are associated with the zones of hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks.  Every placer or low-grade placer deposit overlies a lode deposit.  The Larba River placer is the largest in the subdistrict.  It was discovered in 1929, and was prospected in the 30's and 40's.  It includes several small creek placers, with a total length of 21 km.  The deposit starts in the middle of Yanvarsky Creek, continues along the valleys of the Khorogochikan Creek (from the mouth of the Yanvarsky Creek to the confluence with the Sredny Larba Creek) and terminates 4 km downstream from the mouth of Gromkachi Spring.  Au content is extremely uneven.  Native gold occurs in the lowest bed of pebble deposits and in the upper part of underlying eluvium.  Terraces have not been studied.  Estimated reserves are 2003 kg.  



Laprin subdistrict is located in predominantly Late Archean metamorphic rocks between the Mesozoic Tynda and Dyupkoisky plutons.  Cretaceous rocks of the Tiptursky volcanic field occur in the northeastern part of the subdistrict.  Only a small portion of the subdistrict has been mined.  At the beginning of the century, only placers of the Khitrusha, Maksimovka (the basin of the Lapri River) and Bugorikty (the basin of the Mogota River) Rivers were mined.  Placer mines are being planned for the Malinovy, Lysovsky, Tsyganka, and Medvezhi Creeks.  The largest placer in this subdistrict, the Khitrusha valley-type deposit, occurs in the Khitrushka Creek that is a tributary of the Lapri River.  The deposit has been mined from 1928 to 1950, and there is evidence of earlier operations (presumably 1880-1900).  About 4 km of the placer deposit has been mined.  The placer averages 60 m wide and 3.4 m thick.  Gold grade is 297 mg/m3 and fineness of native gold is 900.  Inferred reserves are 1200 kg (V.D.Melnikov, written comm., 1990).  



Malogilyui subdistrict is related to Cambrian metamorphic rocks between the Dyupkoisky granodiorite pluton and the Mesozoic Unakhinsaky granite-granodiorite pluton.  Placers of the Malogilyui subdistrict were previously mined in valleys of the Des (Kamenisty), Olongo (Somnitelny, Marmontovsky), and Maly Gilui (Karlovsky, Kruglovsky, and Kurnosovsky) Rivers.  The total potential of the area is 19 tonnes gold.



Bryantin subdistrict occurs between the Unakhinsky and Mulmugin plutons.  Au-Cu-Mo porphyry deposits were identified along with numerous other gold lode deposits.  Additional lode gold deposits are associated with zones of hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks.  All known lode deposits have related placers deposits.  Total placer potential of the subdistrict is 12 tonnes gold.



N51-02	Srednenuykzhinsk	Placer Au	Au		54 53 00N	124 15 00E	54.8833333333333	124.25	54¿53'N	124¿15'E	Production of 23 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 25 tonnes Au;  inferred reserves of 76 tonnes Au;  total reserves of 124 tonnes Au.  		Production of 23 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 25 tonnes Au;  inferred reserves of 76 tonnes Au;  total reserves of 124 tonnes Au				N	51	02	V.D. Melnikov and V.V. Ratkin, written commun., 1994.	Srednenyukzhinsky district consists of three gold-bearing subdistricts - Elgakan, Urkimin, and Dzheltulak.  



Elgakan subdistrict is located on the western side of the Nyuksha River.  Several small hydrothermal lode gold occurrences are known in this area; including Balykhtakh which is confined to a EW-trending fault bounding the southern edge of the Mesozoic Chilchinsky granitic pluton.  Only low-grade gold placer deposits are known.  



Urkimin subdistrict is located on the eastern side the Nyuksha River.  The Dzheltula and Sredny Larba placer deposits are confined to the Dzheltulak (Burpalin) fault zone which separates PR terrane metamorphic rocks to the north from the Anosov pluton to the south.  Placers of the Urkimin subdistrict are extremely high-grade.  They include large prospected placers along the Urkima, Onon, Odolgo, and Agin Rivers, presently being mined by dredges, and smaller placers on the Glubokaya, Razdolnaya, Sivagli, and other Rivers, some of which has been mined recently.  The largest placer is on the Urkima River.  There are over 20 lode gold deposits in the area, related to the zones of hydrothermal alteration of metamorphic rocks.  The largest lode deposit is Odolgo.  High-grade lode gold deposits occur near the placer of Berikan Creek.  The lode deposits were mined in the early century.  The Urkimin valley-type placer was discovered in 1913 on the Urkima River, the eastern tributary of the Nyuksha River.  The deposit was mined by hand methods from discovery until 1947 when a low-capacity dredge (250 liter) began operation.  The total production from 1913 through 1980 is estimated as 810 kg.  The placer is 18 km long, average width is 236 m, average thickness is 7.2 m, total volume of gold-bearing gravel is 32 million m3, average gold grade is 225 mg/m3, fineness of native gold is 881, and proven reserves are 7 tonnes.  At present, the placer is being mined with dredges.  



Dzheltulak subdistrict includes the valleys at the headwaters of the Bolshoi Dzheltulak River and the middle part of the Tynda River; both western tributaries of the Gilyui River.  This district has been known for a long time but only placers have been mined, even though the district also contains many lode occurrences.  A major fault in the subdistrict, the Dzheltulak shear zone, separates the Getkansky and Kurbatovsky Proterozoic plutons to the north from the Anosov pluton in the south.  Intermittant mining has occurred on placers of the Ilichi, Baldyglia, headwaters of the Bolshoi Dzheltulak, and Burpaly Rivers (these have proven reserves); and on numerous placers of the Tynda River, tributaries of the Burpaly River, and headwaters of the Bolshoi Dzheltulak River.  All placers are spatially associated with the Dzheltulak shear zone, a major fault which separates the Getkansky and Kurbatovsky Proterozoic plutons to the north from the Anosov pluton in the south.  The largest placer in the Dzheltulak subdistrict is on the Bolshoi Dzheltulak River, which is a southern tributary of the Gilyui River and contains an alluvial valley-type placer which was discovered in the period 1893-96.  Approximately 1.3 tonnes gold had been mined by 1959.  In 1954-58 the placer reserves were recalculated based on use of a 250-liter capacity dredge, and that dredge started operating in 1980.  At the beginning of dredge operations, the placer was 22 km long, 114 m wide, and the gravel deposit 4 m thick.  Average content of native gold is 228 mg/m3, proven reserves are 2474 kg, and the fineness of gold is 887.  The deposit is now 70% mined out.  



N51-03	Verkhneamursk	Placer Au	Au		53 55 00N	122 30 00E	53.9166666666667	122.5	53¿55'N	122¿30'E	Production of 169 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 3.5 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 50 tonnes Au; total of 284 tonnes Au.  Grade: Average gold grade is 133 mg/m3, ranging from 58 to 237 mg/m3 in different blocks. .  	Average gold grade is 133 mg/m3, ranging from 58 to 237 mg/m3 in different blocks. 	Production of 169 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 3.5 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 50 tonnes Au; total of 284 tonnes Au				N	51	03	E.I. Belousov and V.D. Melnikov, written commun., 1979; B.Y. Grezin and V.S. Borodin, written commun., 1982.	District consists of the Solov'ev and Urusha-Oldoi subdistricts.  The largest placer in the Urusha-Oldoi subdistrict is the Khaiktinsky placer, and the largest placer in the Solov'ev subdistrict is the Dzhalinda placer.  



The Khaiktin placer deposit occurs in the valley of the Bolshoi Oldoi River, a large tributary on the north side of the Amur River.  Placers in the valley of the Khaikty River have been known since the early century.  The Konstantinovka and Orogzhan placers were intensely mined.  Based on questionable data, over 2000 kg Au was produced from the Khaikta River valley through 1925.  The Khaiktin deposit is a valley type and is 28.8 km long.  It is located within the flood plain of the Bolshoi Oldoi and Khaikta Rivers.  The width of the flood plain ranges from 500 to 1000 m; alluvium thickness is less than 6.4 m.  Gold-bearing sediments contain pebbles with sand, gravel, ooze, clay, and boulders.  Bedrock consists of gneiss, granite, amphibolite, and diorite with a well-develpoed weathering crust.  Bedrock has a smooth upper surface, with relief of 0.5 to 1.2 m. Gold fineness is very fine (0.25 mm) 6.47%, fine (0.25 - 1.0 mm) - 41.6%, medium (1.0-3.0 mm) - 38.81%, and large (more than 3 mm) - 13.12%.  Average fineness is 876.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.6 to 3.6 m thick.  Nuggets have not been found.  Thirty-four percent of the area of the deposit has permafrost.  The deposit has been explored by prospect pits and drill holes across an area 400 x 20m.  Only a small portion (3.5%) of the placer deposit has been mined.  



The Dzhalinda placer deposit is the largest in the Amur Region.  Total production exceeds 120 tonnes gold.  The deposit has numerous lode sources, including the Kirovka gold-quartz deposit associated with granodiorite intrusions and metamorphic gold occurrences hosted in greenschist.  The deposit is over 45 km long, averages 250-300 m wide, and alluvial deposits are 5 m thick.  The placer was discovered in 1867 by N.P.Anosov, and was the first economic placer to be mined in the Verkhnee Priamur'e.  Deposit was mined by hand methods until 1929 (with production of 39 tonnes Au).  Dredges have been used since from then through the present.  Gold is occurs throughout the section; maximum grades have been found near the bedrock.  The fineness is high, averaging 940.



Placer deposits of the Yankan River are derived from the Kirovka lode deposits.  Placer deposits have been known since 1867 and have been mined since 1871.  The placers are over 15 km long, average 350 m wide, and have alluvium about 6 m thick.  Gold fineness is 930.  



The Nagim placer deposit is located in the western part of the Solov'evsky subdistrict, and is a very thick gold-bearing deposit (up to 50 m thick).  



N51-04	Gonzhinsky (Gonzha)	Placer Au	Au		53 30 00N	125 30 00E	53.5	125.5	53¿30'N	125¿30'E	Production of 48.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 8.0 tonnes; inferred resources 66.0 tonnes; total of 122.0 tonnes.  		Production of 48.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 8.0 tonnes; inferred resources 66.0 tonnes; total of 122.0 tonnes				N	51	04	V.D. Melnikov and V.V. Ratkin, written commun., 1994.	District occurs in the western part of the Burea superterrane.  The area is underlain mainly by Precambrian metamorphic rocks.  The largest gold-bearing deposits of the district (Pokrovskoe, Pioneer, Borgulikan, Burinda, and Kulikan) are interpreted as being derived from Early Cretaceous volcanic overlap assemblages.  



Osezhinsky subdistrict is underlain by Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous clastic trough.  The largest placer is in the Bolshoi Burgali River (the Alma-Burgali subdistrict) that has been mined intermittently since 1890, with a total of production of 1.7 tonnes gold.  The placer is 9 km long, averages 250 m wide, and the alluvium is 4-5 m thick.  Gold-bearing bed occur in the lower part of alluvium and are 1.6 m thick.  Gold is fine (0.3-0.4 mm) and poorly rounded. The placer is being mined again after  additional exploration.  



Tygda-Ulundy gold-bearing subdistrict occurs in a hilly area in the northwestern part of the Cenozoic Amur-Zeiya depression.  The area contains wide river valleys with gentle slopes grade into drainage divides.  Topographic releif is commonly 20 to 50 m, rarely 100 m, with the highest releif being 340 to 360 m.  The Ulunginsky placer is largest in the subdistrict.  



The Ulunginsky placer deposit occurs in the valley of the middle part of Bolshoi Ulunga Creek.  The first prospect (Pioneer) was discovered in 1911.  Mining operations began in 1915 and are occurring.  The Aprelsky prospect, containing both just-subsurface and also deep-seated placer material, was discovered in 1937.  The stratigraphic section (from top to bottom) consists of:  0-3 m yellow viscous clay and ooze; 3-7 m dark-brown compact ooze; the first gold-bearing bed (5-7 m below the surface); 7-12 m of false bedrock consisting of angular pebbles derived from granodiorite, decomposed to varied-color clay; the second gold-bearing bed (5 to 7 m), consisting of coarse grained gray sand with poorly-rounded quartz pebbles.  Granite boulders up to 40 cm occur locally.  About 75% of gold is irregular in shape and less that 0.25 mm makes up about 75%.  Gold from 0.5 to 2 mm diameter is of tabular shape and very light in color.  Proven reserves of the deep-seated placer are 186 kg; inferred reserves are 500 kg.  The placer is 10 km long, average thickness of the gold-bearing bed is 1.3 m, and average thickness of the pit layer is up to 20 m.  Gold content varies from 641 to 1419 mg/m3.  Gold is 0.25 to 2.0 mm in size, with fineness of 800.  

N52-01	Verkhnezeisk	Placer Au	Au		54 55 00N	131 05 00E	54.9166666666667	131.083333333333	54¿55'N	131¿05'E	Production of 24 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 6 tonnes Au; inferred reserves 76 tonnes Au; total reserves of 106 tonnes Au.  		Production of 24 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 6 tonnes Au; inferred reserves 76 tonnes Au; total reserves of 106 tonnes Au				N	52	01	Neronsky and  Dobraya, 1976, V.D. Melnikov, written commun., 1979.	District occurs in the eastern part of the Nora-Sukhotin terrane.  The Mulmugin, Toksky, and Okonon plutons of Mesozoic age underlie over half of the district; rest of district is underlain by nearly equal amounts of Early Archean metamorphic rock and Precambrian igneous rock.  The district consists of the Sugdzhar, Verkhnetok, Kupuri-Maisky, and Arginsky subdistricts.  



Sugdzhar subdistrict occurs near the giant Malmugin and Okonon granitoid plutons.  Most lode and placer deposits of the Sugdzhar subdistrict occur within the Sivakan-Toksky block of metamorphic rocks.  About 20 lode occurrences are known, related to a long, wide (up to 7 km) shear zone cutting zones of schistose rocks and zones of retrograde metamorphic rock containing disseminated sulfides.  Gold occurs in small quartz, quartz-pyrite, quartz-epidote and quartz-feldspar veins and veinlets, in altered gabbro-amphibolite, and in gneisses containing quartz-filled fractures.  Most commonly, gold has a fineness 720 to 830.  Gold grains are angular, intergrown with quartz (up to 2.5 wt. %), and are small (normally less than 1 mm).  Lode sources for gold are interpreted as forming during Late Jurassic accretion; lode deposits are confined to the areas of intense schistosity and retrograde metamorphism.  



Verkhnetok subdistrict occurs between the Toksky and Okonon granitic plutons.  Late Archean metamorphic rocks and mafic granitic rocks predominate.  Estimated placer potential of the Verkhnetok subdistrict is 6 tonnes gold.



Kupuri-Maisky placer subdistrict occurs in the eastern the Okonon pluton in the valley of the headwaters of the Kupuri and Maai Udsky Rivers.  Archean metamorphic rocks and gabbro-amphibolite predominate, granodiorite and diorite are subordinate.  



N52-02a	Dambuki - Part A	Placer Au	Au		54 40 00N	126 40 00E	54.6666666666667	126.666666666667	54¿40'N	126¿40'E	Production of 185 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 56 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 88 tonnes Au; total 329 tonnes Au.  		Production of 185 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 56 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 88 tonnes Au; total 329 tonnes Au				N	52	02a	Anert, 1928; V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1989.	District is well defined. Internal division is difficult because it is highly gold-bearing throughout.  Seven tentative subdistricts are distinguished:  Mogoktak-Talginsky, Ilikan-Unakhinsky, Kokhaniisky, Zolotogorsko-Uspensky, Dzhalta-Uldegitsky, Ugan-Mogotsky, and Zhurbansky.  The shallow Khugdersky placer and the deep Petrovsky and Yasnopolyansky placers are described as examples.



The lode sources for the Khugdersky placer  deposit are the Zolotaya Gora deposit and retrograde metamorphism Au lode deposits.  The deposit is 15.6 km long, averages 189 m wide and 4.0 m thick, and has an average gold grade of 285 mg/m3.  Fineness of gold is 940.  The bedrock consists of metamorphic rocks (amphibolite, gneiss, gneissic granite, and diapthorite).  Loose sediment consists of 41 % pebbles (more than 5 mm), 31 % gravel (1-5 mm), 21 % sand (less than 1.0 mm), and 3 % ooze and clay.  Gold is fine and medium in size:  1.2 % is up to 0.2mm, 50.6 % is 0.21-0.63 mm, 7.2 % is 0.64-2.5mm, and 1 % is greater than 2.5 mm.  Gold grains are tabular and bright yellow, locally with a reddish tint.  More than 8 tonnes of gold has been mined.  Nuggets up to 18 kg were recovered.  Heavy-mineral concentrates contain scheelite, zircon, rutile, sphene, anatase, ilmenite, monazite, andalusite, kyanite, molybdenite, apatite, epidote, garnet, pyrite, amphibole, and pyroxene.  



N52-02b	Dambuki - Part B	Placer Au	Au		54 40 00N	126 40 00E	54.6666666666667	126.666666666667	54¿40'N	126¿40'E	Production of 185 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 56 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 88 tonnes Au; total 329 tonnes Au.  		Production of 185 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 56 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 88 tonnes Au; total 329 tonnes Au				N	52	02b	Anert, 1928; V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1989.	Petrovsky placer deposit occurs in a saddle on the Tukuringra Ridge.  The placer was discovered in 1897 and has been mined since 1898.  It does not coincide with a modern river system.  Major accumulations of unconsolidated Cenozoic sediments occur in a small elongated NS-trending basin. The slopes of the basin are mostly gentle, with well-preserved piedmonts and wide erosional terraces, corresponding to ancient piedmonts with elevations of 700 to 750 m.  The floor and slopes of the basin consist mostly of gneiss and amphibolite with Early Archean marble lenses.  The basin floor is rather wide (about 500 m, indulated, with local depressions ranging from 5-10 m and 60-100 m wide).  Unconsolidated sediments are 60 m thick.  Bedrock exhibits a thick weathering crust consisting of a layer 1-3 m thick of angular pebble-sized fragments that occurs almost everywhere at the base of the sequence of gold-bearing gravel.  Unconsolidated material is mainly sandy pebble gravel to pebble sand, with beds and lenses of gravelly mud and peat, muddy sand, and compact clay.  The largest and most poorly-rounded clasts are concentrated in the deepest part of the basin, its center.  There are several gold-bearing beds in the section, although the richest gold deposits are in the lowermost gravel beds and in the bedrock weathering crust.  Grains less than 1.0 mm form 82-90 % of the gold of this ancient placer.  Some nuggets occur, mostly 2 to 12 kg and rarely up to 100 kg.  Fineness of gold is 950-962.  An alluvial origin is interpreted for the sediments of the Petrovsky placer.  Anert (1928) proposed initially an origin as an eluvium placer that was redeposited virtually in situ.  The placer is presently being mined as a small-scale operation, producing 30 to 60 tonnes gold per year.  A  total of 4-5 tonnes gold have been produced.  Proven reserves are 1 tonne Au; inferred reserves are 2-3 tonnes Au.



Yasnaya Polyana placer deposit occurs within the Yasnaya Polyana basin.  The upper level of ancient alluvium was mined in the 1920s.  The Yasnaya Polyana basin is 14 km long and 0.6-2 km wide.  The basin occurs in a fault zone between Early Archean Dambuki and Late Archean Ilikansky blocks.  The basin is filled with sand, pebble gravel, and clay.  Clasts are well-rounded and consist of granite, gneiss, and quartzite, with less common amphibolite and volcanic rocks (rhyolite, andesite, and dacite).  The placer occurs at the thalweg of a northwest-trending paleovalley.  Absolute heights (elevations over the sea level) range from 462.7 m at the western part of the deposit to 403.5 m at its eastern part.  The gold-bearing beds are predominantly gravel and pebble with larger clasts.  Coarse sand makes up 20%, and clay 15%.  The thickness of the gold-bearing bed ranges from 1 to 17.6 m, gold grade varies from colors to 17,966 mg/m3.  Gold grains are found 0.4-0.8 m into the bedrock.  Gold grains are either small (less than 0.1 mm) of irregular dendritic shape, or are larger, tabular, poorly-rounded grains.  Scarce intergrowths of gold with other minerals (quartz, pyrite commonly with galena) generally occur as small grains (less than 0.16 mm).  Gold is bright yellow, about 15% of grains are light yellow (straw-like color).  These grains are rounded, spindle-shaped.  The fineness of native gold is 967.  The bedrock consists of granite, Early Proterozoic granodiorite and gneiss, and Archean amphibolite.  

N52-03	Dzhagdy 	Placer Au	Au		53 50 00N	130 00 00E	53.8333333333333	130	53¿50'N	130¿00'E	Production of 20 tonnes Au.  Proven reserve of 2 tonnes Au; inferred reserve 51 tonnes Au; total reserves of 73 tonnes.  		Production of 20 tonnes Au.  Proven reserve of 2 tonnes Au; inferred reserve 51 tonnes Au; total reserves of 73 tonnes				N	52	03	V.D. Melnikov and others,  written commun., 1985.	District is confined to the Tukurigra-Dzhagdi  terrane and is subdiviided into the elongate, east-west-trending Un'ya-Bomsky subdistrict which contains most of the placer gold deposits, and a group of subdistricts to the south (Verkhnedepsky, Tuksinsky, and Egorsky).  Placer and lode deposits clearly restricted to the east-west-trending Un'insky thrust.  Streams are rapid and steep, valleys are canyons.  Un'ya Creek has the widest flood plain (300-450 m), the valley of the Bom Creek is steep.  Valleys of tributaries (rapids) of the Bom Creek are even steeper.  



Born Creek placers are largely concentrated in the first flood plain terrace which is 40-45 m high and 400-450 m wide.  The deposits are about 5 m thick and gold-bearing throughout the whole length of the creek.  Gold distribution is extremely irregular.  Gold occurs locally on the floor of the creek and in tiny fractures in the greenschist bedrock.  Gold grains are coarse and nuggets up to 400 kg g are found.  



Un'ya Creek deposit contains both terrace- and valley-type placers. The valley placer  part is 20 to 120 m wide.  Valley alluvium is 2.5 to 6.0 m thick. The gold-bearing bed consisting of gravel and pebble near the bedrock is 0.2 to 0.6 m thick.  Terrace placers of Un'ya Creek are also mainly related to the first flood plain terrace, which is 15-20 m high.  Terrace alluvium ranges from 6 to 25 m thick.  Gold distribution is irregular.  Gold is coarse and poorly rounded.  Quartz fragments in some places contain visible gold and scheelite.  



N52-04a	Zeiya-Selemdzha - Part A	Placer Au	Au		52 50 00N	128 50 00E	52.8333333333333	128.833333333333	52¿50'N	128¿50'E	Production of 111 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29 tonnes Au; inferred resources 101 tonnes Au; total 241 of tonnes Au.  		Production of 111 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29 tonnes Au; inferred resources 101 tonnes Au; total 241 of tonnes Au				N	52	04a	V. Lozhnikov and others, written commun., 1984; V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1985.	District is underlain by Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks which mostly overlie the Nora-Sukhotin terrane.  The district is subdivided into the Umlekan, Yasnensky, Oktyabrsky, Sokhatiny, Chagoyan, and Nizhneselemdzha subdistricts.  The Zeiya-Selemdzha placer gold district has the largest gold reserves in the the Amur region.  



Umlekan subdistrict covers an area of about 3,000 km2 in the valley of the Umlekan and Nemogin Rivers, and in the valley of the Zeiya River from the mouth of the Chalbachi Creek to the mouth of the Bugo Creek.  The first discovery was a rich placer on a bar in the Zeiya River near the mouth of the Bugo Creek.  The subdistrict occurs in an Early Cretaceous caldera.  Numerous lode occurrences are in the subdistrict and consist of quartz veins in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks and in granodiorite that intrudes Jurassic sandstone.  About 20 small placers occur in the subdistrict.  Some are exhausted; others were only explored (Umlekan and Algachan Rivers).  Gold in placers is of variable size and shape, often in intergrowths with quartz.  Fineness is 750-850.  The sources for shallow-seated placers of small creeks are gold-bearing, hydrothermally-altered volcanic rocks.  



Yasnensky subdistrict occurs in the basin of the Yasny Creek, the adjacent valley of the the Dep River, and the headwaters of the Gar 1 and Gar 2 Rivers.  Most placers are occur in Lower Quaternary deposits.  More than 25 placers occur in the subdistrict, most are exhausted.  Extremely interesting data were obtained from a prospecting trench crossing the valley of the Gar 2 River at the mouth of the Karakatitsa Creek. This trench contains a displaced weathering crust of greenstone rocks, and the 665 nuggets recovered from this trench differ sharply from gold of the placer by having higher fineness values.  The lode source is unknown. 





N52-04b	Zeiya-Selemdzha - Part B	Placer Au	Au		52 50 00N	128 50 00E	52.8333333333333	128.833333333333	52¿50'N	128¿50'E	Production of 111 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29 tonnes Au; inferred resources 101 tonnes Au; total 241 of tonnes Au.  		Production of 111 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29 tonnes Au; inferred resources 101 tonnes Au; total 241 of tonnes Au				N	52	04b	V. Lozhnikov and others, written commun., 1984; V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1985.	The largest placer of the Yasnensky subdistrict is the Yasny Creek placer, discovered in 1934.  It was actively mined from 1935 to 1937.  More recently the deposit was mined using a dredge and exhausted.  The bedrock consists of crushed extrusive rocks, with less common sandstone and siltstone.  Gold-bearing gravel directly overlies bedrock.  Gold distribution is uneven.  Gold content decreases sharply to colors as distance above bedrock increases.  Gold grain shapes are irregular and rounded.  Intergrowths with quartz or quartz and tourmaline are common.  Gold fineness is 900, gold grains are coarse (2-4 mm), and nuggets of 30-60 g are common.  Nuggets locally locally reach 100 g.  The gold-bearing bed is overlain by gold-bearing ooze and clay (0.5-4.0 m), and less common sandy-clay deposits 0.3-1.7 m thick.  The section is covered by a bed of soil 0.3-0.5 m thick.  



Oktyabrsky subdistrict covers the valley of the Dzheltulak River and the headwaters of Inkan, Elna, and Bolshoy Kalakhta Creeks.  Gold was discovered in 1937 in the Dzheltulak 1 and Dzheltulak 2 Rivers, and in a very rich placer in Sandunovsky Creek, a tributary of the Dzheltulak 1 River.  Numerous placers were later discovered and prospected within the subdistrict, which are still being mined using dredges.  The subdistrict is underlain mainly by Early Paleozoic granite with fragments of Late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian schist and marble, Silurian conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and Devonian clastic carbonate rocks.  Numerous lode gold occurrences are in quartz-carnbonate and calcedony veins.  Small gold-bearing skarn bodies in limestone are less common.  Most gold placers are related to Late to Middle Quaternary sediments.  Almost all placers are alluvial, either valley or terrace, locally mixed.  Eluvium and talus placers such as Nagornaya and Morennaya are uncommon.  Modern and ancient placers are located separately:  modern ones occur below the talweg of the valley (or close to it) at a depth of 3-6 m.  Old placers are not related to the modern valley floor and much deeper (5 to 15 m).  Locally old and modern placers occur one above the other and are separated by a layer of barren sediment.  In some valleys, old placers are eroded either completely or partly, forming modern placers.  The bedrock is generally heavily weathered granite, now angular pebbles and clay.  The gold-bearing bed of old placers consists of heavily eroded pebbles with clay patches of different shades and pebbly sandy-clay deposits.  Gold generally occurs in the middle part of beds.  Native gold fineness is commonly high, up to 950.  Large nuggets up to 500 grams were found locally (eg:  headwaters of the Kalakhta River).  Gold in placers is associated with scheelite, cinnabar, and less common galena.  Modern placers have lower gold grade.  They are confined to the flood valley alluvium and consist of clay, ooze, and sand with pebbles.  Native gold fineness in modern alluvium placers (up to 885) is locally significantly lower than in older placers.  The lower fineness results is because these placers were derived directly from lode sources, rather than from erosion and reconcentration of old placers.  



N52-04c	Zeiya-Selemdzha - Part C	Placer Au	Au		52 50 00N	128 50 00E	52.8333333333333	128.833333333333	52¿50'N	128¿50'E	Production of 111 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29 tonnes Au; inferred resources 101 tonnes Au; total 241 of tonnes Au.  		Production of 111 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29 tonnes Au; inferred resources 101 tonnes Au; total 241 of tonnes Au				N	52	04c	V. Lozhnikov and others, written commun., 1984; V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1985.	Sokhatiny gold-bearing subdistrict covers the valley of the Sokhatiny River and headwaters of the Mamyn River (Orlovka, Levy and Pravy Mamyn Creeks).  The placers of the Sokhatiny River were discovered in 1942, and have been mined from 1948 through the present time.  Bedrock consists of Early Paleozoic granitic rocks cutting Proterozoic to Cambrian deposits, as well as small Early Cretaceous intrusions and numerous dikes.  Only three lode occurrences are known in the subdistrict, consisting of quartz-tourmaline breccia zones with sulfides and altered quartz-sericite rocks.  About 30 placers have been discovered; many of them are mined out.  The valley of the Adamikha River is being explored.  



Chagoyan gold-bearing subdistrict is located in the southern part of the NS terrane and covers the valley of the Zeyia River from the mouth of the Tygad River to the mouth of the Gramatukha River, including all tributaries.  Placers here have been mined since 1893.  Lode gold occurrences (seen in talus) in the valley of the Malyutka River contain fragments of veined quartz with visible gold.  A prospecting drill hole on the Chagoyan polymetallic deposit revealed high gold grades at depths of 29-32 m.  Gold placers within the Chagoyan subdistrict occur either in bars or the river bottom.  Gold is coarse and of different shapes.  In the headwaters of Maly Chukan and Chagoyan Creeks, nuggets up to 140 g occur as intergrowths with quartz.  Native gold fineness is 675-911.  



Nizhneselemdzha (Maisky) gold-bearing subdistrict covers the areas near the mouths of the Orlovka, Selemdzha, and Aldikon Rivers.  Most placers occur in the valley of the Neklya River.  Placer mining began here in 1895 and continues today.  Bedrock consists of crystalline metamorphic rocks, including Silurian schist cut by large Early Paleozoic granitoid intrusions.  The largest placer in the subdistrict is on the Neklya River, consisting of shallow and deep-seated gold-bearing beds.  This placer has been mined since 1902, producing a total of 9.5 tonnes gold.  This placer occurs between two granitic stocks (the Tatarkinsky in the north and Ust-Orlovsky in the south) but is confined to the area of Early Paleozoic schist between them.  An economic placer 15 km long and averaging 140 m wide occurs in the headwaters and middle part of the Neklya River valley.  In the upper part of this deposit the first gold-bearing layer is 1.5 m thick and 6-8 m below the surface; splitting into two beds downstream with a bed of gold-free alluvium 10-12 m thick between them.  The beds coincide in plan view.  A paleoplacer plunges to the south, and has been explored to a depth of 24 m.  Gold-bearing deposits consist of quartz pebble and cobble gravel with a compact clay matrix.  Average gold grade in deposits being mined at present is 115 mg/m3; fineness of native gold is 900.  Gold is fine, average size is 0.64 mm.  Most gold in placers is dense, but several dendritic grains were observed.  Unlike the lower bed, the upper one has smaller gold grains and they are poorly rounded.  Poorly-rounded nuggets intergrown with quartz also occur.  Fragments of veined quartz found in headwaters of the Neklya River, contain up to 2.4 g/tonne gold.  The placer is presently being mined by a dredge.  



N53-01	Verkhneselemdzha	Placer Au	Au		53 00 00N	132 45 00E	53	132.75	53¿00'N	132¿45'E	Production of 137.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29.0 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 60.0 tonnes Au; total reserves of 226.0 tonnes Au.  		Production of 137.0 tonnes Au.  Proven reserves of 29.0 tonnes Au; inferred reserves of 60.0 tonnes Au; total reserves of 226.0 tonnes Au				N	53	01	V.D. Melnikov and others, written commun., 1985 ; V.D. Melnikov &  V.D. Polevanov, written commun., 1990.	District is the best known placer district in the Amur region and includes the Kharga, Malomyrsky, Verkhnestoibinsky, and Tokur-sagursky subdistricts.  Total inferred reserves for the district are 226 tonnes gold; which is 13.7% of the total reserves of the Amur region.  The majority of mined lode gold deposits are also concentrated in this district (Zazubrinsky, Poiskovoe, Sagur, Afanas'evsky, Kharga, Unglichikan, and Yasnoe).  The only lode deposit in Amur which is currently being mined. The Tokur deposit also occurs here.  Most lode gold deposits in the Verkhneselemdzha district occur in metamorphic rocks.  The district includes large placers that can be mined by dredge (Selemdzha River, Verkhny and Nizhny Stoiba, Kharga, Maly Naergen, Elga, Semertak, Ugokhan, and Bolshoi and Maly Karaurak deposits).  Placer mining began here in 1972 and continues.



Malomyrsky subdistrict is small, but gold grades are high.  It also includes the medium-sized Malomyr lode deposit.  The largest placer occurs on the Nizhny Stoiba River.  



Verkhne-Stoibinsky placer subdistrict includes two small lode gold deposits (Pokrovka and Voroshilovka) and large placers in the valley of the Verkhny Stoiba River.  Gold is mainly concentrated near granitoid intrusions and lode sources.  



Tokur-Sagursky subdistrict includes several deposits.  The Tokur lode deposit and several rich placers in the headwaters of the Bolshoi Karaurak and Tarnakh Rivers occur in the northern part of the subdistrict.  Numerous small lode occurrences in greenschist facies metamorphic rocks and small placer deposits occur in the middle part of the Bolshoi and Maly Karaurak Rivers.  Some placer deposits occur within the Sagur dome-like structure.  The largest placer at Koboldinsky occurs in the Koboldinsky part of the Selemdzha River between the Ogodzha and Maly Karaurak Rivers.  The Sagursky lode deposit occurs to the east; bedrock near this deposit contains numerous metamorphic gold occurrences.  To the west of the placer are very promising lode gold deposits (Pridorozhnoe, Mostovoe, and others).  



Kharga subdistrict contains six small Au and Au-W lode deposits and one Au-Sb lode deposit.  Three placer gold-bearing areas are distinguished and are confined to metamorphic domes and outcrops of small intrusions.  The Kharga placer is the largest in the subdistrict and produced over 20 tonnes Au was produced from valley part of the deposit.  This deposit has several lode sources.  The richest part of the placer occurs close to the Kharga lode deposit.  Numerous metamorphic gold occurrences with high gold grades occur the placer.  The upper part of the Kharga Creek valley was recently explored.  The richest part of the placer occurs immediately adjacent to the Talyminsky Au-Sb lode deposit.  



N53-02	Sofiiskoe	Placer Au   	Au		52 13 50N	133 52 59E	52.2305555555556	133.883055555556	52¿14'N	133¿53'E	Size: Medium.  Deposits are exhausted.  Fineness: 750-800		Deposits are exhausted	750-800	Medium		N	53	02	N.V. Ognyanov, this study.	District occurs in stream deposits in the upper reaches of the Niman River (a tributary of the Burea River).  Total length of placers is approximately 30 km.  Fine- and medium-grained gold is distributed irregularly.  Gold fineness is 750-800.  Gold is derived from greenschist facies rocks of the Sofiisky metamorphic dome that contain streaks, veins, and lenses of ore-bearing quartz.  Gold-bearing tributaries drain small veinlet deposits.  Placer deposits are exhausted.

N53-03	Kerbi	Placer Au   	Au		52 24 00N	135 44 28E	52.4	135.741111111111	52¿24'N	135¿44'E	Size: Small.  Fineness: 800-850			800-850	Small		N	53	03	N.V. Ognyanov, this study.	District occurs in the valley of the Kerbi River and its numerous tributaries.  Total length of gold-bearing beds is approximately 35 km. Gold is fine- and medium-sized with fineness of 800-850.  Bedrock is Jurassic black shale that is metamorphosed to greenschist facies and that contains thin scattered streaks of gold-bearing quartz.  

N54-01	Ulskoe	Placer Au   	Au		53 51 32N	139 49 27E	53.8588888888889	139.824166666667	53¿52'N	139¿49'E	Size: Small.  Fineness: 850-900			850-900	Small		N	54	01	N.V. Ognyanov, this study.	District contains stream and bench placers of the Ul Orelsky River and tributaries.  Total length of placers along the Ul Orelsky River and its tributaries is approximately 15 km.  Gold is associated with vein quartz.  Fineness of 850-900.  Local bedrock consists of Early Cretaceous siltstone, sandstone, and late Cretaceous volcanic rocks.  Deposit derived from the Mnogovershinnoe lode gold deposit.  

N54-02	Kolchanskoe	Placer Au   	Au		53 34 49N	140 21 18E	53.5802777777778	140.355	53¿35'N	140¿21'E	Size: Small.  Deposits are exhausted.  Fineness: 500-600		Deposits are exhausted	500-600	Small		N	54	02	N.V. Ognyanov, this study.	District contains low-grade stream placers that occur along the Kolchan River and its tributaries with a total length of approximately 10 km.  Gold is fine-grained; fineness of 500 to 600.  A few nuggets occur, ranging up to 10-20 g.  Gold is associated with quartz and adularia.  Local bedrock consists of volcanic rocks and hydrothermally altered siliceous rock.  Placer deposits are derived mainly from the Belogorsk lode deposit that consists of late Paleogene gold-bearing altered siliceous rocks with quartz-adularia alteration.  

N54-03	Kherpuchinskoe	Placer Au   	Au		53 02 26N	138 46 04E	53.0405555555556	138.767777777778	53¿02'N	138¿46'E	Size: Medium.  Fineness: 700-850			700-850	Medium		N	54	03	N.V. Ognyanov, this study.	District contains stream deposits along the Kherpuchi River and tributaries of the Somni spring (a tributary of the Amgun River).  Placer deposits occur both in main and branch valleys along a distance of over 25 km.  Gold is fine- or medium-sized, and high-grade.  Vein quartz occurs in the gold-bearing sand.  Gold is derived from small quartz veins and veinlets that contain gold and arsenic sulfides.  Local bedrock consists of Early Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone.

N54-04	Oktyabrskoe	Placer Au   	Au		52 36 45N	139 28 35E	52.6125	139.476388888889	52¿37'N	139¿29'E	Size: Small.  Fineness: 800-850			800-850	Small		N	54	04	N.V. Ognyanov, this study.	District contains alluvial-colluvial placers that occur in the valley and on slopes of the Pochel River (a tributary of the Amgun' River).  Gold is concentrated largely in a weathering crust developed in a gold-bearing, mid-Cretaceous tonalite that contains quartz streaks with As and Pb sulfides.  Rock-forming minerals from the tonalite and veined quartz are abundant in gold-bearing sands.  Gold is fine and medium size.

N54-05	Schmidtovskoe	Placer Au	Au		54 05 51N	142 55 26E	54.0975	142.923888888889	54¿06'N	142¿55'E	Size: Small.  Fineness: 800-900			800-900	Small		N	54	05	V.D. Sidorenko, 1977.	District contains small placers, 30 to 10 m wide and up to 1000 m long.  Gold occurs throughout the 3 to 4 m thick section of modern alluvium, although a 1.2 to 1.4 m thick zone near bedrock is the richest.  Alluvium consists of ultramafic and mafic rocks that are altered to chlorite, zeolite, and albite.  Heavy-mineral concentrates contain chromite, magnetite, pyrite, and siderite.  Gold grains are normally larger than 0.5 mm.  Some gold forms intergrowths with albite and magnetite.   The bedrock source of the placer deposits is gold-bearing zeolite-epidote-prehnite-chlorite and albite-pyrite-chlorite rocks that occur at the contact with serpentinized ultramafic rocks and propylitic altered gabbro.  Source rocks contain up to 2 g/t  Au.  

N57-01	Temny Creek	Placer Au	Au		54 57 11N	159 41 50E	54.9530555555556	159.697222222222	54¿57'N	159¿42'E	Estimated original 59 kg Au.  Probably exhausted.  Grade: Estimated 0.8 g/t.  	Estimated 0.8 g/t	Estimated original 59 kg Au.  Probably exhausted				N	57	01	A.V. Sytov, written commun., 1980.	District consists of a shallow alluvial placer, up to 1200 m long and 20 m wide.  Gold is coarse-grained; 40% is 3-5 mm in diameter, 30% is 1-3 mm.  Heavy-mineral fraction contains magnetite, cinnabar, scheelite, chromite, ilmenite, and gold.  Bedrock consists of hydrothermally altered tuff and tuff breccia, with veinlets and masses of quartz containing 0.4 g/t gold and up to 7.4 g/t silver.  

N57-02	Kronotsky Bay	Placer magnetite	Ti, Fe		53 49 07N	159 47 48E	53.8186111111111	159.796666666667	53¿49'N	159¿48'E	Estimated reserves of 18.8 million tonnes of titanomagnetite concentrate.  Grade: No data.  	No data	Estimated reserves of 18.8 million tonnes of titanomagnetite concentrate				N	57	02	A.V. Kurkin, written commun., 1964.	Consists of a modern beach placer, about 17 km long and 30 to 80 m wide.  Heavy mineral fraction, including magnetite, in the placer sand ranges from 0.5 to 1.5%.  

N57-03	Udachny Creek	Placer Au	Au		53 42 42N	158 33 39E	53.7116666666667	158.560833333333	53¿43'N	158¿34'E	Size: Small.  Estimated production of 162 kg gold.  Probably exhausted.  Grade: Estimated average of 0.7 g/cu m Au.  	Estimated average of 0.7 g/cu m Au	Estimated production of 162 kg gold.  Probably exhausted		Small		N	57	03	S.S. Koval, written commun., 1966.	Consists ofshallow placer deposits that occur in a flood plain and flood plain terrace in an area about 3000 m long and 20 m wide.  Forty percent of gold grains range 0.1 to 0.5 mm.  Heavy minerals are magnetite and pyrite.  Bedrock consists of pyritized, kaolinized, silicified Miocene tuff with up to 0.5 g/t Au and 10-70 g/t Ag.

N57-04	Iudumich Creek	Placer Au	Au		53 25 57N	157 44 00E	53.4325	157.733333333333	53¿26'N	157¿44'E	Size: Small.  Resources of 543 kg Au.  Proven reserve of 61 kg Au..  Grade: Ranges from 3 to 22 g/cu m Au.  	Ranges from 3 to 22 g/cu m Au	Resources of 543 kg Au.  Proven reserve of 61 kg Au.		Small		N	57	04	S.S. Koval, written commun., 1973.	Consists of a buried alluvial placer about 2700 m long and up to 50 m wide.  Gold grains range from 3 to 5 mm (45%) and  0.5 to 1 mm (48%).  Heavy minerals are magnetite, scheelite, and platinum (few grains).  Non-rounded gold grains occur in alluvium.  Bedrock consists of pyritized and silicified tuffs containing 0.3-0.5 g/t gold and up to 70 g/t silver. Bedrock is brecciated and fractured along contacts with lamprophyre dikes. 

N57-05	Kamenisty Creek	Placer Au	Au		53 21 22N	158 17 02E	53.3561111111111	158.283888888889	53¿21'N	158¿17'E	Production of 8 kg Au.  Deposit exhausted.  Grade: Up to 2.26 g/m3 .  	Up to 2.26 g/m3 	Production of 8 kg Au.  Deposit exhausted				N	57	05	A.P. Sharga, written commun., 1965.	Consists of a buried alluvial placer.  Fifty percent of gold grains are larger than 5 mm, 30% range from 3 to 5 mm.  Heavy minerals are magnetite, zircon, garnet, rutile, sphene, ilmenite, apatite, leucoxene, chromite; with rare platinum.  Gold derived from thin quartz veins and fracture zones in Miocene quartz diorite that exhibits a gold content up to 5 g/t, and quartz-rich zones in metamorphosed Proterozoic shale.

N57-06	Khalaktyrskoe	Placer magnetite	Ti, Fe		53 11 44N	159 15 15E	53.1955555555556	159.254166666667	53¿12'N	159¿15'E	Estimated tonnage of concentrate is 5,998,100 tonnes; estimated resource of 2,310,000 tonnes Fe and 390,000 tonnes TiO2 in 6,000,000 tonnes concentrate.  		Estimated tonnage of concentrate is 5,998,100 tonnes; estimated resource of 2,310,000 tonnes Fe and 390,000 tonnes TiO2 in 6,000,000 tonnes concentrate				N	57	06	M.F. Kobylkin, written commun., 1964.	Consists of titanomagnetite sand that occur in a typical beach placer 500 to 5000 m wide with an economic ore-bearing zone 2 to 10 m thick.  Ore minerals are magnetite, titanomagnetite, martite, and ilmenite.  Sand contains 11.8 to 14.5% total Fe, 1.42 to 1.77% TiO2, and 0.06 to 0.11% V2O5.  Concentrate produced by hydraulic and magnetic separation contains 58.1% Fe, 9.72% Ti, 0.46% V2O5, 0.01% sulfur, and 0.032% phosphorus.  Iron ore is low-grade. 

N57-07	Kameshkovoi-Polovinchik River	Placer Au	Au		53 03 04N	157 07 04E	53.0511111111111	157.117777777778	53¿03'N	157¿07'E	Production of 25 kg Au.  Grade: Average Au 0.5 g/m3 .  	Average Au 0.5 g/m3 	Production of 25 kg Au				N	57	07	V.I. Shaposhnikov, written commun., 1969.	Consists of shallow, valley placers that occur in a flood plain and on terraces. Placers occur as discontinuous layers up to 8 km long and 60-360 m wide.  Gold is fine-grained; 60% ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mm.  Gold is derived from thick (up to 400 m) veinlet zones that contain up to 65.4 g/t gold.  Heavy minerals are ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, epidote, and scheelite.  Placers are partly mined.

N57-08	Goltsovka	Placer Au	Au		52 50 10N	156 58 45E	52.8361111111111	156.979166666667	52¿50'N	156¿59'E	Production of 86 kg Au.  Grade: 0.4 to 0.5 g/m3.  	0.4 to 0.5 g/m3	Production of 86 kg Au				N	57	08	M.M. Zadornov, written commun., 1968.	Consists of a group of shallow alluvial placers that are over 8 km long and up to 80 m wide.  Placers occur both in flood plains and on terraces.  Heavy minerals are magnetite and ilmenite.  Gold is fine- and medium-grained.  Interpreted source of gold are fracture and mylonite zones in Late Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone that contains up to 0.1 g/t Au and up to 2 g/t Ag.

O04-01	Goodnews Bay, Bethel	Placer PGE-Au	Pt, Au	Cr	59 00 00N	161 10 00W	59	-161.166666666667	59¿00'N	161¿10'W	Production of over 20,200 kg PGE and 2,259 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1900-1995.  Fineness: 854-893		Production of over 20,200 kg PGE and 2,259 kg Au	854-893		1900-1995	O	04	01	Mertie, 1940, 1969; 1976; Berryhill, 1963; Cobb, 1973; Southworth and Foley, 1986; Barker and Lamal, 1989; Zelenka, 1988; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Most extensive platinum placer deposits are in the Salmon River drainage; smaller productive placers also occur in Wattamuse, Fox, Butte, and Kowkow Creeks and in Snow Gulch; all northwest of Goodnews Bay.  This latter area is sometimes referred to as the Bethel district.  Platinum and gold mined mainly by bucketline dredges.  Production mainly from 1934 to 1982, a major portion of the primary U.S. platinum production.  Average percentages in placer concentrates are 73.6% Pt, 9.9% Ir, 1.9% Os, 0.15% Rh, 1.2% Ru, 0.34% Pd, 2.1% Au, and 10.9% impurities.  In Salmon River drainage, Pt, Cr, and some Au, are apparently derived from the nearby informally named Middle Jurassic Goodnews Bay ultramafic complex of Southworth and Foley (1986), composed of dunite, pyroxenite, and hornblendite, with anomalous PGE concentrations associated with sparse chromite segregations.  In both areas preglacial ancestral channels and reworked till forms main placer deposits.  Gold in Wattamuse, Fox, Butte, and Kowkow Creeks (Bethel district) probably derived from monzonite plutons.  Magnetic surveys indicate possible 5-km offshore extension of the Goodnews Bay complex.  Fineness values range from 854 to 893 for Wattamuse, Butte, Fox, and Kowkow Creeks.  

O05-01	Kodiak	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Cr, Pt		57 45 00N	153 30 00W	57.75	-153.5	57¿45'N	153¿30'W	Production of 149 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1895-1920, intermittently.  Fineness: average 837		Production of 149 kg Au	average 837		1895-1920, intermittently	O	05	01	Capps, 1937; Cobb, 1973	Gold concentrated in beach deposits and in sand dunes that are derived from glacial outwash and tills.  Pre-glacial placers removed during Pleistocene glaciation.  Heavy minerals include magnetite, pyrite, chromite, and platinum.  Gold fineness averages 837 from eight analyses of strandline deposits.  Gold probably derived from Au-bearing quartz vein deposits in graywacke and argillite of the Upper Cretaceous Kodiak Formation.  Platinum probably derived from the Jurassic or older, informally named, Border Ranges ultramafic and mafic complex of Burns (1985).  Local bedrock is Late Cretaceous graywacke, granitic plutons, and Tertiary sandstone.

O07-01	Yakutat  (Lituya Bay)	Placer Au-Ti	Au	 Ag, Pt, Fe, Ti, garnet	59 00 00N	138 00 00W	59	-138	59¿00'N	138¿00'W	Production of 135 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1894-1989.  Grade: Estimated 4.6 million m3 grading 10.0% ilmenite.  	Estimated 4.6 million m3 grading 10.0% ilmenite	Production of 135 kg Au.			1894-1989	O	07	01	Tarr and Butler, 1909; Mertie, 1933; Rossman, 1957; Thomas and Berryhill, 1962; Thomas and Berryhill, 1962; Brew and others, 1978; Foley and others, 1995.	Consists of discontinuous strandline deposits of placer gold, ilmenite, and other heavy minerals are found along 450 km of coastal plain from Cape Spencer northwest to Point Manby on Yakutat Bay. Ilmenite rich strandline deposits are concentrated between Dixon Harbor to Cape Fairweather, where beach sands contain from 5 to 40% heavy minerals including garnet, pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, rutile, sphene, and zircon.  Titanium content in ilmenite ranges from 48 to 53% TiO2.  Trace platinum group metals have been recovered during placer mine activities.  Much of the heavy mineral component on strandlines is believed to be derived from Laparouse layered gabbro-ultramafic intrusion in the Fairweather Range. Glaciers and rivers brought heavy minerals to the coast, where they were concentrated along the beachline by longshore drift and other coastal erosional processes.  Estimated indicated reserves at Yakatat are 57 million tonnes averaging 3.23% ilmenite, 0.11% rutile, 0.05% zircon, and unknown but significant gold content. Indicated reserves from Situk River to Boussole Bay are 192 million tonnes of 2.40% ilmenite and rutile combined. Fine platinum and ilmenite occur in low concentrations.

O08-01	Porcupine-Haines	Placer Au	Au	Ag, V, Ti, Magnetite	59 20 00N	136 08 00W	59.3333333333333	-136.133333333333	59¿20'N	136¿08'W	Production of 2,525 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1898-1994.  Fineness: 669-902; averages 837		Production of 2,525 kg Au	669-902; averages 837		1898-1994	O	08	01	Eakin, 1919; Beatty, 1937; Wright, 1940; Berg, 1984; Bundtzen, 1986; Bundzten and Clautice, 1986; Hoekzema and others, 1989; Still and others, 1991.	Deposits occur in modern streams incised into bedrock, as ancestral channels elevated above modern floodplains, in alluvial fans, and in glacial till. Distribution  (dispersal) of heavy mineral placer deposits greatly influenced by Late Pleistocene to recent glaciation. Heavy minerals include magnetite, ilmenite, pyrite, sphalerite, scheelite, zircon, and trace cassiterite. Gold fineness ranges from 669- 902 and averages 837. Principal producing streams include Porcupine, Glacier, McKinley, Nugget, Summit, Cahoon, Christmas, and Cottonwood Creeks; over 90% of total production was derived from Porcupine Creek and its tributaries. Large, low grade placer gold resources exist in Nugget and Porcupine Creek alluvial fans; smaller, high grade, modern stream placers have been largely mined out.  Gold interpreted as being derived from quartz-carbonate-sulphide-gold veins and vein swarms that intrude Paleozoic slate near the head of auriferous stream drainages. Erosion of Klukwan mafic-ultramafic intrusions has produced an alluvial fan deposit containing 980 million tonnes averaging about 10.8% Fe2O3, 1.7% TiO2, and 0.3% vanadium.



O08-02	Atlin Camp	Placer Au	Au		59 35 00N	133 32 00W	59.5833333333333	-133.533333333333	59¿35'N	133¿32'W	Production of 15,448 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1898-1990.  Fineness: 774-842		Production of 15,448 kg fine Au	774-842		1898-1990	O	08	02	Galloway, 1930; Aitken, 1959; Boyle, 1976; B.C. Minfile, 1988; Morison, 1989.	District consists of placers in weathered Tertiary and pre-Wisconsian interglacial deposits, and post-glacial gravels.  Gold occurs in alluvial valley fill and terraces.  Some placers are capped by Tertiary and Pleistocene basalts.  Gold is generally coarse-grained. Mesothermal gold-quartz-sulphide veins occur in the vicinity of placers, but are generally sub-economic.  The high grade portions may have been eroded off to form the placers.  Veins are hosted by greenstone, argillite, and serpentinite of the Cache Creek Group. Gold was discovered in the Atlin Camp in 1898.  District underlain by sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks of Paleozoic to Pleistocene age.  The oldest rocks are the serpentinized ultramafic rocks of the Upper Paleozoic Cache Creek Group.  

O08-03	Juneau-Admiralty	Placer Au	Au	Ag	58 18 00N	134 22 00W	58.3	-134.366666666667	58¿18'N	134¿22'W	Production of 2,188 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1880-1993.  Fineness: 772-827		Production of 2,188 kg Au	772-827		1880-1993	O	08	03	Smith, 1941; Spencer, 1906; Cobb, 1973; Redman and others, 1989; Bundzten and others, 1994.	Placer deposits occur in modern streams, semi-residual ancestral benches, and strandline deposits on Douglas and Admiralty Islands and on the mainland of Juneau Gold Belt. Principal deposits occur mainly in Gold Creek and in Silver Bow Basin near Juneau; others include Middle Basin, Little Basin, Mist Creek, Montana Creek, McGinnis Creek, Nugget Creek, Last Chance Basin, and Boulder Creek.  Much of the production or about 1,060 kg gold (48% of the total) was derived from Gold Creek and Silver Bow Basin.  Gold in Silver Bow Basin is found directly over the auriferous Alaska-Juneau sheeted vein system, and some production consisted of high grade gold in quartz boulders that was later crushed in local hardrock mills. Gold was also recovered from tailings disposed from Alaska-Juneau and Treadwell mine complexes.  Gold has been located in submarine placer strandlines near the mouth of Gold Creek, but the deposit has never been mined. Placer paystreaks are found discontinuously in steep stream gradients. Large glacial boulders have posed a significant recovery problem throughout the Juneau-Admiralty districts. Gold fineness ranges from 772 to 827, similar to fineness in nearby mesothermal, low sulfide, gold-quartz deposits. Principal heavy minerals are arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. 

O09-01	Cassiar Camp	Placer Au	Au		58 40 00N	130 10 00W	58.6666666666667	-130.166666666667	58¿40'N	130¿10'W	Production of 6989 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1874-1990.  Fineness: 759-894		Production of 6989 kg fine Au	759-894		1874-1990	O	09	01	Holland, 1940; Gabrielse, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1988.	Main placer gold production from pre-glacial sediments in drainages transverse to the northwest glacial direction.  Gold derived from Au quartz veins that occur in greenstones and metasedimentary rocks of Mississippian to Permian Sylvester allochthon of Slide Mountain terrane. Early Cretaceous granitoids of the Cassiar Batholith are associated with gold veins.  Stringers occur mainly in the sedimentary rocks, some occur in intrusives.  Erosion and concentration of gold in river channels occurred during the Tertiary.  Gold was reworked but not dispersed during two later glacial events.  Color and fineness of the gold varies widely from creek to creek indicating different sources.  Gold from Boulder Creek is coarse and in the form of nuggets, with quartz adhering to it, suggesting that the source is proximal.

O09-02	Stikine River-Telegraph Creek	Placer Au	Au		57 44 00N	131 46 00W	57.7333333333333	-131.766666666667	57¿44'N	131¿46'W	Production of 171 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1861-1990.  Fineness: 849-855		Production of 171 kg fine Au	849-855		1861-1990	O	09	02	British Columbia Department of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources Bulletin 21, 1963; B.C. Minfile, 1988.	Gold was initially found in Stikine River-Telegraph Creek district on the Stikine River 1861.  River drains volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Stuhini Group that is intruded by Jura-Cretaceous granitoid rocks.  Gold interpreted as derived from post-Pleistocene erosion of Coast Mountains.  Most placer gold has been recovered from near bedrock surface; some flour gold is recovered from Stikine River bars.

O51-01	Nizhnenyukzinsky district	Placer Au	Au		56 28 00N	122 01 00E	56.4666666666667	122.016666666667	56¿28'N	122¿01'E	Inferred reserves 35 tonnes Au.  		Inferred reserves 35 tonnes Au				O	51	01	V.D. Melnikov, written commun., 1979.	District is the largest in the Far East Russia and occurs to the north of the Mesozoic Chilchinsky granitic pluton that intrudes Early and Late Archean metamorphic rocks. Granitic rocks are anorthosite (Kalar pluton), syenite (Tassky pluton), and granite (Sedolchinsky and Cheremkhalaksky plutons).  In the northern part of the district, zones of retrograde metamorphism occur along the Stanovoi and Yuzhnoaldan regional faults that occur between the Aldan shield (the Siberian Craton) and Nora-Sukhotin terrane.  Only a few placers occur in this area. The total potential (mined + proven reserves + inferred reserves) comprises 2% of the total potential of the Amur Region.



Darynmakitsky placer deposit, the best studied deposit in the Nizhneyukzhinsky district, was discovered in 1929 and was mined during the 1930s.  Gold occurs for a distance of 10 km.  The placer averages 60 m wide, alluvium ranges from 4 to 6 m thick, and gold-bearing gravel occurs in the lower 2 m of the alluvium.  Average grade is 450 mg/m3 Au.  The richest part of the placer occurs near bedrock and consists of eluvium, with gold-bearing sand filling the fractures.  :ode sources for the placer are presumably quartz veins and zones of cataclastic and weakly altered to sulfide-bearing rocks, both closely related to the Stanovoi fault zone.  



O53-01	Kurun-Uryakh	Placer Au	Au		58 37 01N	137 11 02E	58.6169444444444	137.183888888889	58¿37'N	137¿11'E	Production of about 12 t Au.  Grade: 3.2-4.5 g/cu m Au.  	3.2-4.5 g/cu m Au	Production of about 12 t Au				O	53	01	P.P. Smirnov,  written commun., 1961; N.L. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988.	Consists of a buried placer that is 5 km long and 0.2-0.4 km wide.  Depth of overburden ranges from 5-30 m.  Gold-bearing bed is 0.2 m thick,  grade is 3.2-4.5 g/m3.  Interpreted as derives from the Malyutka gold-quartz deposit.  The placer district includes several small deposits.

O53-02	Kondeur	Placer PGE	PGE	Au	57 36 14N	134 38 15E	57.6038888888889	134.6375	57¿36'N	134¿38'E	Size: Major.  Production of 3 metric tonnes PGE in 1993.  Second largest placer PGE producer in Russia .  Years of Production: Mining since about 1988.  		Production of 3 metric tonnes PGE in 1993.  Second largest placer PGE producer in Russia 		Major	Mining since about 1988	O	53	02	V. Molchanov and V. Sapin, written commun., 1993.	Consists of an alluvial placer that occurs in the north-flowing Kondeur River valley.  Richest placer occurs in a 10 km-long paystreak that averages 100 m wide.  Placer platinum occurs in 6-8 m thick fluvial gravels on or just above bedrock.  Typical platinum grains range from 0.5 mm to 1 cm in diameter.  A 4.3 kg iso-ferro-platinum nugget was recovered recently.  Iso-ferro-platinum is commonly combined with chromite.  Small inclusions of iridium-osmium minerals occur in larger platinum nuggets. Gold comprises 10% of total production (by weight) and occurs in cubic crystalline form with individual cubes up to 1 cm across. Gold contains up to 40% copper and up to 10% palladium.  The deposit was discovered in the 1970's.  Minor production occurred in early years from small, high-grade placer pockets.  All present production is from placers near the head of the drainage.  Kondeur placer deposits are derived from lode deposits in the Kondeur zoned mafic-ultramafic complex.   

O54-01	Okhotsk	Placer Au	Au		59 44 21N	143 26 34E	59.7391666666667	143.442777777778	59¿44'N	143¿27'E	Production of about 15 tons Au before 1930.  Most deposits exhausted.  Grade: 3-47 g/m3.  Fineness: 720-850	3-47 g/m3	Production of about 15 tons Au before 1930.  Most deposits exhausted	720-850			O	54	01	P.P. Smirnov, written commun., 1962; N.L. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988.	District was discovered in 1829 covers an area of about 140 sq. km.  Aabout ten placer deposits occur in the district; nearly all are exhausted; a few are mined at the present.  Placer deposits occur in valleys; some are buried.  Gold-bearing beds range from 0.12 to 14 m thick and up to 2,000 m long.  Gold nuggets to 1 kg were found.  Bedrock sources for placer deposits are unknown.  Example deposits occur at Zolotoi Creek and Raasvet Creek/Gusinka Creek.



Zolotoi Creek placer deposit is buried placer that is 2.9 km long and averages 54 m wide.  Depth of overburden is 17 m.  Two placer beds occur.  The lower bed is 1.8 m thick and directly overlies a weathered crust developed from Cretaceous rhyolite.  The upper placer bed is 2.4-5.4 m thick and overlies a clay false bedrock.  Gold grade ranges from 2.9-9 g/m3.  Gold is mostly fine-grained, with an average size of 0.4 mm.  Gold fineness is 717-770.  Gold nuggets are scarce but nuggets up to 129 g have been recovered.  Bedrock sources are unknown.  Gold production was about 2 tons.



Raasvet Creek and Gusinka Creek placer deposits are 600 m long and range from 30-100 m wide.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.2-1.8 m thick, with about 4 to 10 m of overburden.  Gold grade is 1.5-42.7 g/m3.  Gold is coarse-grained. One gold nugget with minor quartz, weighing nearly 1 kg, was found.  Gold fineness is 820-850.  Bedrock sources are unknown.  Production of  233 kg gold.

O58-01	Ossora Bay	Placer magnetite	Ti, Fe		59 15 51N	163 08 11E	59.2641666666667	163.136388888889	59¿16'N	163¿08'E	No Data.  		No Data				O	58	01	V.N., Popov, written commun., 1981.	District occurs in an elongate Ossorsky Bar about 0.5 to 1 km wide extending 15-16 km along the shore of Ossora Bay.  Several beds of almost pure magnetite (90% by visual estimate) occur in the tidal zone within marine deposits.  The magnetite beds range from 0.03 to 0.3 m thick and pinch out laterally.  A beach sand layer about 1.4 m thick has a magnetite content of 27.1%.  

P04-01	Innoko	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Hg, Pt, Sn, W		63 30 00N	156 30 00W	63.5	-156.5	63¿30'N	156¿30'W	Production of 21,965 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1906-1995.  Fineness: 825-910; average of about 870		Production of 21,965 kg Au	825-910; average of about 870		1906-1995	P	04	01	Harrington, 1919; Mertie, 1936; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and Laird, 1980; Bundtzen and others, 1985, 1987, 1996.	Bulk of gold from Innoko district placers occurs on bedrock benches on easterly or northerly hill slopes.  Minor platinum and about 1% of gold content recovered from Boob Creek.  Some dredging.  Major heavy minerals are chromite, scheelite, and arsenopyrite.  Most of district not glaciated.  Gold derived from mineralized rhyolite and basalt dike swarms and small monzonite plutons intruding the Kuskokwim Group in the Yankee Creek, Ophir Creek, and Spruce Creek areas.  Largest dike swarm located along Ganes-Yankee Creek fault zone which parallels Iditarod Nixon Fault. Placer gold in Colorado, Cripple, and Bear Creeks derived from both granite porphyry and monzonite. Local bedrock also includes Cretaceous metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, chert, basalt, and felsic dikes. 

P04-02	Marshall	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Pt	Ag, W, Hg	61 55 00N	161 30 00W	61.9166666666667	-161.5	61¿55'N	161¿30'W	Production of 3,863 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1913-1995.  Fineness: average 802		Production of 3,863 kg Au	average 802		1913-1995	P	04	02	Harrington, 1918; Hoare and Cobb, 1972, T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains productive placers on Willow, Montezuma, Elephant, and Wilson Creeks near Marshall, and Kako Creeks and Flat Creek near Russian Mission.  Area not glaciated.  Heavy minerals are gold, platinum, magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, scheelite, and cinnabar.  District characterized by relatively low gold fineness, averaging 802.  Gold probably derived from vein lode deposits associated with Cretaceous hypabyssal alaskite intruding Mesozoic greenstone belt, or alternatively mother lode veins within the greenstone belt.

P04-03	Iditarod	Placer Au	Au, Hg, Sb, Sn, W, Cr, REE, Ag		62 30 00N	158 30 00W	62.5	-158.5	62¿30'N	158¿30'W	Production of 48,563 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1910-1995.  Fineness: 830-905, average 870		Production of 48,563 kg Au	830-905, average 870		1910-1995	P	04	03	Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1985, 1988, 1992a; Miller and Bundtzen, 1993; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains gold placer deposits that occur in modern stream gravels, residual concentrations, and benches.  All mining occurs within 14 km of Flat.  Heavy minerals are chromite, scheelite, cassiterite, arsenopyrite, ilmenorutile, and heavy concentrations of cinnabar.  Gold fineness ranges from 830 to 905 and averages 870.  Extensive dredging.  Nonglaciated highlands are mantled by residual material, colluvium, and silt; lowlands are covered by thick alluvium.  Placer deposits on Flat, Chicken, Prince, Happy, Slate, and Willow Creeks are radially distributed around Chicken Mountain.  Gold derived from polymetallic vein lode deposits in Late Cretaceous monzonitic stocks such as the Golden Horn and Chicken Mountain deposits, and from other mineralized contact zones in sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group.  Local bedrock of Early Proterozoic schist and metagranite, Mesozoic clastic and volcanic rocks, and Cretaceous granitic plutons.

P04-04	Aniak	Placer Au-Hg	Au, Ag, W, Cr, Hg, Pt		61 00 00N	158 00 00W	61	-158	61¿00'N	158¿00'W	Production of 17,683 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1908-1995.  Fineness: Average 925 at Tuluksak River and 880 at Aniak River		Production of 17,683 kg Au	Average 925 at Tuluksak River and 880 at Aniak River		1908-1995	P	04	04	Cady and others, 1955; Cobb, 1973; T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1992; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer gold in district mined from modern streams and benches; Nyac area and Crooked Creek basin most productive.  Placer deposits in Nyac area distributed in glacio-fluvial outwash below terminus of Early Wisconsin and pre-Wisconsin glacial deposits.  Older bench levels in Donlin area are probably Late Tertiary in age.  Heavy minerals are gold, magnetite, garnet, scheelite, cassiterite, pyrite, cinnabar, stibnite, and monazite.  Placer cinnabar mined from Cinnabar Creek.  Gold probably derived from polymetallic vein lode deposits in contact zones in graywacke of the Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group intruded by Cretaceous hypabyssal granitic plutons.  Local bedrock is Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and granitic plutons.  

P05-01	Kantishna	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Sb, Pb, W, Mn		63 40 00N	150 50 00W	63.6666666666667	-150.833333333333	63¿40'N	150¿50'W	Production of 3,088 kg Au; also minor Sb, Ag, W.  Years of Production: 1905-1986.  Fineness: Large range of 550-900, average of 725		Production of 3,088 kg Au; also minor Sb, Ag, W	Large range of 550-900, average of 725		1905-1986	P	05	01	Capps, 1919; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen, 1981, 1983a.	Placer deposits in district occur in modern streams and benches.  Highlands glaciated.  Lowlands covered by glaciofluvial and eolian deposits.  Most mining on streams near Kantishna.  Scheelite and nuggets of native silver recovered.  Heavy minerals are very numerous, including:  magnetite, scheelite, galena, sphalerite, stibnite, arsenopyrite, and minor cassiterite. District contains widest fineness range of all Alaskan placer districts. Gold in district probably derived from polymetallic or Au-bearing quartz vein lode deposits that formed during Cretaceous regional metamorphism and(or) plutonism in Yukon-Tanana terrane.  Local bedrock is mainly middle Paleozoic or older metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, and Cretaceous granitic plutons.

P05-02	McGrath	Placer Au, Hg	Au, Sn, W, Bi, REE, Hg, Cu, Pb		62 45 00N	155 00 00W	62.75	-155	62¿45'N	155¿00'W	Production of 4,074 kg Au, accessory Hg and Ag.  Years of Production: 1910-1995.  Fineness: 860 in Nixon Fork area, 910 in Candle Creek		Production of 4,074 kg Au, accessory Hg and Ag	860 in Nixon Fork area, 910 in Candle Creek		1910-1995	P	05	02	Mertie, 1936; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen, 1986; Bundtzen and Laird, 1983b; Bundtzen and others, 1987; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains stream and bench placers that are mined by hydraulic methods and one dredge.  Productive areas are Hidden Creek and tributaries of Nixon Fork, Carl and Candle Creeks in the Candle Hills, and Alder Gulch on Vinasale Mountain.  Candle Creek area most productive and contained gold nuggets up to 62 g.  Heavy minerals are gold, cinnabar, bismuthinite, chromite, zircon, magnetite, pyrite, and scheelite; with trace ferro-platinum.  Gold fineness in Candle Creek averages about 910; in the Nixon Fork area about 860.  Gold in district probably derived from polymetallic vein, and related lode deposits in Late Cretaceous hypabyssal monzonite plutons.  Placers from Hidden Creek and Nixon Fork area probably derived from Nixon Fork gold skarn deposits.  Local bedrock is Paleozoic limestone, Cretaceous sandstone, shale, and granitic rocks.

P05-03	Yentna	Placer Au	Au, Cu, Ag, Pt		62 20 00N	151 00 00W	62.3333333333333	-151	62¿20'N	151¿00'W	Production of 6,133 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1905-1995.  Fineness: 835-870, average 850		Production of 6,133 kg Au	835-870, average 850		1905-1995	P	05	03	Capps, 1913; Mertie, 1919; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer deposits consist of stream and bench deposits, Pleistocene glaciofluvial deposits, and Tertiary conglomerates.  Glacial and alluvial deposits blanket much of area.  Most production in Cache Creek area from dredging operations.  Heavy minerals are gold, platinum, cassiterite, scheelite, native copper, sulfides, and uranium and thorium minerals.  Gold fineness ranges from 835 to 870, averaging 850.  Gold in district probably derived from Au-bearing quartz and polymetallic vein lode deposits associated with granitic plutons and dikes, and Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous clastic rocks.  Local bedrock is Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous flysch, Cretaceous granitic plutons, and Tertiary conglomerate.

P06-01	Bonnifield	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Hg, Pt, Sn, W		64 00 00N	148 30 00W	64	-148.5	64¿00'N	148¿30'W	Production of 2,325 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1903-1995.  Fineness: 825-900, average of 855		Production of 2,325 kg Au	825-900, average of 855		1903-1995	P	06	01	Capps, 1912; Cobb, 1973; Gilbert and Bundtzen, 1979; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer gold occurs in sreams and a few benches.  Thick glaciofluvial deposits and loess cover much of district.  Heavy minerals include various sulfides, scheelite, cassiterite, and cinnabar; PGE are found in Daniels Creek. Gold in district probably derived from Cretaceous or early Tertiary Au-bearing quartz or polymetallic vein lodes and middle or older kuroko massive sulfide deposits in Yukon-Tanana terrane, with probable recycling through Tertiary gravels.  Local bedrock is Paleozoic or older metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, and Cretaceous granitic plutons.

P06-02	Valdez Creek	Placer Au	Au, Cu, Pb		63 00 00N	143 30 00W	63	-143.5	63¿00'N	143¿30'W	Production of 15,763 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1905-1995.  Fineness: Narrow value of 852		Production of 15,763 kg Au	Narrow value of 852		1905-1995	P	06	02	Chapin, 1918; Capps, 1919; Tuck, 1938; Smith, 1970; Cobb, 1973; Bressler and others (1985); Fechner and Herzog, 1990; Reger and Bundtzen, 1990; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Valdez Creek placers exhibit a complex Pleistocene history.  Gold produced from modern stream gravels and from channels is ancestral to Valdez Creek and is buried by up to 60 m of till and glacio-fluial deposits.  Main pay channels considered to be Sangamon (mid Pleistocene) in age.  District mined by open pit and sluice methods.  Heavy minerals are gold, magnetite, pyrite, zircon, sphene, sillimanite, kyanite, galena, realgar, orpiment, hessite (a silver telluride).  Gold in district probably derived from polymetallic vein deposits associated with Cretaceous granitic rocks.  Extensive recent mining; currently the largest placer mine in Alaska. Other smaller placer mines in district include White, Black, and Timberline Creeks, and Lucky Gulch. Local bedrock is Late Jurassic or older metasedimentary rocks, Mesozoic graywacke, and Cretaceous and early Tertiary granitic plutons.

P06-03	Delta River	Placer Au	Au		63 20 00N	146 00 00W	63.3333333333333	-146	63¿20'N	146¿00'W	Production of 204 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1903-1995.  Fineness: average 825		Production of 204 kg Au	average 825		1903-1995	P	06	03	Rose, 1965a; Cobb, 1973; I.M. Lange and W.J. Nokleberg, written commun., 1984; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold probably derived from numerous occurrences and prospects of polymetallic vein and porphyry Cu deposits associated with late Paleozoic porphyries and Mesozoic granitic plutons intruding upper Paleozoic sedimentary and submarine volcanic rocks of the Slana Spur and Eagle Creek Formations and from mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Glacial and glaciofluvial deposits cover most of district.  Local bedrock is late Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, mafic to ultramafic sills, and Cretaceous granitic plutons on the southern portion; and Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern portion.

P06-04	Chistochina	Placer Au	Au, Pt, W, Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb		63 00 00N	144 30 00W	63	-144.5	63¿00'N	144¿30'W	Production of 5,637 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1898-1995.  Grade: 0.51 g/m3 at Round Wash; 1.12 g/m3 Ag at Quartz Creek.  Fineness: 862-887	0.51 g/m3 at Round Wash; 1.12 g/m3 Ag at Quartz Creek	Production of 5,637 kg Au	862-887		1898-1995	P	06	04	Rose, 1967; Cobb, 1973; Yeend, 1981a, b; Foley and Summers, 1990; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Most placer mining in district occurs in the extreme headwaters of Chistochina River on Miller Gulch and Slate Creek.  Gold occurs in Tertiary conglomerate named "Round Wash".  Source not known for either lode gold or rock clasts in Tertiary conglomerate; source presumably offset along nearby Denali fault.  Placer gold also produced from glacial drift in valleys in area.  Heavy minerals are gold, platinum, magnetite, pyrite, chromite, native copper, native silver, galena, cinnabar, garnet, and scheelite.  Gold fineness has a narrow range of 862 to 887, indicating a single lode source.  Local bedrock is late Paleozoic sedimentary, volcanic, and granitic plutonic rocks.

P06-05	Willow Creek	Placer Au	Au, Cu, W, Pt		61 40 00N	149 00 00W	61.6666666666667	-149	61¿40'N	149¿00'W	Production of 1,737 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1900-1995.  		Production of 1,737 kg Au			1900-1995	P	06	05	Capps, 1915; Jasper, 1967b; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Bulk of placer gold in district produced from Grubstake Gulch and Willow Creek.  Heavy minerals include gold, chalcopyrite, and platinum.  Placers derived from polymetallic vein or Au-bearing quartz vein deposits in the Jurassic Talkeetna Mountains batholith, adjacent schist, or recycled in Tertiary conglomerate.  Local bedrock is Jurassic granitic rocks, and Tertiary conglomerate.

P06-06	Nelchina	Placer Au	Au, Pt, W		61 40 00N	145 00 00W	61.6666666666667	-145	61¿40'N	145¿00'W	Production of 439 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1912-1995.  Fineness: 812-819		Production of 439 kg Au	812-819		1912-1995	P	06	06	Moffit and Capps, 1911; Chapin, 1918; Jasper, 1967b; Cobb and Matson, 1972; T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold occurs in stream gravels and low benches in Busch, Yako, and Alfred Creeks.  Fine gold occurs in glacial and glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age.  Much of gold occurs within 1 m of bedrock and on bedrock surface.  Scheelite and platinum occur in some samples. Gold probably derived from auriferous deposits in the Talkeetna Formation; however, most gold interpreted as recycled from Tertiary continental deposits.

P06-07	Hope	Placer Au	Au, Cu, Sb, Hg, Pb		61 10 00N	149 30 00W	61.1666666666667	-149.5	61¿10'N	149¿30'W	Production of 2,090 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1888-1995.  Fineness: 812-856		Production of 2,090 kg Au	812-856		1888-1995	P	06	07	Moffit, 1906; Martin and others, 1915; Cobb and Richter, 1972; Jansons and others, 1984; Winkler and others, 1984; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold occurs in streams and bench gravels; recycled in part from glacial and glaciofluvial deposits.  Mills and Canyon Creeks are most productive streams.  Mining with small dredges and hydraulic systems.  Heavy minerals are gold, native silver, native copper, sulfides, scheelite, and cinnabar. Largest deposit at Crow Creek placer: estimated 1,200,000 m3 grading 1.1 g/m3; gold occurs in blue or yellow clays near false bedrock; most production from bench gravels.  Gold in district mostly derived from Au-bearing quartz vein deposits in metagraywacke and phyllite of the Upper Cretaceous Valdez Group.  Local bedrock is Upper Cretaceous graywacke and phyllite.

P07-01	Sixtymile	Placer Au	Au		64 01 00N	140 43 00W	64.0166666666667	-140.716666666667	64¿01'N	140¿43'W	Production of 10,634 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1870-1994.  Fineness: 775-855		Production of 10,634 kg fine Au	775-855		1870-1994	P	07	01	Hughes and others 1986; Glasmacher and Friedrich, 1992; Thompson, and Van Kalsbeek, 1993; Fuller, 1995; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District is underlain by metamorphosed Proterozoic to Paleozoic rocks of the Yukon-Tanana terrane that is intruded by Devonian and Mississippian plutons (Simpson Range suite), Middle Jurassic pegmatitic and aplitic dikes (Klotassin suite), and Upper Cretaceous porphyritic dikes and related volcanics, (Carmacks Group andesites and dacites), which are in turn overlain by Quaternary alkali-olivine basalts (Selkirk Group).  Area was not glaciated.  Two potential lode sources exisit for placer gold; structurally controlled polymetallic Au-Ag veins in the metamorphic rocks, e.g.  Mosquito Creek, Connaught, and Tertiary epithermal mineralization.  Epithermal veins are subdivided into a quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite-gold-bearing assemblage and a quartz-galena-sphalerite-silver-bearing assemblage.

P07-02	Klondike	Placer Au	Au		63 42 00N	138 36 00W	63.7	-138.6	63¿42'N	138¿36'W	Production of 217,089 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1870-1994.  Fineness: 685-860		Production of 217,089 kg fine Au	685-860		1870-1994	P	07	02	Boyle, 1979; Thompson, and Van Kalsbeek, 1993.	District is underlain mainly by Klondike Schist that consists of folded, and faulted quartz-mica, chlorite, sericite and pyritic-graphitic schists, quartzites, phyllites, and highly sheared quartz porphyry sills.  Area contains two suites of intrusives, a Cretaceous granodiorite suite and an Eocene bimodal quartz-feldpar porphyry/plag-phyric-mafic porphyry suite.  Auriferous quartz veins and boudins occur in the schists and represent two different periods of vein formation.  Generally barren quartz veins also occur in the Eocene rocks.  Epithermal style veins with anomalous precious metals occur in Quaternary rocks.  The Klondike placers were formed during late Tertiary uplift.  The area has not been glaciated.  Most important placer deposits occur in gravels in the bottom of valleys, resting on bedrock.  Gravel is locally derived from the schists.  The White Channel gravels are comprised dominantly of quartz.  They are ancient deposits as well, probably dating back to the Pliocene.  A later period of uplift, Late Pleistocene or Recent, has resulted in modern streams channelling deeply into the old gravel deposits, further concentrating the gold.

P07-03	Stewart River	Placer Au	Au		63 00 00N	138 35 00W	63	-138.583333333333	63¿00'N	138¿35'W	Production of 23,777 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1870-1994.  Fineness: 728-903		Production of 23,777 kg fine Au	728-903		1870-1994	P	07	03	Yukon Minfile, 1990; Thompson, and Van Kalsbeek, 1993; Fuller and Anderson, 1993; Murphy and others, 1993.	District occurs on the unglaciated Klondike Plateau and is underlain by metamorphosed Proterozoic to Paleozoic rocks, intruded by Devonian and Mississippian plutons of the Simpson Range suite, mid-Cretaceous intrusions of the Whitehorse suite, and partially overlain by Tertiary Carmacks Group volcanics.  Fluvial gravel deposits, the principal placer gold producer are found both in modern streams and on bedrock terraces up to 100m above present stream levels.  Gravels consist of predominantly metamorphic clasts with lesser volcanic clasts.  Soil development on the gravels suggest they predate the oldest Pleistocene glaciation.  They may be the same age as the White Channel gravels in the Klondike area.  The Moosehorn Range granodioritic pluton, part of the Triassic Klotassin Batholith, contains auriferous polymetallic-quartz veins that contain native gold occurs in arsenopyrite, galena, boulangerite and sphalerite.

P07-04	Chisana	Placer Au	Au, Ag		62 15 00N	142 00 00W	62.25	-142	62¿15'N	142¿00'W	Production of 2,425 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1910-1995.  Fineness: 797-866, average 830		Production of 2,425 kg Au	797-866, average 830		1910-1995	P	07	04	Capps, 1916; Richter and Matson, 1972; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer deposits occur generally within a few kilometers of Bonanza Creek area.  Most gold derived from Tertiary gravel.  Heavy minerals are native copper, native silver, galena, cinnabar, and molybdenite.  Most placer deposits are in Tertiary conglomerate that occur near or are deposited on volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Chisana Formation.  Unconsolidated glacial and fluvial deposits cover most lowlands.  Local bedrock is Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks and flysch.

P07-05	Kluane	Placer Au	Au		61 18 00N	138 32 00W	61.3	-138.533333333333	61¿18'N	138¿32'W	Production of 2069 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1870-1994.  Fineness: 798-874		Production of 2069 kg fine Au	798-874		1870-1994	P	07	05	Yukon Minfile, 1990; Thompson and Van Kalsbeek, 1993.	District straddles the Denali Fault, and is underlain mainly by volcanic rocks of the Wrangellia terrane to the south, and metamorphic rocks of the Windy and adjacent metamorphic terranes to the north, as well as by plutons of the early Tertiary Bennett suite.  The stocks are highly fractured and contain porphyry Cu-Mo occurrences and pyritic quartz veins, which are likely sources of gold.

P07-06	Nizina	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Sb, Cu, Pb, Mo		61 20 00N	142 45 00W	61.3333333333333	-142.75	61¿20'N	142¿45'W	Production of 4,618 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1900-1991.  Fineness: 894-903, average 900		Production of 4,618 kg Au	894-903, average 900		1900-1991	P	07	06	Moffit, 1914; Cobb and Matson, 1972; Cobb and MacKevett, 1980; T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer deposits occur in Quaternary sediments in valley fills and on benches.  Native copper produced from some placers.  One 3-tonne native copper nugget recovered.  Heavy minerals are gold, native copper, native silver, and galena. Gold probably derived from vein deposits in Cretaceous or early Tertiary granitic plutons.  Some gold possibly derived from Cu-Ag vein deposits in the Nikolai Greenstone.  Local bedrock is Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous flysch, and Cretaceous and early Tertiary granitic plutons.

P07-07	Yakataga	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Cr, Cu		60 05 00N	142 00 00W	60.0833333333333	-142	60¿05'N	142¿00'W	Production of 561 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1898-1992.  Fineness: 892-896		Production of 561 kg Au	892-896		1898-1992	P	07	07	Maddren, 1914; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold occurs in beach deposits along coastal plain extending east-southeast from mouth of Copper River.  Gold also occurs in bench and streams of White River.  Heavy minerals are gold, magnetite, zircon, chromite, rutile, and native copper.  Narrow fineness range suggests a single lode source for the placer.  Probably derived from variety of bedrock sources drained by Copper River, including: (1) graywacke and argillite of lower Tertiary Orca Group and associated mafic extrusive rocks and mafic and granitic plutons, and (2) metagraywacke and phyllite of the Upper Cretaceous Valdez Group, and associated mafic extrusive rocks and granitic plutons. Possible recycling of glacial deposits in region.

P08-01	Mayo-McQuesten	Placer Au	Au		64 03 00N	135 51 00W	64.05	-135.85	64¿03'N	135¿51'W	Production of 8252 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1895-1994.  Fineness: 695-938		Production of 8252 kg fine Au	695-938		1895-1994	P	08	01	Yukon Minfile, 1990; Emond and Lynch, 1992; Thompson and Van Kalsbeek, 1993; Murphy and Heon, 1995.	District occurs within the Selwyn Basin and is underlain by Late Proterozoic to Mississippian clastic sedimentary rocks of Hyland, Road River and Earn Groups are imbricated along three Jurassic and Cretaceous thrust faults. Area intruded by mid-Cretaceous felsic plutons of Tombstone and Selwyn suites.  Associated with plutons are quartz-Au-arsenopyrite, quartz-Au-Sb-Ag and Sn-W veins, and W-Cu-Au skarns and breccias.  Placer gold was discovered on Haggart Creek in 1895 and on Dublin Gulch in 1898.  Galena, sphalerite, scheelite and jamesonite occur in placer gravels.

P08-02	Klotassin-Dawson Range	Placer Au	Au		62 06 00N	137 13 00W	62.1	-137.216666666667	62¿06'N	137¿13'W	Production of 625 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1870-1994.  Fineness: 800-860		Production of 625 kg fine Au	800-860		1870-1994	P	08	02	Yukon Minfile, 1992; Jackson, 1993; Thompson and Van Kalsbeek, 1993; Kreft, 1994; LeBarge, 1995.	District underlain by Paleozoic and upper Proterozoic basement metamorphic rocks of the Yukon-Tanana terrane that are intruded by Upper Triassic to Jurassic granodiorite ( Klotassin Batholith), porphyritic syenite, and quartz monzonite of the Jurassic Big Creek Plutonic suite.  Bedrock also intruded by Early Cretaceous Dawson Range granite and granodiorite, and by Late Cretaceous Carmacks volcanic suite quartz-feldspar porphyries and related massive flows and lapilli tuffs.  Metamorphosed Cu-Au-Ag porphyry style deposits, as at Minto Copper and Williams Creek are associated with porphyry intrusions of the Klotassin suite, and Cu-Au porphyry deposits with Late Cretaceous Carmacks suite as at Casino and Cash.  Au skarns and veins occur peripheral to several plutonic suites.  Several placer deposits occur in Recent valley alluvium and Pleistocene terraces occur near or on lode deposits; other placers are more distal.  Deep tropical weathering of the bedrock occurred during the Tertiary Period.  Two Pre-Reid glaciation events later covered the area. Reid glaciation did not reach the area but extensive aggradation occurred.  Glacial material is not generally gold-bearing, only where glaciers cut mineralized bedrock.  Gold is concentrated at interfaces between bedrock, gravel and diamicton.

P08-03	Big Salmon-Teslin	Placer Au	Au		61 24 00N	134 23 00W	61.4	-134.383333333333	61¿24'N	134¿23'W	Production of 2400 kg fine Au.  Years of Production: 1905-1994.  Fineness: 700-895		Production of 2400 kg fine Au	700-895		1905-1994	P	08	03	Stroink and Friedrich, 1992; Yukon Minfile, 1992; Thompson and Van Kalsbeek, 1993.	District underlain by Paleozoic schist and quartzite of the Yukon Cataclastic Complex of the Yukon-Tanana terrane along the Teslin Suture Zone, and by fault slices of Slide Mountain and Cache Creek oceanic terranes.  Feldspar porphyry dikes, probably equivalent to Late Cretaceous Carmacks Group volcanics, are associated with auriferous quartz-sulphide veins.  Chemistry, mineralogy and fluid inclusion studies indicate the placer gold is derived from veins.

P09-01	Laird River	Placer Au	Au		60 45 00N	130 30 00W	60.75	-130.5	60¿45'N	130¿30'W	Production of 1.5 kg fine Au.  Fineness: 800		Production of 1.5 kg fine Au	800			P	09	01	Yukon Minfile, 1978.	District underlain by tightly folded and metamorphosed Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian carbonate and siliciclastic rocks of Cassiar terrane  that contains Pb-Zn-Ag deposits.  Structural emplacement of the Slide Mountain and Kootenay terranes in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous was accompanied by the intrusion of widespread granitic and granodioritic plutons.  Major dextral strike-slip faulting occurred during late Cretaceous and early Tertiary times. Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks also occur in district.

P54-01	Allakh-Yun	Placer Au	Au		61 00 30N	138 08 55E	61.0083333333333	138.148611111111	61¿01'N	138¿09'E	Production of about 23 t between 1940 to 1964.  Grade: 1 to 10 g/m3  Au.  Fineness: 813-844	1 to 10 g/m3  Au	Production of about 23 t between 1940 to 1964	813-844			P	54	01	P.P. Smirnov, written commun., 1961; V.I. Korostelev,  written commun., 1963; Trushkov, 1971; N.L. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988.	District contains about 150 placer deposits, mostly in the Allak-Yun and Yudoma River basins.  Small channel-fill placers occur in the northern part of this area. Medium-size and some large valley placers and sparce bench placers occur in the middle of district. Flood-plain placer deposits and some channel-fill deposits occur in southern part of district. Gold placers occur in interglacial deposits.  Gold-bearing beds range from 0.5 to 3 m thick.  Depth of overburden ranges up to 100 m.  The highest-grade gold placers occur in the southern part of the district. Placers range from 1 to 10 km long and up to 200 m wide.  Gold nuggets to 1 kg weight are found.  Bedrock sources are Au quartz vein deposits.  Individual placer deposits are Zhar Creek, Yur-Duet, and Brindakit.



Zhar Creek placer deposit is 7 km long.  Average thickness of the gold-bearing bed is 1.4  m and the overburden is 3.5 m thick.  Fine gold (particles less than 1 mm in size) comprise 87% of all gold.  Five percent of gold occurs as nuggets weighing 10 to 200 g.  Bedrock source of this placer is Au quartz veins.   2.7 tonnes gold produced between 1940 to 1964.



Yur-Duet and Brindakit placer consist of several auriferous placer zones. Largest is 10 km long and from 10-300 m wide.  Gold grade is 1-7.3 g/m3.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.2-3.2 m thick, with 20-30 m overburden.  The average size gold particles is 1-2 mm, fineness 813-844.  Gold nuggets to 1,050 g weight were common at the Yur placer deposit.  About 20 tonnes of gold produced between 1940-1964.



P55-01	Susuman-Chai-Yuryuyen	Placer Au	Au		62 49 30N	147 51 39E	62.825	147.860833333333	62¿50'N	147¿52'E	Grade: District average of 1-20 g/m3 Au, Berelekh:  1-15 g/m3 Au, Chai-Yuruyue:  1-20 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 800-900; average of 867	District average of 1-20 g/m3 Au, Berelekh:  1-15 g/m3 Au, Chai-Yuruyue:  1-20 g/m3 Au		800-900; average of 867			P	55	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains the largest concentration of placer gold deposits in the central Kolyma region.  More than 400 individual placer deposits have been exploited.  Deposits are Lower to Upper Pleistocene and most are buried to shallow depths (up to 15 m).  Terrace and buried or ancestral placers occur in neotectonic hollows at depths of up to 300 m.  Placers of ancestral streams occur in interstream areas.  Major portions of the placer deposits are now worked out.  Lode sources of the placer mineralization are quartz veins, mineralized dikes, and zones of low-sulfide gold-quartz veinlets.  Major deposits are at Berelekh and Chai-Yuruyue.  



Berelekh placer deposit occurs in a seventh-order stream drainage system.  Gold-bearing stratum are 4-5 m thick.  Some coarse gold is recovered. Gold distribution is extremely irregular, with deposits concentrated in pods.  Terrace deposits occur within eighth-order stream drainages and placers ancestral to and diagonal to the trend of modern stream courses also occur.



Chai-Yuruyue pacer deposit occurs in a fifth-order stream drainage system.  Gold-bearing stratum are 1.2 m thick.  Coarse gold is common; more than 60% of the gold being 4 mm or larger.  Largest nuggets exceed 1 kg in weight.  Gold is intergrown with quartz.  Gold fineness averages 869. Gold derived from quartz-vein zones and dikes of intermediate composition which contain 1.6 to 12 g/m3 gold.

P55-02	Sanga-Talon	Placer Au	Au		61 53 11N	149 39 14E	61.8863888888889	149.653888888889	61¿53'N	149¿39'E	Grade: Elgenya deposit:  3 to 12 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 750-900	Elgenya deposit:  3 to 12 g/m3 Au		750-900			P	55	02	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	Placer deposits occur in a northwest-trending zone that crosses the Kolyma River valley.  More than 96 placer deposits are delineated in first-to-ninth order stream drainages.  Main gold concentrations occur in third-to-sixth order stream systems, with gold about equally divided between terrace and modern valley deposits.  Most placers occur in higher order stream valleys that occur in terrace alluvium.  Placer deposits range in age from Lower Pleistocene to Holocene, but Upper Pleistocene deposits are predominate.  Gold-bearing stratum range in thickness from 1.2 to 1.4 m; most are buried by 3 to 70 m of overburden. Gold is mostly coarse and intergrown in low-sulfide quartz-arsenopyrite veins with gold content of 12 to 15 g/t.  The connection of placer deposits to original lode sources is strongly expressed in Vetren Region, where placer deposits occur near and are derived from lode sources in the valley.  The Elgenya deposit is a major example in the district.



Elgenya placer deposit occur in terrace alluvium along a sixth-order steam drainage system.  Auriferous alluvium occurs in four distinct levels within the terrace deposits, at depths of 5, 25, 50, and 80 m.  The two youngest terrace deposits are of middle Pleistocene age.  Placer deposits locally range up to widths exceeding 200 m, and gold-bearing pay zones range from 0.8 to 1 m thick.  Auriferous deposits are commonly concentrated in small pod-like zones.  Coarse gold is common and gold fineness ranges from 837 to 863.  Buried placers up to 40 m thick occur under slope and glacial deposits.

P55-03	Tenka	Placer Au	Au		61 23 51N	148 41 08E	61.3975	148.685555555556	61¿24'N	148¿41'E	Grade: District average of 1-10 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 510-900	District average of 1-10 g/m3 Au		510-900			P	55	03	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains than 100 placer deposits that occur in a northwest-trending zone that is confined to the central part of Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium.  The most concentrated areas of placer development occur in Upper Pleistocene to Holocene age deposits of third- to fifth-order streams.  Most placer deposits occur in relatively shallow in valley alluvium.  Auriferous terrace alluvium is only poorly preserved, and contains subordinate gold values.  Alluvial placers also occur.  Gold fineness exhibits a wide range from 510 to 900, but averages 800 to 850.  Most placer deposits are exhausted.  Lode sources are quartz-carbonate low-sulfide veins, zones, and dikes, and contain up to 20 g/t gold.  An major deposit occurs at Omchak.  



Omchak placer deposits occurs in a fifth-order stream drainage and reach maximum widths of 510 m and thicknesses of 2 to 3.3 m.  Gold is generally fine-grained (0.6-0.9 mm); fineness ranges from 740 to 811.  Lode sources of gold are sheeted low-sulfide quartz vein systems in the Natalka and Pavlin deposits, and from other lode gold deposits that contain 3 to 7 g/t gold.

P56-01	Debin-Orotukan-Srednikan	Placer Au	Au		62 22 49N	150 49 54E	62.3802777777778	150.831666666667	62¿23'N	150¿50'E	Grade: At-Yuryakh deposit:  5 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 710-980	At-Yuryakh deposit:  5 g/m3 Au		710-980			P	56	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 270 individual placer deposits.  Most deposits occur in Upper Pleistocene placers up to 8 m thick, and less commonly in Middle and Lower Pleistocene deposits.  Buried placers occur in Seimchan-Buyundin and Taskan hollows.  Gold is variable in size; several nuggets of more than 4 kg have been recovered.  The bulk of the gold consists of small flakes and grains with fineness of 710 to 975.  Original lode sources are quartz veins that contain up to 300 g/t gold, and shear zones and dikes that contain up to 14 g/t gold. Major deposits occur at At-Yuryakh and Orotukan.  



At-Yuryakh placer deposit occurs in terrace alluvium in a fifth-order drainage system.  Pay channels increase in width and gold grade increases in the mouths of tributary streams, where placer deposits are up to 900 m wide.  Thickness of gold-bearing stratum ranges from 0.4 to 3.8 m.  Gold consists mainly of well-rounded, laminated, fine grains; fineness ranges from 916 to 980.  Major impurities are admixtures of silver and zinc.  Cassiterite, scheelite, and ilmenite occur in placer concentrates.



Orotukan placer district occurs in terrace alluvium in a sixth-order drainage system.  More persistent placers occur in 10-m thick terrace alluvium where gold-bearing stratum range up to 1.4 m thick. Cassiterite and scheelite occur in noneconomic concentrations.

P57-01	Taigonoss	Placer Au	Au		62 06 57N	161 13 53E	62.1158333333333	161.231388888889	62¿07'N	161¿14'E	Grade: 1-6 g/m3 Au.  	1-6 g/m3 Au					P	57	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	Gold placer deposits occur in second-to-fourth order valleys in the northern and central parts of Tiagonoss Peninsula.  At least 12 placer deposits are known; largest are at Avekov, Pylgin, and Kolymak Rivers.  Placer deposit types include alluvial, and flood plain. Rare terrace alluvial and spit placers, with a width up to 100 m, occur in the Avekov River valley.  Most of the placer deposits are Holocene, and rarely Pleistocene.  The Prima placer deposit which occurs at depths of 45 m, is interpreted as Early Quaternary. Most placers are shallow (0.4-2.6 m depth), and gold is complexly distributed throughout the alluvium.  Several placer deposits forming.  Gold grains are small (0.5-0.8 mm), laminated, and mainly well-rounded.  Gold-bearing quartz veins and zones in metamorphosed rocks of the Avekov block, and Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks are the principal lode sources.  Lode deposits range up to 8 g/t gold.

P58-01	Vidny Creek	Placer Au	Au		63 52 32N	164 35 18E	63.8755555555556	164.588333333333	63¿53'N	164¿35'E	Estimated production of 560 kg.  Probably exhausted.  Grade: Estimated up to 0.6 g/m3  .  Fineness: 625	Estimated up to 0.6 g/m3  	Estimated production of 560 kg.  Probably exhausted	625			P	58	01	V.N. Pavlov, written commun., 1988.	District contains shallow alluvial placer up to 4000 m long and 100 m wide.  Heavy minerals are hematite, ilmenite, zircon, and rutile.  Gold is derived from areas in bedrock with adularia-quartz-metasomatic, propylitic, and argillic alteration; which occur on the floors and slopes of valleys.  

P58-02	Kedrovy Creek	Placer Au	Au		63 32 51N	163 40 03E	63.5475	163.6675	63¿33'N	163¿40'E	Estimated production of 300 kg.  Probably exhausted.  Grade: Estimated 0.7 to 1.44 g/m3 .  Fineness: 630 to 650	Estimated 0.7 to 1.44 g/m3 	Estimated production of 300 kg.  Probably exhausted	630 to 650			P	58	02	V.A. Korovkin, written commun., 1991.	District contains flood plain and buried alluvial placers.  Deposit length varies from 1000 to 3000 m, and ranges up to 70 m wide.  Major heavy minerals are magnetite (up to 60%), epidote, hematite, pyrite, and zircon.  Gold is fine-grained about 0.5-0.6 mm.  Source of the placers interpreted as gold-silver-adularia-quartz veins.

P58-03	Pravaya, Kondyreva River	Placer Au	Au		63 36 38N	167 10 00E	63.6105555555556	167.166666666667	63¿37'N	167¿10'E	Production of more than 300 kg Au.  Grade: Up to 0.66 g/m3 .  Fineness: 890	Up to 0.66 g/m3 	Production of more than 300 kg Au	890			P	58	03	Yu.I Ivintaksov,  written commun., 1988.	Districts contain shallow alluvial placer that are over 8000 m long and range up to 115 m wide.  Grains range from 0.25 to 1.0 mm.  Magnetite is dominant in heavy-mineral concentrate. Ilmenite, pyrite, limonite, and epidote occur in electromagnetic fraction.  Gold was derived from Au quartz veins.

P58-04	Ushkan'e River Basin 	Placer Au	Au		63 19 43N	166 37 24E	63.3286111111111	166.623333333333	63¿20'N	166¿37'E	Produced more than 1000 kg Au.  Grade: 0.8 to 1.2 g/ m3 in shallow deposits, up to 2.5 g/m3 in buried placers.  Fineness: 850	0.8 to 1.2 g/ m3 in shallow deposits, up to 2.5 g/m3 in buried placers	Produced more than 1000 kg Au	850			P	58	04	B.V. Dvoretsky, written commun., 1982.	District contains two types of placers:  (1) surface deposits ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 g/m3 Au; and  (2) alluvial placers buried up to several m deep containing up to 2.5 g/m3 Au.  Shallow placers are related to the flood plains and flood plain terraces.  Length of placers ranges from 1500 to 8600 m and width ranges from 50 to 200 m.  Gold grains are 0.15 to 2.0 mm.  Magnetite, hematite, ilmenite (up to 19%), amphibole, pyroxene, and zircon occur in heavy-mineral fraction.  Gold is derived from hydrothermally-altered rocks. Linear weathering crusts occur in the bottom of the valleys.

P58-05	Gorelaya River	Placer Au	Au		62 40 16N	167 04 46E	62.6711111111111	167.079444444444	62¿40'N	167¿05'E	Grade: Ranges from a few g/m3 to 5.3 g/m3.  Fineness: 788	Ranges from a few g/m3 to 5.3 g/m3		788			P	58	05	S.V. Spivak, written commun., 1989.	District contains numerous shallow and alluvial, and rare proluvial and diluvial placers. Deposits range from a few hundred to 2700 m long.  Gold is fine grained, rarely up to 2 mm.  Magnetite (up to 66%), ilmenite (up to 77%), hematite, pyroxene, epidote, garnet, zircon, marcasite, galena, sphalerite, and anatase occur in heavy mineral fractions.  Gold derived from veinlets and disseminations in carbonate rocks in volcaniclastic rocks.

P58-06	Perspektivny Creek, Kechichma River	Placer Au	Au		62 08 41N	162 40 55E	62.1447222222222	162.681944444444	62¿09'N	162¿41'E	Estimated production of 440 kg.  Probably exhausted.  Grade: Average of 0.95 to 1.40 g/m3.  Fineness: 850-860	Average of 0.95 to 1.40 g/m3	Estimated production of 440 kg.  Probably exhausted	850-860			P	58	06	P.I. Chehculin, written commun., 1990.	Districts consists of a group of shallow alluvial placers that vary from 1000 to 6000 m long and 50-60 m wide. Deposits occur in the riverbed and flood plain of Perspektivny Creek.  Gold grains range from 0.5 to 2 mm.  Probable lode source is Au quartz veins.

P58-07	Smyaty and Grif Creeks	Placer Au	Au	Pt	62 16 26N	164 21 38E	62.2738888888889	164.360555555556	62¿16'N	164¿22'E	Production pf 25 kg Au.  Grade: Up to 1.45 g/m3.  Fineness: U to 912	Up to 1.45 g/m3	Production pf 25 kg Au	U to 912			P	58	07	G.P. Shipitsin, written commun., 1968; O.T. Kovalishin, written commun., 1989.	Districts contain shallow alluvial placers that are related to flood plain and terraces, up to 1600 m long and 30-35 m wide.  Average size of gold grains is 1 mm.  Heavy minerals are magnetite and chrome-spinel, with subordinate pyroxene, hornblende, ilmenite, garnet, platinum group minerals (osmiridium), pyrite, sphalerite, cinnabar, and  rare silver.  Platinum/gold ratio is 1/300 to 1/400.  The lode source has not been determined.  Gold is interpreted as partly recycled from Early Cretaceous conglomerates, and from gold-sulfide and Au quartz vein deposits that contain up to 1-5 g/t gold.  

P58-08	Kichavayam River	Placer Au	Au		62 19 56N	165 53 23E	62.3322222222222	165.889722222222	62¿20'N	165¿53'E	Estimated production of 120 kg.  Probably exhausted.  Grade: Up to 0.64 g/m3.  	Up to 0.64 g/m3	Estimated production of 120 kg.  Probably exhausted				P	58	08	V.A. Volkov, written commun., 1986.	District contains shallow placers deposits up to 900 m long and 50 m wide that occur in riverbed and flood plain alluvium.  Heavy-minerals are hematite (up to 97%), pyroxene, epidote, leucoxene, garnet, zircon, chrome-spinel, corundum, and cinnabar.  Gold derived from gold-sulfide quartz veins. Source lode deposits ranges from 0.4 to 28.7 g/t Au, 4.6 to 40.66 g/t Ag, up to 6.45% Zn, and up to 1% As.

P58-09	Seinav-Galimanan	Placer PGE	PGE		61 07 00N	166 48 00E	61.1166666666667	166.8	61¿07'N	166¿48'E	Modest production of PGE.  Grade: 0.6-2.2 g/m3 PGE .  	0.6-2.2 g/m3 PGE 	Modest production of PGE				P	58	09	Y. Frolov, this study.	District contains several small PGE deposits that occur in influvial gravels along valley floors and in terrace alluvium, with minor deposits in colluvial slope deposits adjacent to streams.  District underlain by dunite, pyroxenite, and gabbro that form part of Seinav-Galimanan zoned ultramafic complex.  The Latyrenavayam River deposit is 140-340 m wide and covered by 2.8-17.1 m of overburden. PGE-bearing gravels range from 1.2-4.7 m thick.  Ledinoye Creek contains terrace alluvial deposits that contain 1-7 g/m3 PGE.  PGE-bearing gravels in Ledinoye Creek terrace alluvium are 1.-2.6 m thick.  Platinum fineness is 874 at Ledinoye Creek.  Average placer PGE concentrations for district are:  2.77% Ir, 1.25% Pd, and 0.45% Os.  PGE in the ultramafic source rocks averages 1 g/tonne combined Pd, Ir, Pt, and Rh.  

P59-01	Vesyoly Creek	Placer PGE

	PGE		62 24 56N	171 46 53E	62.4155555555556	171.781388888889	62¿25'N	171¿47'E	Grade: Average of 1.05 g/m3 PGE.  	Average of 1.05 g/m3 PGE					P	59	01	A.V. Razumny, written commun., 1990.	Placer deposits associated with alluvium that occurs immediately above bedrock in flood plains and terraces 10 to 12 m high.  Deposit is 7 km long and 40 m wide.  Distribution of metals is uneven, averaging 1.05 g/m3.  PGE consist of hexagonal solid solutions of osmium, iridium, and ruthenium, and cubic solid solutions of iridium (10%).  PGE compounds with iron, arsenic, and sulfur also occur.  PGE grains are dominantly in the 0.4 to 0.8 mm size fraction.  Heavy-minerals are chromite, ilmenite, zircon, rutile, pyrite, marcasite, apatite, and garnet.  Underlying bedrock consists of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous (Tithonian to Valanginian) serpentinite.  

P59-02	Prizhimny Creek, Dobraya River	Placer Au	Au	PGE	61 00 04N	171 12 16E	61.0011111111111	171.204444444444	61¿00'N	171¿12'E	Grade: Over 1 g/m3  Au and 0.18 g/m3 PGE.  Fineness: 871-899	Over 1 g/m3  Au and 0.18 g/m3 PGE		871-899			P	59	02	M.B. Ivanik, written commun., 1989.	Shallow placer deposits in district display a complex genesis varying from fluvio-glacial to alluvial. Deposits are up to 1000 m long and up to 60 m wide.  Seventy-five percent of gold grains range from 0.3 to 0.5 mm.  Heavy-minerals consist of 85% magnetite, up to 10% chromite, and subordinate pyroxene, ilmenite, pyrite, anatase, garnet, and sparse sphalerite,  galena, cinnabar, PGM, and gold.  PGE grains are mostly 0.5 to 1.0 mm.  Gold was derived from quartz-carbonate veins containing up to 100 g/t gold.  Veins and stockworks occur along contacts within and adjacent to gabbroic, picrite, and diorite intrusions.  A network of carbonate-quartz veinlets containing up to 5 g/t gold occurs along the Dobaraya River valley.

Q01-01	Penyelkhin	Placer Au	Au		67 27 53N	177 19 38W	67.4647222222222	-177.327222222222	67¿28'N	177¿20'W	No data.  Fineness: 880-900		No data	880-900			Q	01	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains as many as 10 placer deposits that occur in valleys in a mountainous area near the Vankarem lowland.  The principal placer deposit is at Penyelkhin that formed during the Miocene to Pleistocene during multiple erosional events.  Gold-bearing stratum is confined to a thalweg channel and a 10-m-thick terrace of alluvium that are now buried under up to 30 m of glacial drift.  The Penyekhin deposit extends for 4 km and ranges up to 300 m wide.  Auriferous gravels range up to 3 m thick; rarely more.  The gold is concentrated in pods.  Gold grains are small and average 0.5 mm in diameter.  Octahedral gold crystals occur.  Gold fineness ranges from 880 to 900.  Low-sulfide Au quartz veins and silicified shear zones are the lode sources.

Q03-01	Port Clarence	Placer Au-Sn	Sn, Au, REE, W, Cr, Pb, Ag, Hg, Pt		65 40 00N	166 30 00W	65.6666666666667	-166.5	65¿40'N	166¿30'W	Production of 1,273 kg Au and about 1,300 tonnes of Sn..  Years of Production: 1898-1993.  Fineness: 880-902		Production of 1,273 kg Au and about 1,300 tonnes of Sn.	880-902		1898-1993	Q	03	01	Brooks, 1901; Collier and others, 1908; Mulligan, 1959; Cobb and Sainsbury, 1972; T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1992; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer deposits occur in creeks and benches that occur as much as 60 m above present-day streams.  Dredge mining produced bulk of gold.  Gold probably derived from low-sulfide Au-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks of the Nome Group.  Sn province occurs in western part of the district; about 1300 tonnes of combined placer and lode tin produced.  Cape Creek placer deposit in Cape Prince of Wales area produced an average 100,000 kg tin in cassiterite concentrate each year from 1979 to 1990 when creek placer was apparently exhausted.  Tin placers on streams draining contact zones around Cretaceous Sn-bearing granitic rocks and associated vein deposits.  Heavy minerals in both gold and tin placers are gold, cassiterite, scheelite, cinnabar, monazite, xenotime, zircon, columbite, tantalite, and wolframite.  Local bedrock is slate and schist of the Nome Group and Cretaceous granitic plutons.

Q03-02	Kougarok	Placer Au-Sn	Au, Sn, W		65 45 00N	164 50 00W	65.75	-164.833333333333	65¿45'N	164¿50'W	Production of 5,410 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1900-1995.  Fineness: 857-931		Production of 5,410 kg Au.	857-931		1900-1995	Q	03	02	Collier and others, 1908; Cobb, 1973; Eakins, 1981; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains large gold resources that occur in Quaternary(?) glacial outwash gravels of the Tertiary and Quaternary(?) Kougarok Gravels.  Buried Tertiary gravels and conglomerates may be gold source.  Most mining by dredging.  Heavy minerals are gold, pyrite, magnetite, hematite, cassiterite, scheelite, cinnabar, and lead sulfides. Richest areas in Iron and Taylor Creeks and near Coffee Dome.  Placer gold derived mainly from low-sulfide Au-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks and from Sn lode deposits associated with Cretaceous granitic plutons.  Local bedrock is schist, slate, marble, and granitic rocks.  

Q03-03	Nome	Placer Au	Au, Ag, W, Sb		64 30 00N	165 30 00W	64.5	-165.5	64¿30'N	165¿30'W	Production of 151,595 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1902-1995.  Fineness: 845-902		Production of 151,595 kg Au.	845-902		1902-1995	Q	03	03	Collier and others, 1908; Moffit, 1913; Cobb, 1973; Eakins, 1981; R.V.Bailey, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District produced bulk of gold from ancient beach gravels developed in till.  Up to five separate elevated beaches and several submerged beaches.  Modern stream gravels, and low and high alluvial benches also contain gold.  Beach strandlines contain inferred (drilled) reserves of 80 million m3 grading 0.4 g/tonne Au.  Heavy mineral concentrates dominated by arsenopyrite and scheelite. Placers known for exceptionally large gold nuggets, mostly found in elliptical deposits on Anvil Mountain.  Gold in district probably derived from Au-bearing quartz vein lode deposits, such as Rock Creek, and at Sophie Gulch north of Nome.  Local bedrock is Paleozoic metasedimentary and lesser metavolcanic rocks of Nome Group with Au-bearing quartz veins.  

Q03-04	Council  (Includes Solomon)	Placer Au	Au, W, Hg, Cu		64 45 00N	163 30 00W	64.75	-163.5	64¿45'N	163¿30'W	Production of 31,706 kg Au.  Years of Production: 1989-1995.  Grade: Reserves of 0.4 to 0.7 g/m3, known in Spruce Creek.  Fineness: 826-870 in Solonom River and 902-960 in Fish River	Reserves of 0.4 to 0.7 g/m3, known in Spruce Creek	Production of 31,706 kg Au	826-870 in Solonom River and 902-960 in Fish River		1989-1995	Q	03	04	Collier and others, 1908; Smith, 1910; Smith and Eakin, 1911; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains beach, modern stream, and rare bench gold placers.  Heavy minerals dominated by arsenopyrite, magnetite, and scheelite.  Mined mainly by dredging and sluicing.  Gold in district probably derived from Au-bearing quartz vein deposits in metamorphic rocks of the Nome Group, such as the Big Hurrah Gold-Tungsten deposit.  Local bedrock is schist, marble, dolomite, and thin quartz veins.

Q04-01	Kiana	Placer Au	Au, nephrite		67 10 00N	160 15 00W	67.1666666666667	-160.25	67¿10'N	160¿15'W	Production of 1,263 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1898-1968.  Fineness: 888-913		Production of 1,263 kg Au.	888-913		1898-1968	Q	04	01	I.M. Reed, written commun., 1931; Cobb, 1973.	Gold mined principally from tributaries of Squirrel River.  Coarse gold, some nuggets with quartz attached.  Magnetite common in concentrates. Gold and magnetite probably derived from Au-bearing quartz vein lode deposits in metamorphic rocks.  Local bedrock is marble and schist.

Q04-02	Shungnak	Placer Au	Au, Cu, Ag, Cr, Cd		67 00 00N	157 00 00W	67	-157	67¿00'N	157¿00'W	Production of 465 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1898-1988.  Fineness: 772-803		Production of 465 kg Au.	772-803		1898-1988	Q	04	02	Smith, 1913b; Anderson, 1945; Cobb, 1973.	Placer deposits occur in streams that drain Cosmos Hills.  Gold source is mainly Au quartz veins that occur in metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks.  Most placer production was from Dahl Creek.  Heavy minerals include gold, magnetite, chromite, native copper, and silver. Nephrite and serpentinite boulders collected from creek gravels and tailings piles.  Large numbers of quartz crystals recovered from placer operations.  Local bedrock is metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks.

Q04-03	Fairhaven  (Includes Candle and Inmachuk)	Placer Au	Au, Pb, W, Pt, Ag		65 45 00N	161 41 00W	65.75	-161.683333333333	65¿45'N	161¿41'W	Production of 18,865 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1900-1995.  Fineness: 847-898		Production of 18,865 kg Au.	847-898		1900-1995	Q	04	03	Henshaw, 1909; Cobb, 1973, T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains rich placer gold deposits on Candle Creek and Inmachuk River.  Major streams extensively dredged; substantial resources remain unmined in buried drainages in northern part of district.  Buried gold-rich channel gravel occur in vicinity of Mud Creek.  Most production on Candle Creek was from left limit bench (paleo-Candle Creek) about 600 m wide and 6 km long.  Placers at Kiwalik Flat occur at mouth of Paleo-Candle Creek and were partially reworked by marine conditions.  Auriferous bench deposits occcur 30 m above Inmachuk River and are overlain by a 5.7 Ma basalt flow.  Heavy minerals are galena, magnetite, scheelite, sphalerite, and trace platinum metals.  Gold probably derived from polymetallic vein lode deposits associated with Cretaceous granitic plutons or alternatively from Au-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks, or alternatively from Au-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks.  Local bedrock consists of schist, marble, granitic plutons, and Tertiary basalt.

Q04-04	Koyuk	Placer Au, Pt	Au, Sb, W, Pt, Bi		65 00 00N	161 20 00W	65	-161.333333333333	65¿00'N	161¿20'W	Production of 2,616 kg Au and about 10 kg byproduct Pt..  Years of Production: 1915-1993.  Fineness: 840-920 (950-966 in Dime Creek)		Production of 2,616 kg Au and about 10 kg byproduct Pt.	840-920 (950-966 in Dime Creek)		1915-1993	Q	04	04	Smith and Eakin, 1911; Harrington, 1919; Cobb, 1973, T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains creek and bench placers at Bonanza, Dime, and Sweepstakes Creeks.  Nuggets with vein quartz attached have been recovered.  Mining by sluicing, dredging, and drifting.  Heavy minerals are gold, magnetite, ilmenite, scheelite, stibnite, bismuthinite, wolframite, platinum, chromite, rutile, garnet, uranothorianite, hydrothorite, hematite, chrome spinel, iron and copper sulfides, galena, sphalerite, and molybdenite.  Gold fineness on Dime Creek is extremely high (950-966); fineness values average 840 and 920 in Sweepstakes and Ungalik Creeks respectively.  Gold probably derived from polymetallic vein and other lode deposits associated with Cretaceous granitic plutons.  Altered ultramafic rocks found in Dime Creek drainage may be source of platinum.  Local bedrock is schist, marble, granitic plutons, and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.

Q05-01	Noatak	Placer Au	Au		68 00 00N	156 00 00W	68	-156	68¿00'N	156¿00'W	Production of 242 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1898-1989.  		Production of 242 kg Au.			1898-1989	Q	05	01	Smith, 1913b; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold mined mainly from Lucky Six Creek and small tributaries.  Nearby lode deposit contains sulfides and gold.  Gold probably derived from Au quartz or polymetallic vein deposits.  Local bedrock consists of marble, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks.  District occurs in a National Conservation unit where mining is prohibited.  

Q05-02	Wiseman (Koyukuk)	Placer Au	Au, Bi, Cu, W, Pb		67 15 00N	150 45 00W	67.25	-150.75	67¿15'N	150¿45'W	Production of 10,578 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1893-1995.  Fineness: 925-975		Production of 10,578 kg Au.	925-975		1893-1995	Q	05	02	Maddren, 1913; I.M.Reed, written commun., 1938; Brosge and Reiser, 1960; Cobb, 1973; Dillon, 1982; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Glaciation in parts of district  has caused disarrangements of drainage, resulting in complex placer deposits.  Gold-rich gravels occur in modern streams, bench, and buried stream deposits on bedrock.  Large nuggets include 4.29 kg nugget on Hammond River and 1.28 kg on Nolan Creek. Large nuggets more common than elsewhere in Alaska. Heavy minerals are gold, stibnite, native silver, native copper, native bismuth, scheelite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, rutile, cassiterite, monazite, andalusite, and kyanite.  Larger deposits at Hammond River and Nolan Creek. 



Hammond River contains an estimated 210,000 m3 grading 5.1 g/m3 Au and 0.32 g/m3 Ag. Total production of up to 1.84 million g Au. Estimated production of 3.1 million g Ag. Deposit mined by drift and sluice methods. Placer deposit mostly occurs within lower 5 km of mouth of Koyukuk River. Placer mining from 1900 until 1942.



Nolan Creek contains an estimated 146,000 m3 grading 12 g/m3 Au. Drift mining employed. Local stibnite veins occur in metamorphic and granitic rocks.  Deposits in district probably derived from Au quartz veins and Sb-Au vein deposits.  Local bedrock consists of metasedimentary rocks, granitic plutons, and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.

Q05-03	Hughes-Koyukuk	Placer Au	Au, Cu, Pb, Ag, Sn, Pt, Zn		65 50 00N	155 00 00W	65.8333333333333	-155	65¿50'N	155¿00'W	Production of 7,212 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1910-1995.  		Production of 7,212 kg Au.			1910-1995	Q	05	03	Eakin, 1916; Miller and Ferrians, 1968; Cobb, 1973; T.K. Bundtzen, written commun., 1990; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold in derived from streams draining contact zones around Cretaceous granitic plutons near Indian Mountain and in southern Zane Hills.  Recent dredging on Bear Creek where most production has occurred.  Most of area not glaciated.  Gold probably derived from polymetallic vein and other lode deposits associated with Cretaceous granitic plutons.  Local bedrock is Jurassic and Cretaceous clastic and volcanic rocks, and granitic plutons.

Q05-04	Melozitna (Gold Hill)	Placer Au	Au, Sn, Pb, Ag, Zn, Cu		65 30 00N	152 30 00W	65.5	-152.5	65¿30'N	152¿30'W	Production of 355 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1909-1995.  Fineness: 895		Production of 355 kg Au.	895		1909-1995	Q	05	04	Eakin, 1912; Chapman and others, 1963; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold occurs in thin bench deposits and shallow-stream gravels in Grant, Illinois, and Mason Creeks that form small tributaries of Yukon River.  Heavy minerals are gold, cassiterite, magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, garnet, and tourmaline.  Single gold fineness value of 895 recorded.  Placers occur within a few kilometers of known or inferred granitic plutons.  No known lode deposits.  Gold probably derived from polymetallic vein and skarn deposits associated with Cretaceous hypabyssal granitic plutons.  Local bedrock is metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, and Cretaceous clastic and granitic rocks.

Q05-05	Hot Springs	Placer Au-Sn-Nb	Au, Sn, Cr, REE, Cu, Pb, Ag, Ni, Hg, W, Bi, Nb		65 10 00N	151 00 00W	65.1666666666667	-151	65¿10'N	151¿00'W	Production of 17,784 kg Au and about 400,000 kg of Sn..  Years of Production: 1898-1995.  Fineness: 740-875		Production of 17,784 kg Au and about 400,000 kg of Sn.	740-875		1898-1995	Q	05	05	Mertie, 1934; Wayland, 1961; Heiner and Wolff, 1968; Cobb, 1973; Southworth, 1984; Warner, 1985; Warner and Southworth, 1985; Warner and others, 1986; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Nearly all placer deposits in district consist of buried bench gravels that occur on old terraces or buried stream deposits derived from older bench gravels.  Thick deposits of frozen silt conceal placer deposits and make exploration difficult.  Area not glaciated.  Principal deposits explored were those on Sullivan Bench.  Gold fineness ranges from 740 to 875. 



Glen Creek deposit contains an estimated 600,000 m3 grading 2.5 g/m3; over 1.50 million g produced by 1931. Gravels derived from local slate and quartzite with quartz veinlets. 



American Creek deposit contains an estimated 410,000 m3 grading 5.3 g/m3. Total production at least 2.18 million g Au. Gold occurs in lower 1.1 m of gravels and upper 1 m of bedrock. Gold in quartz-carbonate veins associated with east-west-trending shear zone.  Gold in district possibly related to granitic plutons in area. 



Ni-bearing columbite and aeschynite occurs in tailings of drift placer mines near Tofty. Concentrates of tailings contain between 0.2 and 4.5% Nb.  Estimated 45,400 kg recoverable Nb2O5 in placer deposits near Tofty.  Local bedrock consists of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks and Tertiary granitic plutons.

Q05-06	Rampart	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Bi, W, Sn		65 30 00N	150 00 00W	65.5	-150	65¿30'N	150¿00'W	Production of 6,103 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1881-1995.  Fineness: 900-955		Production of 6,103 kg Au.	900-955		1881-1995	Q	05	06	Mertie, 1934; Waters, 1934; Chapman and others, 1963; Heiner and Wolff, 1968; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Bulk of gold production in district occurred in drainages of Minook, Little Minook, Hunter, Hoosier, andTroublesome Creeks.  Area not glaciated.  At least four prominent terraces occur in Minook Creek, about 3 to 900 m above sea level.  Pliocene(?) gravel in highest terrace is up to 20 m thick and auriferous, but not generally commercial.  More than half of gold produced in district from Little Minook Creek.  Heavy minerals are gold, garnet, barite, chrome spinel, pyrite, cinnabar, native bismuth, and tetrahedrite. Larger deposits are at Ruby Creek, Hunter-Dawson Creek, Morelock Creek, Hoosier Creek, and Little Minook Creek.



Ruby Creek contains an estimated 290,000 m3 grading 0.67 g/m3. Mined mainly by open-cut and drift methods.  Hunter-Dawson Creek contains an estimated 250,000 m3 grading 2.6 g/m3; hydraulic and drift mining. Gold occurs in lower 1 m of gravel and upper 1.1 m of bedrock. Local bedrock of shear zone with sulfide minerals and quartz-calcite veins. 



Morelock Creek contains an estimated 150,000 m3 grading 3.6 g/m3. Sluice mining. Gold occurs in lower few centimeters of gravel and upper few centimeters of irregular bedrock surface. 



Little Minook Creek contains an estimated 120,000 m3 grading 13 g/m3 Au, 1.1 g/m3 Ag. Estimated total production of 2.02 million g Au; gravels vary from 2 to 4 m thick with gold at base and in upper 0.2 m of bedrock.  Although most placer gold derived from Pliocene gravels, original source is probably polymetallic vein lode deposits associated with mid to Late Cretaceous monzonitic stocks.  Local bedrock is Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and Tertiary granitic plutons.

Q05-07	Ruby	Placer Au	Au, Sn, Bi, REE, Pb, W, Pt		64 25 00N	154 20 00W	64.4166666666667	-154.333333333333	64¿25'N	154¿20'W	Production of 14,830 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1907-1995.  Fineness: 800-890		Production of 14,830 kg Au.	800-890		1907-1995	Q	05	07	Eakin, 1918; Mertie and Harrington, 1924; Cass, 1959; Chapman and others, 1963; Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District displays a complex geomorphic history.  Vein quartz, chert, and other resistant rocks are common in placers.  Several cycles of erosion and deposition are interpreted. Placer deposits are generally buried and are mined with shafts and drifts.  Region not glaciated.  Heavy minerals are gold, cassiterite, platinum, scheelite, allanite, and native bismuth.  Largest deposit on Long Creek produced nearly half of the district gold through 1993. Bedrock consists of quartz veins in schist in or near granite. District also contains minor placer Sn deposits.  Gold in district probably derived from polymetallic vein and skarn deposits associated with Cretaceous hypabyssal granitic plutons.  Local bedrock consists of limestone, schist, volcanic rocks, and granitic plutons. 

Q06-01	Chandalar	Placer Au	Au, Sb, Ag, W		67 50 00N	148 00 00W	67.8333333333333	-148	67¿50'N	148¿00'W	Production of 1,460 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1905-1995.  		Production of 1,460 kg Au.			1905-1995	Q	06	01	Mertie, 1925; Cobb, 1973; Dillon, 1982; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains complicated placer deposits that formed during a complicated glacial history.  Two generations of placer deposits occur on Little Squaw Creek, one preglacial, one postglacial.  Placers occur in streams draining Au quartz vein deposits.  Heavy minerals are gold, monazite, magnetite, hematite, rutile, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, stibnite, molybdenite, scheelite, and uranothorianite.  Largest deposits are at Little Squaw and Tobin Creeks.  A small placer deposit occurs on Hodzana River, south of the Chandalar Lake.  Deposits are both preglacial and postglacial.  Significant production.  Local Au quartz veins occur in schist.  Placers occur downstream from Au quartz vein deposits that occur near the head of Little Squaw Creek drainage.  Local bedrock consists of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks.

Q06-02	Tolovana	Placer Au	Au, Sn, Cu, Pb, Hg, W, Cr, Sb, REE, Bi, PGE		65 30 00N	148 10 00W	65.5	-148.166666666667	65¿30'N	148¿10'W	Production of 15,439 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1915-1995.  Grade: 1.22 g/m3, Livengood Creek.  Fineness: 897-905	1.22 g/m3, Livengood Creek	Production of 15,439 kg Au.	897-905		1915-1995	Q	06	02	Foster, 1966, 1969; Mertie, 1937b; Cobb, 1973; Eakins, 1981.	District contains auriferous stream and bench placers.  Mature erosion surface largely buried by later sediments.  Steam capture common.  Rich, buried bedrock benches are not completely exhumed.  District is a recently discovered placer district in Alaska.  Heavy minerals are gold, magnetite, PGE, hematite, ilmenite, limonite, chromite, spinel, cinnabar, stibnite, scheelite, cassiterite, monazite, and REE minerals.  Gold in Livengood Creek and around Amy Dome has narrow fineness range of 897 to 905.  Largest deposit occurs at Livengood in Tertiary bench level and may contain 30 million m3 grading 1.44 g/m3 Au.  Gold possibly derived from polymetallic vein deposits associated with Cretaceous granitic plutons.  Local bedrock is schist, Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, and granitic plutons.

Q06-03	Circle	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Sn, Sb, W, Pb, REE, Mo, Hg		65 30 00N	144 45 00W	65.5	-144.75	65¿30'N	144¿45'W	Production of 31,959 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1893-1995.  Fineness: 720-920		Production of 31,959 kg Au.	720-920		1893-1995	Q	06	03	Prindle, 1913; Mertie, 1938; Heiner and Wolff, 1968; Cobb, 1973; Yeend, 1982, 1987, 1991; Menzie and others, 1983; Lasley, 1985; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Gold occurs in alluvial and colluvial deposits (2 to 5 m thick), frequently overlain by 1 to 2 m of muck.  Non-glaciated, broad upland of nearly accordant ridge crests.  Large gold resource may occur in lower reaches of Crooked and Birch Creeks, and in the topographic trough south of Crazy Mountains.  Larger deposits are at Mammoth Creek, Deadwood Creek, Eagle Creek, and Coal Creek. 



Mammoth Creek contains an estimated 4.0 million m3 grading 1.9 g/m3 Au, 0.45 g/m3 Ag. Estimated production of up to 4.7 million g Au through 1926. Mining by hydraulic and dredge methods. Local quartz veins occur in bedrock. Deadwood Creek contains an estimated 1.44 million m3 grading 2.3 g/m3 Au and 0.49 g/m3 Ag. Estimated total production of over 93.3 million g Au. Mined by dredge and hydraulic methods. 



Coal Creek contains an estimated 810,000 m3 grading 0.38 g/m3 Au, 0.041 g/m3 Ag. Estimated 311,000 g Au produced. Dredge mining. 



Eagle Creek contains an estimated 760,000 m3 grading 1.2 g/m3 Au, 0.16 g/m3 Ag. About 0.9 million Au g produced through 1906; recent production in 1985. 



Gold in district probably derived from Cretaceous or early Tertiary Au-bearing quartz vein, polymetallic vein, skarn, porphyry lode, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in region in mid Paleozoic or older metamorphic rocks of Yukon-Tanana terrane, with recycling through Tertiary conglomerates.  Fineness varies widely, depending on drainage system; ranging from 720 to 920.  Alluvial diamonds found in placer concentrates during the 1980's.  Local bedrock consists of middle Paleozoic or older metasedimentary rocks of Yukon-Tanana terrane, and Cretaceous granitic plutons.

Q06-04	Fairbanks	Placer Au	Au, Sb, W, Sn, Ag , Bi		64 55 00N	146 30 00W	64.9166666666667	-146.5	64¿55'N	146¿30'W	Production of 249, 498 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1902-1995.  Fineness: 830-900, average 875		Production of 249, 498 kg Au.	830-900, average 875		1902-1995	Q	06	04	Smith, 1913a; Prindle and Katz, 1913; Mertie, 1918; Heiner and Wolff, 1968; Cobb, 1973; Light and others, 1987; Metz, 1987, 1991; Metz and Hamil, 1986; T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	Placer deposits occur in streams that radially drain three mineralized areas in Fairbanks District, Ester Dome, Cleary-Pedro Dome, and Gilmore Dome.  Nearly all placers consist of buried streams that were ancestral to Cleary, Goldstream, Fairbanks, Engineer, Dome, Eldorado, Treasure, Little Eldorado, Ester, Cripple, Gilmore, and Smallwood drainage basins.  Largest placer deposits in Cleary, Fairbanks, Goldstream and Cripple Creek drainages.  Deposits are buried by thick sections of frozen loess and mud.  Recent stratigraphic and radiometric age studies suggest that most bench deposits in district are Pliocene.  Over 30 heavy minerals are identified and include stibnite, scheelite, bismuthinite, native bismuth, and galena. Stibnite and scheelite have been commercially recovered from placers.  Early drift mining produced about 55% of gold production of 133 million grams.  About 40% of production or 96.1 million grams was recovered from nine-bucket line stacker dredges that operated from 1920 to 1964.  The remaining 5% of production was from large open cut mines, mainly from 1975 to the present.  The Goldstream Creek pay streak is over 1 km wide and 13 km long, and produced 62 million grams from dredge and drift mining methods.  On the richest Cleary Creek, drift mining recovered 2.9 million m3 grading 14 g/m3 or 35.1 million grams from 1903 to 1920.  Placer gold derived from:  (1) several hundred mineralized veins in Ester Dome and in the Cleary Hill-Pedro Dome area;  (2)  Au skarns in the Gilmore Dome area; and  (3) polymetallic veins associated with Cretaceous plutons at Melba Creek, and Pedro, Gilmore, and  Ester Domes.

Q06-05	Richardson	Placer Au-Ag	Au, Ag	Hg, Sn	64 30 00N	145 10 00W	64.5	-145.166666666667	64¿30'N	145¿10'W	Production of 3,685 kg Au and 2,550 kg Ag..  Years of Production: 1905-1995.  Fineness: two types average 900 and 670		Production of 3,685 kg Au and 2,550 kg Ag.	two types average 900 and 670		1905-1995	Q	06	05	Reger and Bundtzen 1977, and T.K.Bundtzen, written commun., 1991; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District contains modern stream, bench, and classic residual auriferous placers that occur downslope or downstream lode deposits that occur along or near Richardson lineament.  Granite porphyries with gold and gold-silver sulfosalts occur at Mitchell Lode and are probably the source of gold placers in Democrat Creek.  Gold in Tenderfoot Creek, the district's largest producer, is derived from a similar granite porphyry sill that intruded along Richardson lineament.  Deposit of gold-silver alloy mined on Hinkley Bench is residual accumulation above hydrothermally altered schist and granite porphyry sill.  Placer gold consists of of two types:  (1) high-fineness gold averaging 900 fine; and (2) low-fineness electrum averaging 670 fine and frequently alloyed with native silver.  Latter type predominates.  Heavy minerals are diverse and include cinnabar, cassiterite, wolframite, silver sulfosalts, and radioactive monazite.  Placers are deeply buried by 10 to 45 m of wind-blown and reworked loess.  Early placer developments (pre-WWI) were drifts that frequently encountered artesian waters.  At least two pay streaks are identified in Tenderfoot Creek, including a false bedrock pay streak located 10 m above bedrock. 

Q07-01	Eagle	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Cr, Pt		65 00 00N	142 00 00W	65	-142	65¿00'N	142¿00'W	Production: of 1,617 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1895-1991.  Fineness: 844-880, average 871		Production: of 1,617 kg Au.	844-880, average 871		1895-1991	Q	07	01	Mertie, 1938; Cobb, 1973.	Gold in district partly recycled through Cretaceous and Tertiary conglomerates.  Heavy minerals are gold, platinum, cinnabar, cassiterite, chromite, and native silver. Most of area not glaciated.  Gold in district probably derived from combination of Au quartz veins, polymetallic veins, skarns, and porphyry Cu deposits that are associated with Cretaceous or Tertiary plutons that intrude middle Paleozoic or older metamorphic rocks of Yukon-Tanana terrane.  Local bedrock consists mainly of metasedimentary and volcanic rocks, and Cretaceous granitic plutons.

Q07-02	Fortymile	Placer Au	Au, REE, Pb, Sn, W, Hg		64 20 00N	142 00 00W	64.3333333333333	-142	64¿20'N	142¿00'W	Production of 16,631 kg Au..  Years of Production: 1886-1995.  Fineness: 620-890		Production of 16,631 kg Au.	620-890		1886-1995	Q	07	02	Mertie, 1938, Cobb, 1973; Bundtzen and others, 1996.	District mostly contains stream and bench placer deposits.  Most of area not glaciated.  Loess mantles much of area.  A 1.71 kg nugget was recovered from Jack Wade Creek deposit.  Gold fineness ranges widely between drainages. Highest fineness is in Walker Fork and lowest fineness is in South Fork of Fortymile River.  Lode source probably polymetallic quartz-pyrite veins.  Mining by hydraulic, drift, dredge, and open cut methods.  Gold derived from a combination of Au quartz and polymetallic veins that occur in metamorphic rocks near contacts with Cretaceous or early Tertiary felsic plutons that intrude middle Paleozoic or older metamorphic rocks of Yukon-Tanana terrane.  Local bedrock consists of mainly metasedimentary rocks, Cretaceous granitic plutons, ultramafic and mafic plutonic rocks, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks.

Q52-01	Verkhoyan	Placer Au	Au		65 53 47N	129 45 11E	65.8963888888889	129.753055555556	65¿54'N	129¿45'E	Grade: Up to 15 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 703-766	Up to 15 g/m3 Au		703-766			Q	52	01	Trushkov, 1971; Ivensen and others, 1975; Yu.A. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985.	District contains several small valley and ravine placers.  Deposits range up to 4 km long and 50 m wide.  Bench placers also occur.  Placer deposits are buried by 1-3 m of alluvium.  Gold-bearing beds are less than 2 m thick.  Gold occurs irregularly in radial and ore pocket forms.  Erosion-caused truncation is minor and does not indicate a wider occurrence of placer deposits.  The Chochimbal Creek placer deposit is typical of deposits in this district.



Chochimbal deposit occurs as a valley placer that is located in the upper reaches of Chochimbal Creek.  The deposit is about 4 km long and 10-50 m wide.  Average depth of overburden is about 2 m.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.6-3.6 m thick, averagely 1.71 m.  Gold grade ranges up to 15 g/m3.  Near bedrock, gold particles are very large (up to 10.1 mm) and gold nuggets range up to 150 g  and constitute 39% of the gold. Bedrock sources are small Au quartz veins and, probable Au polymetallic veins.  The deposit is exhausted.

Q53-01	Verkhne-Yansky	Placer Sn	Sn		67 23 09N	134 11 17E	67.3858333333333	134.188055555556	67¿23'N	134¿11'E	Grade: Up to 1,169 g/m3 cassiterite.  	Up to 1,169 g/m3 cassiterite					Q	53	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains about 60 cassiterite placer occurrences that form groups of three to ten placer deposits; each group is closely related to their bedrock sources.  Main types are eluvial-slope and ravine placer deposits that range up to some kilometers long and about 100 meters wide.  Thickness of the payable bed ranges up to 15-20 m and sometimes larger.  Cassiterite is generally fine- to sometimes coarse-grained. Buried placers also occur. A major deposit occurs at Kerbeng Creek.



Kerbeng Creek deposit consists of three cassiterite-bearing beds from 4-15 m thick.  The paystreak is 100-620 m wide and occurs under 1.7-24 m of overburden.  Grades are 330-2,000 g/m3 cassiteriete and 45-81 g/m3 wolframite.  Bedrock sources are Sn quartz veins and stockworks of the Kuturuk mountain.

Q53-02	Adychan	Placer Au	Au		66 42 02N	137 28 59E	66.7005555555556	137.483055555556	66¿42'N	137¿29'E	Grade: 0.2-34.4 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 475-960	0.2-34.4 g/m3 Au		475-960			Q	53	02	Rozhkov and others, 1964; Trushkov, 1971; Yu.A. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985.	District contains more than 60 placer deposits that are mostly small and non-commercial.  Deposits include buried placers in neotectonic depressions (as at Nadezhnoe), and high terrace and valley placers.  Deposits in depressions are  Miocene to Pliocene.  Modern deposits occur on spits.  Placer deposits range from 700 to 12,700 m long and 5 to 1,000 m wide.  Overburden of glacial drift ranges from 0.4 to 70 m thick and gold-bearing layers are 0.2 to 7 m thick.  Gold-bearing gravels in each district occurs as deiscrete paystreaks of two morphologies, highly elongate and sub-equant.  Gold sometimes occurs in rich pockets.  Gold particles range in size, and nuggets up to 580 g occur.  Associated minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite, and cerolite.  Twenty percent of placers are already mined, and some are currently being worked.  Lode sources are Au quartz veins and mineralized shear zones and, less commonly, gold-REE deposits related to granitoids.  Major deposits are at  Adychanskoe, Adycha, Nadezhnoe, and Lazo.



Adychanskoe deposit occurs on the Adycha River terrace 75-100 m above river level.  Deposit is 12.4 km long and up to 1 km wide.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.3-1.9 m thick.  Au grade is 0.72-11.82 g/m3.  Gold particles differ in size and roundness.  Gold forms intergrowths with quartz, chlorite, and galena.  Gold fineness is 832-844.



Adycha deposit occurs on a large spit in the Adycha River. Deposit is about 2 km long, and the gold-bearing bed is 0.4-2 m thick.  Au grade is 0.01-30 g/m3.  Gold particles are well-rounded, 2-5 mm in size; gold fineness is 740-810.  Gold distribution is irregular, radial, locally in ore pockets.



Nadezhnoe deposit is about 3 km long and occurs within a graben.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.6-3.6 m thick and occurs below 70 m of overburden.  Gold grade is 2.62-34.4 g/m3.  Gold particles average 1-6 mm, gold fineness is 640-880.  Associated minerals are cassiterite, scheelite, wolframite, magnetite, ilmenite, and arsenopyrite.  Bedrock sources are  Au quartz and gold-REE  veins and zones, including the Delyuvialnoe deposit.



Lazo deposit is a typical valley placer deposit.  It is 6 km long and displays a narrow radial distribution of mineralization.  The gold-bearing bed is 1.33 m thick and burried 0.2-1.3 m deep.  The commercial part of the deposit is 2-6 m wide.  Gold particles are 2-12 mm in size, and gold nuggets up to 5.3 g have been found.  Bedrock source is the Lazo Au quartz vein deposit.

Q54-01	Verkhne-Indigirsky	Placer Au	Au		64 33 24N	142 49 34E	64.5566666666667	142.826111111111	64¿33'N	142¿50'E	Grade: 2.6-650 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 730-969	2.6-650 g/m3 Au		730-969			Q	54	01	Pepelyaev and others, 1964, B.V. Pepelyaev, written commun., 1964; Skryabin, 1964; Trushkov, 1971; Yu.A. Vladimirtseva, written commun. 1987; Oleinikov, 1992.	District contains more than 250 different and non-contemporaneous placer deposits. Most deposits are flood-plain and bench placers that occur in Holocene and interglacial deposits.  Three stages of placer formation occurred in the Oligocene-Miocene, Pliocene-Early Pleistocene, and Late Pleistocene-Holocene.  Highest-grade deposits are Pliocene-Early Pleistocene as atSana, Bazovy, Dirin-Yuryak, and Elgi.  These depositsoccur in intermontane depressions that formed along deep fault zones.  Placers occur on terraces 6 to 200 m above river level.  Most have 0.2-20 m of overburden, but some have up to 150 m.  Gold-bearing beds are 0.2-6.6 m thick and gold grades range up to 1 kg/m3 (as at Sana).  Gold nuggets up to 5 kg weight are found.  Commercial placers are mostly confined to Late Pleistocene and modern fluvial deposits.  These deposits have 10 m or less overburden, and are 0.5 to 15 km long, with gold-bearing beds that range1-6.8 m thick and gold fineness of 582-907.  Major deposits occur at Promezhutochny Creek, Tuora-Tas Creek, Khangalas Creek, and Kurun-Agalyk Creek.



Promezhutochny Creek consists of a buried placer deposit that occurs in Neogene-to-Early Pleistocene gravel.  The thickness of overlying alluvial, colluvial, and glacial deposits varies from 50 to 140 m, and averages 63 m.  Gold grade is 8.6 g/m3.  The gold-bearing bed is 3.28 km long and averages 62.8 m thick.  The majority of the gold (80%) is confined to the bedrock eluvium.  Large gold particles comprise less than 10%; fineness is 840-863%, average is 849.  Gold is associated with arsenopyrite, pyrite, anatase, and garnet.



Tuora-Tas Creek flood-plain gold placer is 10 km long and occurs in a broad valley with multiple well-formed terraces.  The gold-bearing bed is about 1.5 m thick, gold fineness is 798, and gold particles are about 4 mm in size.



Khangalas Creek deposit consists of flood-plain and bench placers that range up to 3 km long and 150 m thick.  Some individual paystreaks are 180-1,000 m long, 0.4-3 m thick, and have 0.4 to 6 m of overburden.  Gold fineness is 850.  Bedrock sources of  are gold-quartz veins of the Khangalas deposit.



Kurun-Agalyk valley placer is 5,500 m long and 20-150 m thick.  The gold-bearing bed is 0.2-3.6 m thick, with 2-3 m thick overburden.  Gold fineness is 856-891 and gold particles are 0.5-8 mm in size.

Q56-01	Shamanikho-Stolbov	Placer Au	Au		65 04 01N	152 57 10E	65.0669444444444	152.952777777778	65¿04'N	152¿57'E	Grade: 3-15 g/m3 Au at Glukhariny deposit.  Fineness: 820-960	3-15 g/m3 Au at Glukhariny deposit		820-960			Q	56	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains fifteen placer gold deposits that overlie Proterozoic metamorphic complexes.  Unlike placers in tectonically active zones, as those near Ucts-Omchug and in the Central Kolyma region, the placer deposits of the Shamanikho-Stolbov district occur in a deeply eroded, mature region with a passive recent tectonic history.  Principal placers range from Neogene to Lower Quaternary.  These deposits, including the Stolbovaya and Glukhariny deposits, occur in river valleys at depths of 15-70 m and have widths of up to 300 m.  Late Pliocene to Holocene placers are less important.  Gold grains are moderately rounded and have undergone secondary attenuation in the form of coatings of hydroxides of iron up to 2.2 mm thick.  Younger placers occur both in stream valley and terrace alluvium, where average gold grain size is about 1.3 mm.  Neotectonic block subsidence occurred in some valleys with formation of auriferous deposits up to 8 m thick.  Gold fineness ranges from 820 to 960.  Low-sulfide stockwork zones and rare quartz veins with gold contents of up to 20 g/t are interpreted as original lode sources of the placer deposits.  A major deposit occurs at Glukhariny.  



Glukhariny deposit formed in a complex alluvial environment and consists of of valley-thalweg deposits of Lower to Upper Pleistocene age, and karst placers of Pre-Quaternary age. Both types are been buried in the Glukhariny alluvial basin.  The karst type formed in Proterozoic limestone.  Deposit is characterized by extremely irregular, but rich accumulations of gold.  Thickness and width of auriferous gravels average 8 m and 220 m respectively.  Gold grains are moderate size (3-4 mm), poorly rounded, and contain coatings of hydroxides of iron.  Maximum concentrations of gold occurs where shaly deposits fill karst holes and depressions.  Younger portions of placer deposits within older thalwegs where unconsolidated river gravel ranges from 20 to 70 m thick and is up to 220 m wide.  Gold grains range in size from 0.25 mm to 2.2 mm. Gold fineness from 830 to 960.

Q57-01	Khetachan	Placer Au	Au		67 39 16N	160 39 24E	67.6544444444444	160.656666666667	67¿39'N	160¿39'E	Grade: 3-15 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 860	3-15 g/m3 Au		860			Q	57	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	At least 12 placer deposits in district occur discontinuously within a region transitional between the mountainous area of Kuryin Ridge and the Anyui lowland.  The most important placer deposits are at Dalniy, Topolevka, and Ruslan.  The placers are buried under a thick section (up to 40 m) of Upper Pleistocene rock debris and silty deposits of the Yedom Formation.  Placers occur in banded alluvial deposits that are confined to alluvium on or near bedrock.  Weathering into the sedimentary and granitoid bedrock ranges up to 3 m thick.  Auriferous zones range in thickness from 1 to 3.5 m.  Alluvial-talus placers also occur and are associated with weathering crusts; however, gold reserves are not significant.  Age of the majority of placers is pre-Upper Pleistocene, probably Lower Pleistocene.  Gold grains are small (averaging 0.97-1.53 mm); local gold grains average less than 0.5 mm in diameter. Interpreted source lode deposits are quartz-sulfide zones that arespatially associated with Cretaceous gabbro-syenite intrusions.  Most mineralized lode zones contain up to 7 g/t gold, but bonanza contents are also known.  These mineralized zones are interpreted as a porphyry Cu deposit.

Q57-02	Innakh	Placer Au	Au		67 16 15N	159 35 09E	67.2708333333333	159.585833333333	67¿16'N	159¿35'E	Grade: 2-8 g/m3 Au at Uzhasny deposit.  Fineness: 800-860	2-8 g/m3 Au at Uzhasny deposit		800-860			Q	57	02	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains about 20 placer deposits that occur in third-order stream drainages that are radially distributed around a massif composed of Cretaceous syenite and diorite.  Placer formation was influenced by high-angle and vertical fault movement.  Valley of Springs deposit occurs in tributaries of the Omolon River and is buried by 30 to 50 m of thick slope deposits.  Placer deposit age ranges from Upper Pleistocene to Holocene. Gold grains are typically small.  The original lode sources of the gold are deformed sulfide zones and sparse quartz-sulfide veins and stockwork zones that are associated with Cretaceous syenite-diorite.  A major deposit is at Uzhasny.



Uzhasny placer alluvium deposit occurs in third-order stream valleys about 7 km long formed in banded gravels to depths of 5-20 m.  Auriferous pay zones average 1.6 m thick.  Gold grains in lower gravels average 0.73 mm in size, upper gravels average 1.3 mm in size.  

Q57-03	Visualnin	Placer Au, Ag	Au, Ag		65 25 51N	157 24 23E	65.4308333333333	157.406388888889	65¿26'N	157¿24'E	Grade: 1-15 g/m3  Au, and up to 50 g/t Ag.  Fineness: 525-924	1-15 g/m3  Au, and up to 50 g/t Ag		525-924			Q	57	03	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 20 placer deposits that occur in the Omolon massif and include the Rassokha, Burgachan, and Bulun deposits.  Deposits are confined to second- to third-order stream valleys.  Placer deposits range from Upper Pleistocene to Holocene and consist of shallow alluvial gravels that range from 3 to 8 m thick.  Auriferous zones are 0.6 to 2.2 m thick and include gold within altered bedrock.  Gold grains are small to very small in size, averaging 0.97 mm.  Small native silver nuggets occur in some of the placer deposits.  The original lode sources are silica-sulfide zones that occur in brecciated rocks, and low-sulfide Au quartz and quartz-carbonate veins. Gold ranges up to a maximum of 15 g/t.

Q58-01	Aliskerov	Placer Au	Au		67 45 14N	167 50 50E	67.7538888888889	167.847222222222	67¿45'N	167¿51'E	Grade: District average:  0.5-11 g/m3 Au, Egilkynveem:  0.87 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 812-845	District average:  0.5-11 g/m3 Au, Egilkynveem:  0.87 g/m3 Au		812-845			Q	58	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District is analogous the Keperveem district, but contains a smaller number of placer deposits (about 25) with lower gold concentrations.  The largest placers are confined to forth-order stream valleys.  Placers are shallow with overburden averaging 8.2 m thick. Gold grains are small and tabular.  Nuggets are very rare.  Deposit is zoned with regard to gold fineness and grain size.  Quartz veins containing up to 3 to 25 g/t gold, and shear zones with 1.5 g/t gold are interpreted as lode sources.  A sample deposit is at Egilkynveem.  



Egilkynveem deposit is confined to a fourth-order stream valley and can be traced for more than 8 km.  The deposit is narrow, with maximum widths of 20 m and depths of 5-6 m.  Gold fineness ranges from 812 to 820.  Deposits was exhausted by hydraulic mining.

Q58-02	Stadukhin	Placer Au	Au		66 58 14N	166 44 06E	66.9705555555556	166.735	66¿58'N	166¿44'E	Grade: 2-10 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 822-907	2-10 g/m3 Au		822-907			Q	58	02	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	Placer Au deposits occupy a large area.  Commerical exploitation focussed in the Yarakvaam area where at least 12 placer deposits have been worked. Holocene alluvial placers are dominant.  Late Pleistocene alluvial terraces of sediment buried 25-30 m deep also occur.  Gold-bearing stream channels that occur in hanging tributaries are exposed in valley walls by erosion by large trunk glaciers.  The largest placer deposit occurs in the flood plain of the Karalveem River, and on two sets of alluvial terraces at 10-15 m and 25 m above the valley floor.  Placer deposits in the Khrabtovy River drainage occur along an extinct ancestral drainage system and are concentrated on granitoid bedrock.  Gold grain size ranges from 0.7 to 2.2 mm.  Lode sources are low-sulfide Au quartz veins and silicified zones up to 1 m thick and containing up to 20 g/t Au.

Q58-03	Bayimka	Placer Au	Au, Ag, Cu, Pt		66 13 08N	164 35 45E	66.2188888888889	164.595833333333	66¿13'N	164¿36'E	Grade: 1-12 g/m3 Au (district average).  Fineness: 673-934, average 824	1-12 g/m3 Au (district average)		673-934, average 824			Q	58	03	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains at least 40 placer gold deposits that occur discontinuously in a north-northwest trending belt that is 150 km long.  Valley alluvial placers occur in first-to-third order stream drainages.  Gold-bearing alluvial terraces and alluvial talus 10-25 m occur above the valley, are Upper Pleistocene in age, and are poorly preserved.  Most of the deposits are interpreted as Holocene.  Gold grains are generally small. Ferruginous coatings on grains are common.  Lode sources are interpreted as zones of Au-Ag sulfides that are  associated with a porphyry Cu stockwork.  Lode deposits contain between 0.26 and 20 g/t Au. Main placer deposits are exhausted.  A sample deposit is at Krivoy.  



The Krivoy placer deposit occurs in talus and alluvium in a small, steep stream with an asymmetrical profile.  The deposit is one of the largest placers in the Bayimski District.  Gold-bearing talus deposits occur as far upstream as the river head; but deposits near the river mouth contain the most concentrated resources and are the most extensively developed.  Auriferous placers range up to 150 m wide.  Greenish-yellow gold with fineness values averaging 720 prevails.  Au-Ag quartz-carbonate veins and sulfide zones are the principal lode sources.

Q59-01	Chaanay	Placer Au	Au		67 58 00N	170 06 20E	67.9666666666667	170.105555555556	67¿58'N	170¿06'E	Grade: 5-6 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 900-960	5-6 g/m3 Au		900-960			Q	59	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District occurs in the Chaun lowland in an old, ancestral river drainage system that is not expressed in modern drainage patterns. The main placer deposits are part of the buried Oligocene-Miocene age Chaanay River valley, and are among the oldest placer systems known in the Russian Northeast.  Placers are multiply stacked, alluvial, and extend for a length of 11 km.  Two buried alluvial terraces at the 15-20 m and 30-40 m levels, relative to the thalweg, are identified.  Gold-bearing placers occur below sea level, average 30-40 m in thickness, and are buried under unconsolidated deposits ranging from 50 to 120 m thick.  Separate pay channels range from 30-200 m wide, contain localized bonanza zones, and exhibit a variable gravel thickness ranging from 0.6 to 6.4 m.  Gold grain size ranges from 0.4 to 1.6 mm.  Gold grains are coated with Fe hydroxides.  Heavy minerals are cinnabar and cassiterite.  Placer deposits are partly exhausted.  Lode sources are not identified.

Q59-02	Omrelkai	Placer Sn	Sn		67 57 40N	170 40 32E	67.9611111111111	170.675555555556	67¿58'N	170¿41'E	Grade: 600-1700 g/m3 cassiterite.  	600-1700 g/m3 cassiterite					Q	59	02	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains seven placer Sn deposits that occur in a transitional zone between the Chukotka upland and the Chaun plain in an area of low-mountain relief.  The placer deposits occur in first- to fourth-order stream valleys (as at Oleniy, Ptichiy) and sixth-order stream valleys (as at Lenyuveem).  Pay zones of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene age range up to 2 km long and are generally simple single-layered deposits.  Deeply-buried (40 m and deeper) placers of Lower- to Upper-Pleistocene age are between 2 and 5.5 m thick, contain 600 to 1700 g/m3 cassiterite, and are deep placers that occur in gravel deposits.  Small eluvial-talus placers are associated with stockworks in the Ptichiy deposits. Source lode deposit composed of cassiterite and quartz.

Q59-03	Otrozhen	Placer Au	Au		65 01 53N	172 29 53E	65.0313888888889	172.498055555556	65¿02'N	172¿30'E	No data.  Fineness: 830-975		No data	830-975			Q	59	03	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 18 deposits fof Late Tertiary to Holocene age and are characterized by a complex geomorphology.  Gold occurs in crevices up to 1.7 m in bedrock.  Main part of associated drainage system was formed in Late Tertiary; Quaternary valleys partly inherited the ancestral Tertiary channels.  All deposits are alluvium placers; majority occur  near the surface.  Thickness of gold-bearing stratum ranges from 0.4 to 5.2 m.  Gold is of small grain size (up to 3 mm).  Nuggets weighing up to 4 kg have been found.  Cinnabar and rare platinum are observed.  The majority of the placer deposits are exhausted.  Lode sources are Au quartz veins and zones with low gold content.  A sample deposit is at Otrozhnaya.  



The Otrozhnaya placer deposit is one of the largest in the Otrozhen District.  The lower part of the deposit occurs in the Udachnen hollow and was deposited on late Tertiary sediments.  Formation occurred mainly in the Middle Pleistocene to Holocene.  Deposit ranges up to 300 m wide and from 0.8 to 2.2 m thick.  Productive stratum is confined to the lower part of alluvial deposits.  Average size of gold particles is 4.3 mm, and roundness is poor.  Gold is distributed in elongate streaks.  Placer gold content is highly variable from trace amounts to 20 g/m3.

Q60-01	Zolotogorsk	Placer Au	Au		64 58 16N	178 47 43E	64.9711111111111	178.795277777778	64¿58'N	178¿48'E	Grade: 5-7 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 850-860	5-7 g/m3 Au		850-860			Q	60	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	Placer gold discovered at Zolotoy Ridge in 1906.  This small district contains 8 placer deposits that formed from the Early Pleistocene to Holocene. Valley-alluvial placers are predominante and occur mainly on an igneous bedrock.  Placer paystreaks reach a maximum length of 160 m.  Placer deposits are buried to depths of 20 m.  Thickness of gold-bearing stratum ranges from 0.6 to 1.5 m; rarely to 2.7 m.  Gold particle size ranges from 0.9 to 2.1 mm.  Gold fineness is 837.  The Pravaya Kolbi placer deposit of Early Pleistocene age is buried to depths of 32 m. Small gold placer deposits occur along the shoreline of Anadyr Bay in modern marine sediments.  Lode sources are Au quartz veins and zones, and Au-bearing dikes.

R01-01	Iultin	Placer Sn, W	Sn, W, (Au)		68 01 39N	178 55 21W	68.0275	-178.9225	68¿02'N	178¿55'W	Grade: 200-650 g/m3 cassiterite.  	200-650 g/m3 cassiterite					R	01	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 27 placer deposits that are occur near the Iultin tin-tungsten lode deposit. District is in moderate relief area that has been modified by glaciation. Placers consist of alluvial, valley-fill, deeply-buried, and complex types. Latter occur at Iultinskaya, Granitny, and Lenotan.  Wolframite and rare gold are commercial.  Placer deposits are concentrated in second- to fourth-order streams and formed from Early Pleistocene to Holocene.  Upper Pleistocene to Holocene talus-alluvial placers are poorly developed.  Placers exhibit variable thickness. Thickness of pay gravels ranges from 1.5 to 10 m.  Associated Sn lode deposits occur at Iultin, Svetloye, Solnechnoye, and Severnoye.

R53-01	Kular	Placer Au	Au		70 20 02N	134 16 35E	70.3338888888889	134.276388888889	70¿20'N	134¿17'E	Grade: 0.5-26 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 391-962	0.5-26 g/m3 Au		391-962			R	53	01	Ivensen and others, 1975; Samusikov and Sergeenko, 1974; Arsky and others, 1963, Yu.M., written commun., 1963; Amuzinsky and others, 1988.	District contains several different placer deposit types, including:  buried Paleogene-Neogene placers which occur at the base of superimposed depressions, and small ravine placers which are Late Quaternary.  District contains about ten known placer deposits of variable length and width.  Gold-bearing beds covered by up to 150 m of overburden.  Gold particles are small in size (0.1-3.5 mm) and average 0.8-1 mm.  Flattened gold particles predominate. Gold-bearing gravels form elongate zones.  Valleys are up to 1,200 m wide and contain paystreaks are up to 100 m wide.  Equant and elongate weathering crusts up to 30-50 m thick are wide-spread.  Most of the placers were formed by water-reworking of weathered crust material during the early Oligocene.  The bedrock sources of the placer deposits are Au quartz veins and zones, and Au-REE  and Au-Hg deposits.  Major deposits are at Kara-Onkuchak and Burguat.



Kara-Onkuchak placer occurs in an ancient buried valley, consists of a gold-bearing bed up to 10-20 m thick, and is formed in an Lower Oligocene alluvial gravel with quartz pebbles (50%) cemented with light-grey sandy clay.  Overburden is about 100 m thick.  Average size of gold particles is 0.5-1 mm and fineness 795-815.



Burguat bench placer deposit of Early Pleistocene  age occurs on an aggradation-denudation terrace that is 15-20 m above river level.  Pay gravels consist of quartz pebbles (20%) and clastic rocks of the Vekhoyan Formation. Gravels are cemented with argillaceous sand.  Pay gravels are underlain by a weathing crust in the middle section of the river and by Miocene gravel in the lower reaches of the river.  Some gold-bearing layers occur in the thalwegs of buried ancient valleys. Gold-bearing gravel beds range up to 10-15 m thick.  Average size of gold particles ranges from 0.88 to 1.44 mm.  Gold fineness is 680-886, with the maximum in the middle portion of the deposit.

R54-01	Polousnensky	Placer Sn	Sn		69 41 50N	140 21 57E	69.6972222222222	140.365833333333	69¿42'N	140¿22'E	Grade: Up to hundreds g/m3 cassiterite .  	Up to hundreds g/m3 cassiterite 					R	54	01	Epov and Sonin, 1964; O.G. Epov and G.S. Sonin, written commun., 1964; Trushkov, 1964, 1971.	District contains several tens of cassiterite-bearing zones. The Deputatskaya and Omchikandinskaya placer deposits are most important.  Placers in this district are located near granite intrusions and are closely related to bedrock sources. Close bedrock-placer proximity is characteristic of the district.  The Sn placers are mostly alluvial; more rarely are eluvial-diluvial.  The most important Sn placers are associated with lode stockworks.  The amount of cassiterite is variable, and may exist in association with wolframite and sometimes with bismuth nuggets.  Cassiterite is coarse, 40-50% is larger than 7 mm.  Boulders of cassiterite occur.  Example deposits are at Deputatsky Creek and Omchikandya Creek.  



Deputatsky Creek placer deposit occurs in a broad valley with multiple well-formed terraces.  Overburden ranges from 3-4 m to 8 m thick.  Distribution of cassiterite is rather regular.  Within the mineralized layer, finer-grained cassiterite occurs in the upper portion, and coaster-grained cassiterite in the lower parts.  The bedrock source is the Polousnensky lode deposit.



Omchikandya Creek placer deposit occurs in a broad valley with multiple well-formed terraces.  Deposit forms a continuous wide band that completely fills the valley.  The deposit is more than 3 km long and is either not overlain, or is overlain by a few meters of overburden. The pay zone is 20-30 m thick.  Minerals are cassiterite (larger than 7 mm fraction of 40-50%) and wolframite. Cassiterite to wolframite ratio of 2:1 to 3:1.  Bismuth nuggets to 1 kg are common.  Lode source is the Polyarny deposit.

R54-02	Khatynnak-Sala	Placer Au	Au		68 16 42N	141 38 40E	68.2783333333333	141.644444444444	68¿17'N	141¿39'E	Grade: Up to 10-15 g/m3.  	Up to 10-15 g/m3					R	54	02	O.G. Epov and G.S. Sonin, written commun., 1964; Trushkov, 1971.	District contains several gold placer deposits that occur at several horizons.  The placers are not long.  Gold is fine and platy.  Placer gold occurs in gravel overlying Paleozoic limestone. One example is at Khatynnak-Sala Creek.



Khatynnak-Sala Creek placer deposit occurs in a broad creek valley that contains multiple, well-developed alluvial terraces. The alluvial placer is 7.5 km long and about 90 m wide.  The gold-bearing placer is 0.2-1.8 m thick. Gold has also accumulated in fissures and cavitites in the Paleozoic limestone bedrock to depths of 1 m.  The placer deposit is overlain by 5 to 8 m of overburden.  Gold is fine and platy and is often present in the form of intergrowths with quartz and calcite.  Gold occurs in association with zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite.

R58-01	Keperveem	Placer Au	Au, W, Sb		68 07 00N	165 59 39E	68.1166666666667	165.994166666667	68¿07'N	165¿60'E	Grade: 3-15 g/m3 Au (Karalveem deposit).  Fineness: 800-950; average of 900	3-15 g/m3 Au (Karalveem deposit)		800-950; average of 900			R	58	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains at least 50 placer deposits that are largely confined to Upper Pleistocene to Holocene, forth-order stream valleys.  Adjacent auriferous terrace alluvium contains subordinate gold.  Auriferous zones 0.8 to 3.3 m thick are buried by 14 m of overburden.  Placers are commonly contain two gold-bearing layers.  Glacio-fluvial placers occur in the Enmyveem River basin that is glaciated.  Placers are buried under Upper Pleistocene glacial deposits amd occur at a depth of more than 90 m.  Fineness decreases at the flanks of the district.  Au quartz veins in Triassic gabbro-diabase and sedimentary rocks, and rare Au quartz zones, that contain 3-40 g/m3 gold, are interpreted as the lode source. An example deposit is at Karalveem.  



 Karalveem deposit comprises a continuous placer that is 10 km long in the Karalveem River valley. The placer extends downstream from the mouth of the Byezymanny River and occurs in a forth-order drainage system.  The placer is composed of auriferous sandy-pebble deposits that are Upper Pleistocene to Holocene.  Bedrock surface underneath the placer deposits is relatively even, and bedrock is composed of sandstone, shale, and diabase.  Multiple pay layers occur, with auriferous zones ranging up to 5 m where layers join.  Gold is commonly coarse (averaging 2-6 mm) and nuggets weighing more than 1 kilogram are found.  Average gold grains range from 2 to 6 mm.  Deposit has a maximum width of 300 m.  Gold increases  where the valley narrows.  Heavy minerals are galena, ilmenite, and scheelite.   Lode source is the Cretaceous age Karalveem Au quartz vein  lode that contains up to 40 g/t gold.

R59-01	Northern	Placer Sn	Sn		69 52 12N	171 35 25E	69.87	171.590277777778	69¿52'N	171¿35'E	Grade: 200-600 g/m3 cassiterite.  	200-600 g/m3 cassiterite					R	59	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 55 placer deposits and occurs in the northern part of the Chaun Mesozoic fold belt in a region of moderate relief.  Most placers are near-surface alluvial deposits that occur in first- to third-order stream valleys. The placers form single-stratum concentrations of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene age.  Multiple pay layers are rare.  Cassiterite placers extend for 11 km, average 0.6 to 1.2 m thick, contain 200-600 g/m3 cassiterite, and locally contain up to 1500 g/m3 cassiterite.  Eluvial-talus placer deposits occur near the Terrace and Olovyanny Sn lode deposits.  Placers are mainly monomineralic, but small admixtures of gold, wolframite, and scheelite occur.  Most placer deposits in the Northern District are now exhausted. Cassiterite grains are small (1-2 mm, rarely 5-8 mm).  Lode sources are Sn silicate stockworks, zones, dikes, and rare veins. Sn lode deposits contain from 0.5 to 1.0% Sn.

R59-02	Perkakay	Placer Sn (Au, W)	Sn, (Au, W)		69 29 23N	171 58 07E	69.4897222222222	171.968611111111	69¿29'N	171¿58'E	Grade: 200-800 g/m3 cassiterite.  	200-800 g/m3 cassiterite					R	59	02	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District occurs in the central part of the Chukotka Mesozoic fold belt in an area of moderate relief.  More than 23 placer deposits are closely associated with the lode sources, and occur in second- to fifth-order stream drainages.  Placers are of Miocene to Holocene age. Pre-Quaternary placers formed in areas with extensive chemically-weathered crusts up to 10 m thick.  Late Pleistocene to Holocene placers are alluvial, valley-fill, and eluvial-talus types.  Valley placers are 5 km long and contain gravel ranging in thickness from 2 to 3.6 m.  Placers contain both single and multiple pay layers.  Cassiterite content of placers is 200 to 800 g/m3; wolframite, gold, topaz, garnet, and sulfides also occur.  Gold and tungsten grades are not high, but are recovered as by-products.  Lode sources are Au quartz-sulfide veins, stockworks, and shear zones that contain cassiterite and sulfides.  Cassiterite in lode deposits is fine-grained (0.1 mm) with a few large crystals ranging up to 1-2 cm.

R59-03	Ichuveem	Placer Au, Sn	Au, Sn, W		69 08 02N	172 52 30E	69.1338888888889	172.875	69¿08'N	172¿53'E	Grade: 2-15 g/m3 Au (M. Ichuveem deposit).  Fineness: 850-900	2-15 g/m3 Au (M. Ichuveem deposit)		850-900			R	59	03	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains at least 30 placer deposits that occur in valley bottoms of second- to sixth-order streams. Placers are mainly Holocene age.  Upper Pleistocene placers occur in the terrace alluvium at 10-12 m elevations, and are rarely higher.  Thickness of pay zones ranges from 1.4 to 2.0 m; width of terrace alluvial placers ranges up to 700 m.  Most gold grains average less than 2 mm in size; however, commonly nuggets range up to 2 kg.  Placer deposits along Promyezhutochny River differ from others in the district and are characterized by small grain size and low gold fineness.  Placer deposits along Mlelyuveem River contain up to 400 g/m3 Sn and locally more.  Low-sulfide Au quartz veins and rare shear zones and dikes of intermediate composition are interpreted as lode sources.  An example deposit is M. Ichuveem.  



M. Ichuveem placer Au deposit generally occurs in valley bottoms of forth- to sixth-order streams, and less commonly in terrace alluvium at levels of 7-8 m.  Thickness of gpay zones ranges from 1.2 to 3.2 m, rarely up to 5 m.  Overburden thickness ranges from 25 to 70 m.  Gold particles have a broad range of shapes, including scales, tables, and plates.  Gold grains ranges from 0.2 to 8 mm.  Average fineness of 822. Placers are mainly exhausted; with deep technogenic placers currently being exploited. 

R59-04	Rauchan	Placer Au	Au		68 32 01N	168 38 16E	68.5336111111111	168.637777777778	68¿32'N	168¿38'E	Grade: 3-7 g/m3 Au (Gremuchaya deposit).  Fineness: 874-896; rarely to 917	3-7 g/m3 Au (Gremuchaya deposit)		874-896; rarely to 917			R	59	04	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 20 placer gold deposits that occur in second- to fifth-order stream drainages. Deposits are mainly Late Pleistocene. Average thickness of pay zones is 1.4 m.  Gold grains are generally very small, but nuggets weighing several hundred grams have been recovered.  Gold is poorly to moderately rounded. Au quartz-carbonate veins and  sulfide shear zones are interpreted as lode sources that contain up to 5 or 6 g/t Au; rarely more.  An example deposit is at Gremuchaya.  



Gremuchaya placer deposit is more than 12 km long and occurs in an old thalweg at depths between 8 and 25 m.  Pay zones range from 2.7 to 5 m thick.  Gold ranges from 0.8 to 1.5 mm, with average fineness of 917.  Placer deposit is mostly exhausted. Lode sources are uartz-chlorite and quartz-carbonate veins with sulfides that contain up to 0.5 to 20 g/t Au.

R60-01	Pegtymel	Placer Sn	Sn		68 48 35N	174 59 41E	68.8097222222222	174.994722222222	68¿49'N	174¿60'E	Grade: 270-1000 g/m3 cassiterite.  	270-1000 g/m3 cassiterite					R	60	01	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains twelve placer deposits and is located along the boundary between Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Chukotka terrane and the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic-plutonic belt.  Placer deposits occur in first- to forth-order streams as buried alluvial thalwegs, with several pay zones that range up to 7 m thick and occur at depths of 3 to 40 m.  Minor amounts of gold occur in the placers. Cassiterite crystals range in size from 1 to 2 mm. The Lunnoye Sn quartz deposit is the source for the placer deposits. 

R60-02	Ryveem	Placer Au	Au, Ti, Agate		69 13 53N	178 24 45E	69.2313888888889	178.4125	69¿14'N	178¿25'E	Grade: 1-25 g/m3 Au (Lower River and Coastal Plain deposit).  Fineness: 700-866	1-25 g/m3 Au (Lower River and Coastal Plain deposit)		700-866			R	60	02	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 15 placer deposits that occur in valleys of first- to fifth-order streams and in the near-shore coastal plain of the Chukotsk Sea.  Most deposits are alluvial, but one is of strandline.  The age of most placers is lower to middle Pleistocene, with minor deposits of upper Pleistocene to Holocene age.  Most placers are covered by overburden ranging in from 8 to 50 m thick.  Coastal placers are the thickest and range up to 5 to 8 m thick.  Grains averages 2 mm in diameter.  Gold grains are commonly coated with greigite (Fe3S4) and iron hydroxides. Principal admixtures in gold bullion include silver, copper, and iron.  Ilmenite, scheelite, and other minerals also occur.  Low-sulfide Au quartz veins and silicified shear zones with up to 15 g/t Au are the lode sources.  The lodes occur in Paleozoic clastic deposits.  An example is the Lower River and Coastal Plain deposit.



Lower River and Coastal Plain placer deposit are of alluvial and coastal marine origin and occur in the lower part of Ryveem River valley and Valkarai lowlands.  Both types of deposit are interpreted as Pliocene to Pleistocene in age.  Exceptionally wide valley placers range from 4 to 7 km in width.  Rich bonanza-grade placers occur in zones of extensive weathering with increasing thickness of pay zones.  Multiple pay zones are common.  Pay zones in the lower parts of the river are usually less than 1 m thick.  Gold is localized in pods.  Gold grains are poorly rounded and average 2 mm in size.  Gold fineness ranges from 814 to 866.  Strandline placers occur subparallel to the coastal plain and consist of several parallel pay zones.  Gold concentrations occur along the contacts of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits.  Iron oxide coats gold particles.  Exploration in progress.

R60-03	Kuvet	Placer Au	Au		68 42 44N	178 19 04E	68.7122222222222	178.317777777778	68¿43'N	178¿19'E	Grade: 4-8 g/m3 Au.  Fineness: 865-895	4-8 g/m3 Au		865-895			R	60	03	P.O. Genkin and E.A. Sinuygina, written commun., 1973; M.E. Gorodinsky, written commun., 1991.	District contains more than 12 placer deposits that occur in the Kuvet River basin and at the head of the Kuekvunya River.  The more important placers occur along the Kuvet River and tributaries.  Placers occur as buried, valley, and alluvial types and are Upper Pleistocene.  Sediment overburden ranges from 20 to 100 m thick.  Pay zones range from 0.4 to 2.2 m thick, and are up to 200 m wide.  Gold occurs in individual, narrow paystreaks.  Distribution of gold is irregular, with some pay zones up to one km long.  Bonanza concentrations occur locally.  Gold is mainly well-rounded, ranging in size from 0.75 to 3.5 mm.  Small nuggets have been recovered. Placers are partly exhausted.  Low-sulfide Au quartz and quartz-carbonate veins and zones of silicification and brecciation are the lode sources.  Lode deposits contain 4 to 12 g/t Au.

S54-01	Chokurdak	Placer Sn	Sn		72 12 48N	140 05 09E	72.2133333333333	140.085833333333	72¿13'N	140¿05'E	Production of about 100 tonnes.  Grade: 100-2,000 g/m3Sn, locally up to 18.9 kg/m3 cassiterite.  	100-2,000 g/m3Sn, locally up to 18.9 kg/m3 cassiterite	Production of about 100 tonnes				S	54	01	D.S. Sorokov and D.A. Voitsekhovsky, written commun., 1961; Trushkov, 1964; Prokhorova and Ivanov, 1973.	The main placer deposits in district occur just offshore in ravines of small creeks.  The sea-beach placer is 1,700 m long and 10 to 110 m wide. Offshore extent of the deposit is unknown.  The tin-bearing bed is 1-2 m thick.  Cassiterite is fine-grained (0.25-2 mm)  and forms intergrowths with tourmaline and quartz.  Cassiterite is associated with arsenopyrite, pyrite, ilmenite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite.  Two ore-bearing horizons are known, an upper one that overlies both sea gravels, and a lower one that overlies false bedrock.  Lode source is the Chokurdak deposit.