By Gregory P. Adams, Donna Runkle, Alan Rea, and Joel R. Cederstrand
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-445
Prepared in cooperation with the
State of Oklahoma, Office of the Secretary of Environment
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1997
The data sets in this report include digitized aquifer boundaries, maps of hydraulic conductivity, recharge, and ground-water level elevation contours for the alluvial and terrace deposits along the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie in northwestern Oklahoma. Ground water in 1,305 square miles of Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits along the the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie is an important source of water for irrigation, industrial, municipal, stock, and domestic supplies. Alluvial and terrace deposits are composed of interfingering lenses of clay, sandy clay, and cross-bedded poorly sorted sand and gravel. The aquifer is composed of hydraulically connected alluvial and terrace deposits that unconformably overlie the Permian-age Formations (Adams and Bergman, 1996).
The aquifer boundaries and ground-water level elevation contours are shown on figure 8 and the hydraulic conductivity and recharge values are from pages 44 and 23 of the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4066, 1996, "Geohydrology of alluvium and terrace deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma," by Adams and Bergman. The boundaries of the aquifer were extracted from digital geologic data sets by Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d) based on a scale of 1:250,000. The water-level elevation contours were digitized from a map at a scale of 1:250,000. The maps were published at a scale of 1:900,000.
Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge are closely interrelated. As long as these two model inputs are in balance the model has a small mean residual; it represents the natural system numerically. If the hydraulic conductivity is accurately known, the model can be used to accurately determine recharge. Likewise, if the hydraulic conductivity is poorly known, then the recharge will be poorly determined. Therefore, values of hydraulic conductivity and recharge used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data.
In most aquifers, hydraulic conductivity measurements made in wells or in cores will range over several orders of magnitude, even over short horizontal and vertical distances. Hydraulic conductivity values derived from ground-water flow models represent areal generalizations and do not reflect the large local variance in well or core measurements. Recharge probably varies considerably over the local area, and model recharge is at best an average over an area at least as large as the model grid (and probably much larger than a single cell).
Compilation of the data sets was funded under a cooperative Joint Funding Agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State of Oklahoma, Office of the Secretary of Environment.
These data sets were created for a project to develop data sets to support ground-water vulnerability analysis. The objective was to create and document digital geospatial data sets from published reports or maps, or existing digital geospatial data sets that could be used in ground-water vulnerability analysis.
The data sets provided in this report are available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO export file formats. (See NOTES section.) Files, except those with ".GIF" or ".GZ" extensions, are ASCII format files.
The data sets stored in the generic, public-domain Digital Line Graph (DLG-3) Version 3, Optional format have file extensions of ".DLG". Designed for data interchange, the DLG-3 format allows the simple creation of a vector polygon or line data structure. The topological linkages are explicitly encoded for node, area, and line elements. The files are composed of 8-bit ASCII characters organized into fixed logical records of 80 bytes. A detailed description of the DLG-3 Optional format may be found in the data users guide 3, Digital Line Graphs from 1:2,000,000-scale maps (U.S. Geological Survey, 1990).
The ARC/INFO export files are ASCII files that utilize a proprietary format. The "NONE" compression option was used with the ARC/INFO EXPORT command. The ARC/INFO export files have file extensions of ".E00".
The data set files have ".GZ" extensions and were compressed for distribution. These files need to be uncompressed to access the digital data. The GUNZIP utility is an MS-DOS executable program that will uncompress the data files. To uncompress a file, type at the MS-DOS prompt:
GUNZIP -aN AQBOUND.GZ
This command will uncompress the file and restore its original name. For example: "AQBOUND.DLG" or "AQBOUND.E00"
A documentation file (known as metadata) is provided for each data set. The documentation files comply with the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1994). The FGDC-compliant metadata files contain detailed descriptions of the data sets, and include narrative sections that describe the procedures used to produce the data sets in digital form.
A graphic image also is provided in a Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) file. GIF files are easily displayed on a variety of computer systems that use readily available display software including Internet browser software. This image provides a simplified view of the data sets, and may be used for browsing purposes. The GIF file portrays significantly less spatial resolution and information content than the actual data sets.
No software is provided with these data sets. Users will need GIS software to use the data sets. The U.S. Geological Survey does not recommend or endorse any particular software package for use with these data sets. For some links to more information on GIS software and capabilities, see: The GIS FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), GIS Companies on the WWW, USGS GIS Information.
The Albers Equal Area map projection (Snyder, 1987) was chosen for the data sets. This projection is appropriate for maps of the conterminous United States because of the visual presentation and equal-area characteristics, which facilitates areal analysis. The projection is cast on the North American Datum of 1983. This projection slightly distorts shapes and distances (scale) in order to maintain equal-area properties. Scale is true along the standard parallels, which are to the north and south of Oklahoma. Scale distortion in Oklahoma reaches a maximum of slightly less than one percent at the northern border of the state. The following table provides map projection information.
| Projection parameters: | |
|---|---|
| Spheroid | GRS1980 |
| Datum | NAD83 |
| First standard parallel | 29 30 00 North |
| Second standard parallel | 45 30 00 North |
| Central meridian | 96 00 00 West |
| Latitude of projection origin | 23 00 00 North |
| Coordinate system parameters: | |
| False easting | 0 |
| False northing | 0 |
| Planimetric units of measure | meters |
Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
ARC/INFO software was used in the development of the data sets. The data sets were processed using the ARC/INFO Revision 7.0.3 software package, running on a Data General AViiON workstation. Further processing was done using ARC/INFO Revisions 7.0.4 and 7.1.1 on a SUN Enterpise 4000 running Solaris Version 2.5.1. File names in this document are enclosed in quotation marks and type set in upper case.
Adams, G.P., and Bergman, D.L., 1996, Geohydrology of alluvium and terrace deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4066, 57 p.
Cederstrand, J.R., 1996a, Digital geologic map of Clinton quadrangle, west-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-373, based on a scale of 1:250,000, 2 diskettes. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.)
Cederstrand, J.R., 1996b, Digital geologic map of Enid quadrangle, north-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-374, based on a scale 1:250,000, 4 diskettes. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.)
Cederstrand, J.R., 1996c, Digital geologic map of Oklahoma City quadrangle, central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-378, based on a scale of 1:250,000, 2 diskettes. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.)
Cederstrand, J.R., 1996d, Digital geologic map of Woodward quadrangle, northwest Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-381, based on a scale 1:250,000, 2 diskettes. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.)
Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1994, Content standards for digital geospatial metadata (June 8): Federal Geographic Data Committee, Washington, D.C., 78 p.
Snyder, J.P., 1987, Map projections--A working manual: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395, 383 p.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, Digital line graphs from 1:2,000,000-scale maps, data users guide 3: U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Program Technical Instruction, 70 p.
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