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Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study
During 1977, 1978, and 1979, the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) conducted a NURE pilot study of the Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan areas within the Bangor and Millinocket 1:250,000-scale quadrangles. Between October of 1977 and March of 1978, stream water and sediment samples were collected from 138 sites and ground water samples were collected from 352 sites within the Dover-Foxcroft area. Up to four sediment fractions were collected at each site. Recorded coordinates locate 44 of the stream water and sediment sites in the Bangor quadrangle and 94 sites in the Millinocket quadrangle. No coordinates were reported for the Dover-Foxcroft ground water sites. The Skowhegan area was sampled from August to September of 1979. Stream water and sediment samples were collected from 143 sites and ground water samples were collected from 155 sites. Eighty stream water and sediment sites and 60 ground water sites were located within the Millinocket quadrangle, and 63 stream water and sediment sites and 95 ground water sites were located within the Bangor quadrangle. All of the samples from both areas were analyzed by SRL and the data released in the Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report. No digital data release accompanied the report. Site data and SRL analytical data for 158 of the Skowhegan area water samples collected in the Bangor quadrangle were hand-entered into a digital spreadsheet and were included in the reformatting process discussed below.

SRL sent 285 water samples from the Skowhegan area (149 from the Bangor quadrangle) to the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP) for supplementary analysis of up to 31 additional elements. ORGDP released the data on microfiche in the Skowhegan Area Orientation Study GJBX-176(82) abbreviated report. A digital data release did accompany this report. The site coding information for this data set was summarized in the GJBX-164(82) report.

Maine
Subcontractors for the SRL collected at least 2,924 stream-sediment, 2,039 surface-water, and 1,938 ground-water samples from the southern half of Maine as part of the NURE Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program. Two different sampling protocols were used in Maine. Using the SRL Eastern protocol (SRL-E), 1,218 stream-sediment, 1,218 surface-water, and 636 ground-water samples were collected from Androscoggin, Cumberland, Franklin, Kennebec, Oxford, Somerset Counties in October and November of 1977. This area included portions of the Bangor, Bath, Lewiston, Millinocket, Portland, and Sherbrooke 1:250,000-scale quadrangles. Another 1,706 stream-sediment, 821 surface-water, and 1302 ground-water samples were collected by subcontractors using SRL Western protocols (SRL-W) between May and August of 1980 within the Bangor, Bath, and Eastport 1:250,000-scale quadrangles. These samples were sent to SRL for determinations of uranium and additional elements (16 in sediments and 9 in waters) by Neutron Activation Analysis. SRL was able to analyze 1,230 sediments and 3,977 waters from Maine. The analytical and site location data for all Maine samples were released in the New England Data Report [GJBX-107(82)]. Within the Bangor quadrangle: 187 stream-sediment, 187 surface-water, and 119 ground-water samples were collected by the SRL-E protocol; and 1,273 stream-sediment, 738 surface-water, and 1,109 ground-water samples were collected by the SRL-W protocol. SRL was able to analyze 187 sediment and 2,146 water samples from the Bangor quadrangle.

SRL sent the 1,218 SRL-E sediment samples from Maine to an unnamed contract laboratory for "Supplemental Analyses." Supplemental analytical determinations for up to 23 elements were reported for 1,214 of these samples in the New England Data Report [GJBX-107(82)]. The digital data file accompanying this report includes Supplemental Analyses for 185 sediment samples from within the Bangor quadrangle.

SRL also sent 1,643 SRL-W water samples from Maine to ORGDP for Supplemental Analysis of 31 additional elements. Data for these additional analyses were reported in the New England Data Report [GJBX-107(82)]. The digital data file accompanying this report includes 1,435 water samples from within the Bangor quadrangle.

SRL: Bangor Quadrangle
SRL did not release a separate report for the Bangor quadrangle.

ORGDP: Bangor Quadrangle
SRL sent 1,249 SRL-W sediment samples from the Bangor quadrangle to ORGDP for analysis. These samples were analyzed for uranium and up to 31 additional elements and the results were released on microfiche and digital tape by ORGDP in the Bangor Quadrangle GJBX-88(82) report. The site coding information for this data set was summarized in the GJBX-51(82) report.

ORGDP: Bangor and Bath Quadrangles
460 SRL-W water samples from the Bath and Bangor quadrangles were sent to ORGDP for Supplemental Analyses. The results were released on microfiche by ORGDP in the GJBX-174(82) Bath and Bangor Quadrangles report. The digital data file accompanying this report includes results for 393 water samples from within the Bangor quadrangle. The site coding information for this data set was summarized in the GJBX-164(82) report.

Light Hydrocarbons Analyses
SRL analyses of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, and butane) in ground waters were released in the GJBX-131(82) summary report for 44 western quadrangles and 3 eastern quadrangles within the United States. This report includes data for 749 of the Bangor quadrangle ground water samples.

Gold Analyses
Data for gold analyses of sediments by SRL neutron activation were released in the GJBX-135(82) summary report. The introduction of that report states:

"This report contains previously unreported neutron-activation analyses of gold in sediment samples determined at SRL. These data were not included in the standard SRL NURE data reports because the gold spectrum was not measured in the original analytical procedure and the report format was designed without the gold analyses being included. Gold analyses became available as the analytical procedure was refined, but the report format was not modified to incorporate these data."

Only those sediment samples that had detectable concentrations of gold by neutron activation analysis were given in the GJBX-135(82) report. Sediment samples with concentrations below detection limits were not reported and can only be ascertained by identifying which samples were actually analyzed by neutron activation at SRL.

Summary Tables
Because of the various laboratories and analytical methods used, some SRL samples may have been analyzed once, twice, or not at all. The following table summarizes the analysis of Bangor quadrangle samples.

The following is a list of sample types collected and reported for NURE studies in the Bangor quadrangle. (Note: Only the 158 hand-entered water samples from the Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study are included in this list.) The actual number of records saved in the data files may be greater because of the multiple records needed to preserve all the data.

These Bangor quadrangle samples were analyzed by one or more of the following methods:

Sediment Samples

• SR1: Savannah River Neutron Activation Analysis - Neutron Counting of sediments for U.
• SR2: Savannah River Neutron Activation Analysis of sediments for Al, Ce, Dy, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Lu, Mn, Na, Sc, Sm, Th, Ti, V, and Yb. (Note: Au values were reported later for this method.)
• SR3-AA: Savannah River (Supplemental Analysis by contract Laboratory) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis of sediments for Ag, Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Y, and Zn.
• SR3-CA: Savannah River (Supplemental Analysis by contract Laboratory) Colorimetric Analysis of sediments for Nb, P, and W.
• SR3-FE: Savannah River (Supplemental Analysis by contract Laboratory) Flame Emission Analysis of sediments for K and Li.
• SR3-XU: Savannah River (Supplemental Analysis by contract Laboratory) Analysis of sediments for hot acid extractable U. (Exact method undetermined)
• SR3-XX: Savannah River (Supplemental Analysis by contract Laboratory) Analysis of sediments for As, Se, and Ca. (Exact method undetermined)
• OR2: Oak Ridge Neutron Activation Analysis of sediments for U.
• OR7: Oak Ridge Emission Spectrochemical Analysis of sediments for Ag, Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, Zn, and Zr.

Water Samples

• SR4: Savannah River Neutron Activation Analysis - Neutron Counting of waters for U.
• SR5: Savannah River Neutron Activation Analysis of waters for Al, Br, Cl, Dy, F, Mn, Na, and V. (Note: Mg may also be reported by this method.)
• SR6: Savannah River Neutron Activation Analysis of waters for Al, Br, Cl, Dy, F, Mg, Mn, Na, and V.
• SR-GC: Savannah River Gas Chromatography of waters for light hydrocarbons.
• SR-HE: Savannah River Helium Analysis of waters.
• OR13: Supplemental Analyses by Oak Ridge: Emission Spectrochemical Analysis of waters for Ag, Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Sc, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Zn, and Zr. (Note: Nb and Th may be included in this method.)
• OR17: Supplemental Analyses by Oak Ridge: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis of waters for As and Se.

Discussion of the Reformatting Process for Bangor Quadrangle

Sediment Records
The Bangor quadrangle sediment data includes records from the SRL New England GJBX-107(82) Data report and the ORGDP Bangor Quadrangle GJBX-88(82) report. In order to reduce the total number of records, corresponding records were combined whenever possible. The sample records in the SRL New England GJBX-107(82) Data report that contained only site description data were combined with the corresponding records that contained the analytical data from the ORGDP Bangor Quadrangle GJBX-88(82) report. Supplemental analysis records in the SRL New England GJBX-107(82) Data report were combined with the corresponding SRL analysis records found within the same report. Whenever records were combined, fields containing data in both records were compared and any differences were noted in the REFORMAT field. The end result for each sediment sample is a single combined record which includes all of the data found in each of the digital data files. The following problems were found and addressed during the comparison and reformatting stages for the Bangor quadrangle sediment data:

1. The state code originally assigned to one sample, California, was changed to Maine based on the coordinates.
2. In 3 records, a missing SAMPTYP was assigned a value of 50 (stream sediment from flowing stream) based on the SSAMPTYP value of 'stream sediment plus water'.
3. Missing STRFLOWC values for 730 samples were added from the corresponding water sample records.
4. An unidentified problem with the original data entry caused some contaminant codes to be omitted. Sample records with this problem have a value of 'UNKNOWN' in the CONTAMC field, and are identified in the REFORMAT field.
5. Apparently two of the sampling teams had problems with the determination of pH values in the field. For SAMPLER #13, 50 of 54 wet sample sites collected between May 28 and July 2, 1980 have an unlikely pH value of 14. For SAMPLER #69, 53 of 54 wet sample sites collected between May 24 and June 4, 1980 and 51 of 52 wet sample sites collected between June 10 and July 7, 1980 have a pH value of 14. The pH values of 14 for these 154 sites were removed from the data records and commented in the REFORMAT field.
6. Unlikely sample collection dates were found for five samples. These dates were removed from the SAMPDAT field. For each record, the original SAMPDAT value and the most likely correct value was added as a comment to the REFORMAT field.
7. The original ORGDP file for the Bangor and Bath quadrangles did not include all of the information about the character of the sample location. This missing information includes observations taken at each site on the stream width, depth, and flow, water color, surrounding vegetation, local relief, weather, and possible contaminants. In addition, the longitude coordinate reported in the ORGDP file only had 3 decimal places instead of the 4 decimal places found in the corresponding records from SRL State files. When combining corresponding SRL and ORGDP records, all of the site descriptive data and the longitude values to 4 decimal places from the SRL data files were preserved in the final database.
8. An analysis of latitude-longitude site coordinates identified several stream-sediment samples that were missing coordinates, did not plot within expected state, county, or map boundaries, or had differing coordinates in corresponding records. To correct or confirm sample coordinates, the original field collection maps for Franklin County, Maine; and for Bangor quadrangle areas BGAG, BGAH, BGCB, and BGCG were obtained and re-digitized. The newly re-digitized coordinates were added to the database and the coordinates from the original file(s) were recorded in the COORDPRB comment field. When the newly re-digitized coordinates were not significantly different, that confirmation of the site location was also noted in the COORDPRB comment field.
9. After re-digitizing, one Bath quadrangle study stream-sediment sample that originally plotted in the Bangor quadrangle now plots in the Bath quadrangle.
10. Gold concentrations from the GJBX-135(82) report were added to the appropriate sediment records. A value of -0.01 (<0.01 ppm Au) was added to all other sediment samples determined to have been analyzed by SRL neutron activation. This value was chosen because 0.01 is the lowest reported gold concentration in the entire report.

Water Records
The Bangor quadrangle water data consist of ground-water and surface-water records from the SRL New England GJBX-107(82) Data Report, the ORGDP Bath and Bangor Quadrangles GJBX-174(82) report, the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report, and the ORGDP Skowhegan Area Orientation Study GJBX-176(82) abbreviated report. The SRL analyses and ORGDP supplemental analyses could NOT be combined because of overlapping determinations for 5 elements. Also, an additional ORGDP supplemental analysis record exists for 15 samples. Each water sample may therefore have up to 3 separate records - one for the SRL analysis and one for each ORGDP supplemental analysis. The following problems were found and addressed during the comparison and reformatting stages for the Bangor quadrangle water data:

1. The original NURE SRL-E format for surface-water files did not include much information about the character of the sample location. This missing information includes observations taken at each site on the stream width, depth, and flow, water color, surrounding vegetation, local relief, weather, and possible contaminants. This information is given in records for stream-sediment samples that were collected at the same locations. The available site descriptive information for stream-water sites were compared with the corresponding stream-sediment site records. The missing site descriptive data were then added to stream-water records from the corresponding stream-sediment sample records. Sources of data and any problems found are described in the REFORMAT comment field.
2. The supplemental analysis records reported by ORGDP in the Bath and Bangor Quadrangles GJBX-174(82) report also did not include most site description data. The missing site descriptive data were added to the ORGDP supplemental analysis records from the corresponding SRL water and stream-sediment sample records in the SRL GJBX-107(82) New England Data report. Sources of data and any problems found are described in the REFORMAT comment field.
3. An unidentified problem with the original data entry caused some contaminant codes to be omitted. Sample records with this problem have a value of 'UNKNOWN' in the CONTAMC field, and are identified in the REFORMAT field.
4. Unlikely sample collection dates were found for twelve sample records. These dates were removed from the SAMPDAT field. For each record, the original SAMPDAT value and the most likely correct value was added as a comment to the REFORMAT field.
5. An analysis of latitude-longitude site coordinates identified several stream-water samples that were missing coordinates, did not plot within expected state, county, or map boundaries, or had differing coordinates in corresponding records. To correct or confirm sample coordinates, the original field collection maps for Franklin County, Maine; and for Bangor quadrangle areas BGAG, BGAH, BGCB, and BGCG were obtained and re-digitized. The newly re-digitized coordinates were added to the database and the coordinates from the original file(s) were recorded in the COORDPRB comment field. When the newly re-digitized coordinates were not significantly different, that confirmation of the site location was also noted in the COORDPRB comment field.
6. An analysis of latitude-longitude site coordinates identified several ground-water samples that were missing coordinates, did not plot within expected state, county, or map boundaries, or had differing coordinates in corresponding records. To correct or confirm sample coordinates, the original field collection maps for Bangor quadrangle areas BGAG, BGAH, and BGCB were obtained and re-digitized. The newly re-digitized coordinates were added to the database and the coordinates from the original file(s) were recorded in the COORDPRB comment field. When the newly re-digitized coordinates were not significantly different, that confirmation of the site location was also noted in the COORDPRB comment field.
7. The latitude and longitude coordinates for 3 water samples collected within the Bangor quadrangle were not found in the data during the reformatting process. The records for these 3 samples cannot be retrieved on a geographical basis.
8. Hydrocarbon data from the GJBX-131(82) report were added to fields in the appropriate ground water records and this addition was noted for each record in the REFORMAT comment field.

The digital data released with the ORGDP Skowhegan Area Orientation Study GJBX-176(82) abbreviated report included analytical results for the Skowhegan area samples but did not include any site description data. However, this data was available in the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report. Therefore, a decision was made to hand enter all of the Skowhegan water sample records from the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report. Neither the sediment sample records from the Skowhegan area, nor the records from the Dover-Foxcroft area were entered at this time. These records may be added at a later date. The following actions were taken with the Skowhegan water records:

1. Sample types were assigned in the SAMPTYP field based on whether a corresponding sediment record existed or well description data existed. The SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report states that both sediment and water samples were collected at surface sites. Since the sediment sample records contained stream description codes, water sample records with corresponding sediment sample records were assigned a sample type of 51 (stream water sample filtered through less than 0.8 micron filter at the site). Water records that had well description data were assigned a sample type of 52 (well water sample filtered through less than 0.8 micron filter at the site). Note that some of the WELLDPTH values for ground water samples are small. This would seem to indicate that some of these samples may be spring water samples. However, the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report did not specifically indicate the type of ground water samples collected nor did it contain any code to identify the specific type of each sample. Therefore, some of the ground water samples from the Skowhegan Orientation Study may be spring water samples.
2. Coordinates, the assigned sample type, and site description data from the hand-entered water records were added to the ORGDP supplemental analysis water records.
3. For one water sample record in the ORGDP supplemental data set (identified with the SRLID DSAA609R), no corresponding SRL record was found in the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report. For this sample, the SRLID suffix (R) was added based on the LSAMPTYP value (W = water). The quadrangle (Millinocket) and the sample type were assigned based on those samples with adjacent SRLID's. Since no corresponding SRL record was found for this sample, the coordinates and site description data are missing. The record for this sample cannot be retrieved on a geographical basis.

Download The Data

The NURE HSSR data are now available online in two databases: The sediment database (also includes data for soils and some rocks) at http://tin.er.usgs.gov/nure/sediment/ and the water database at http://tin.er.usgs.gov/nure/water/. From these two web sites, NURE HSSR data can be selected, examined, summarized, and downloaded by political boundaries (State and County), by quadrangle (1:250,000-scale, 1:100,000-scale, and 1:63,360-scale for Alaska or 1:24,000-scale for the Lower 48 States), and by hydrologic unit (drainage region, subregion, river basin, or sub-basin). Selected data can be downloaded as a dBase file, a shapefile, an HTML table, or ASCII text (tab- or comma-delimited).

Bangor Quadrangle Sediment Data - 1,511 records
Bangor Quadrangle Water Data - 4,278 records

Notes for Data Users

In the eastern United States, SRL collected samples primarily by county. Often, not all counties within a quadrangle were completely sampled. Although the Bangor quadrangle was completely sampled, the laboratory and analytical methods used may vary by county such that adjacent counties often have very different analytical coverages.

Seventy-five of the samples collected within the Bangor quadrangle under the SRL-W format were never analyzed.

Other NURE Geochemical Data for the Bangor Quadrangle

Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study
During the reformatting process, water records from the Skowhegan area portion of the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report were entered by hand and are included in the Millinocket and Bangor quadrangle water data records. Neither the water records from the Dover-Foxcroft area, nor the sediment records from Dover-Foxcroft or Skowhegan areas were hand entered. These records can be found in tables within the SRL Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan Orientation Study GJBX-147(82) report.

Bangor and Eastport Quadrangles NURE Summary
A summary evaluation report was prepared for the Bangor and Eastport quadrangles by the Bendix Field Engineering Corporation of Grand Junction, Colorado [PGJ/F-113(82)]. Additional samples of 172 rocks and 10 well waters were collected to "identify geologic environments and delineate areas that exhibit characteristics favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits." The report states that "of the rock samples, 125 were taken in the Bangor quadrangle, 35 in Eastport, and 12 outside the quadrangles, mostly just north of the Eastport quadrangle." However, only 117 rocks and 9 well waters from Bangor, and 47 rocks from Eastport were included in the report data. All of the reported rock and well water samples were analyzed for uranium oxide. Water samples were analyzed for uranium oxide using a Scintrex UA-3 uranium analyzer. All of the reported rocks were analyzed for up to 35 elements by an unidentified method. The rocks were also analyzed for eK, eU, and eTh by gamma spectrometry. These data were released only in appendices on microfiche accompanying the summary report and in tables within the report.

Bangor Quadrangle NURE Bibliography

• Dromgoole, E.L., 1982, Report of analyses for light hydrocarbons in ground water: E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, S.C., SRL Internal Doc. DPST-81-141-19, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-131(82), 14 p.
• Fay, W.M., and Cook, J.R., 1982, Gold analyses by neutron activation from SRL NURE samples: E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, S.C., SRL Internal Doc. DPST-81-141-38, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-135(82), 45 p.
• Fay, W.M., Sargent, K.A., and Cook, J.R., 1982, Data report: New England: E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, S.C., SRL Internal Doc. DPST-81-146-27, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-107(82), 35 p.
• Field, M.T., and Truesdell, D.B., 1982, National Uranium Resource Evaluation, Bangor and Eastport quadrangles, Maine: Bendix Field Engineering Corporation, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., PGJ/F-113(82), 30 p.
• Karfunkel, B.S., 1982, Orientation studies in the Dover-Foxcroft and Skowhegan, Maine, areas: E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, S.C., SRL Internal Doc. DPST-81-141-22, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-147(82), 81 p.
• Uranium Resource Evaluation Project, 1982, Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance basic data for Bangor quadrangle, Maine: Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, Tenn., K/UR-443, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-88(82), 116 p.
• Uranium Resource Evaluation Project, 1982, Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance basic data for Bangor and Bath quadrangles, Maine: Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, Tenn., K/UR-454, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-174(82), 25 p.
• Uranium Resource Evaluation Project, 1982, Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment orientation geochemical survey for Skowhegan area, Maine: Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, Tenn., K/UR-456, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-176(82), 13 p.
• Uranium Resource Evaluation Project, 1982, Supplement to hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance basic data reports K/UR-405 and K/UR-408 through K/UR-443 [GJBX-52(82) through GJBX-88(82)]: Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, Tenn., K/UR-412, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-51(82), 25 p.
• Uranium Resource Evaluation Project, 1982, Supplement to hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance basic data reports K/UR-445 through K/UR-457 [GJBX-165(82) through GJBX-177(82)]: Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, Tenn., K/UR-164, U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colo., GJBX-164(82), 25 p.

Links Within Open-File Report 97-492

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Frequently Asked Questions Concerning NURE HSSR Data
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Page written by Andrew W. Holt and Steven M. Smith.
Contact: Steven M. Smith (smsmith@usgs.gov)
Version 1.30: September 11, 2001
Version 1.41: February 23, 2006

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