OFR 97-492: Wells Quadrangle NURE HSSR Study
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[See History of NURE HSSR Program for a summary of the entire program.]
The responsibility for the Wells Quadrangle NURE Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) study was assigned first to the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL). Prior to 1979, LLL collected at least 553 sediment samples from the quadrangle but did not analyze them. When LLL participation in the NURE HSSR program ended in about 1979, the responsibility for the Wells quadrangle was assigned to the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL). SRL analyzed these LLL sediment samples for uranium and 16 other elements and the analytical data were released as the GJBX-117(80) report.
SRL completed the Wells quadrangle HSSR study by collecting an additional 1,367 sediment and 152 water samples between October and December of 1979. These samples were also analyzed by SRL for uranium and other elements (16 additional elements in sediments and 9 in waters) and the analytical data were released in the GJBX-174(80) report. The water samples collected by SRL were then sent to other laboratories for "supplemental analyses." The supplemental analytical data, with results for 31 elements in waters, were not released in a separate report.
In 1982, SRL released a summary report and data files for 50 quadrangles in the Western United States. This report, GJBX-132(82), contains both the SRL analytical data and the supplemental analytical data for the SRL samples from the Wells quadrangle but the concentration values often differ from those reported in the GJBX-174(80) quadrangle report. The introduction section of the GJBX-132(82) summary report states:
"The data in the present report may not be identical to those reported previously. This is due to the use of different "scrub" procedures for the preparation of the data for release. The differences should be minor."
SRL analyses of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, and butane) in ground waters were released in the GJBX-131(82) summary report for 44 western quadrangles and 3 eastern quadrangles within the United States. This report includes data for 48 of the Wells quadrangle ground water samples.
Data for gold analyses of sediments by SRL neutron activation were released in the GJBX-135(82) summary report. The introduction of that report states:
"This report contains previously unreported neutron-activation analyses of gold in sediment samples determined at SRL. These data were not included in the standard SRL NURE data reports because the gold spectrum was not measured in the original analytical procedure and the report format was designed without the gold analyses being included. Gold analyses became available as the analytical procedure was refined, but the report format was not modified to incorporate these data."
Only those sediment samples that had detectable concentrations of gold by neutron activation analysis were given in the GJBX-135(82) report. Sediment samples with concentrations below detection limits were not reported and can only be ascertained by identifying which samples were actually analyzed by neutron activation at SRL.
The following is a list of all sample types collected and reported for NURE studies in the Wells quadrangle. The actual number of records in the NEW-FORMAT NURE data files may be greater because of the multiple records needed to preserve all the data.
| Sediment Sample Type | Number of Samples | Water Sample Type | Number of Samples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wet Streams | 588 | Streams | 35 |
| Dry Streams | 608 | Wells | 4 |
| Soils | 724 | Springs | 108 |
| Other | 5 | ||
| Total Sediments | 1,920 | Total Waters | 152 |
These Wells quadrangle samples were analyzed by one or more of the following methods:
Sediment Samples
Water Samples
The data in the NEW-FORMAT NURE data files consist of records from all of the above reports. In order to reduce the number of records, a decision was made to use the data from the GJBX-132(82) western U.S. summary report rather than the GJBX-174(80) Wells quadrangle report. The rationale for choosing this data set was that (1) it represents a later compilation of the data and (2) it should be more consistent across quadrangle boundaries because of the common "scrubbing procedure." Every record was checked against the "equivalent" record in the earlier GJBX-174(80) quadrangle report and any major differences were noted in the REFORMAT comment field. These slightly different but unused quadrangle report records were combined and saved as extra files which may be accessed below.
In the water data file the SRL analyses and supplemental analyses could NOT be combined because of overlapping determinations for 5 elements. Each water sample may therefore have 2 separate records - one for the SRL analysis and one for the supplemental analysis.
Hydrocarbon data from the GJBX-131(82) report were added to fields in the appropriate ground water records and this addition was noted for each record in the REFORMAT comment field.
Gold concentrations from the GJBX-135(82) report were added to the appropriate sediment records. A value of -0.01 (<0.01 ppm Au) was added to all other sediment samples determined to have been analyzed by SRL neutron activation. This value was chosen because 0.01 is the lowest reported gold concentration in the entire report.
The NURE HSSR data are now available online in two databases: The sediment database (also includes data for soils and some rocks) at http://tin.er.usgs.gov/nure/sediment/ and the water database at http://tin.er.usgs.gov/nure/water/. From these two websites, NURE HSSR data can be selected, examined, summarized, and downloaded by political boundaries (State and County), by quadrangle (1:250,000-scale, 1:100,000-scale, and 1:63,360-scale for Alaska or 1:24,000-scale for the Lower 48 States), and by hydrologic unit (drainage region, subregion, river basin, or sub-basin). Selected data can be downloaded as a dBase file, a shapefile, an HTML table, or ASCII text (tab- or comma-delimited).
Wells Quadrangle Sediment Data - 1,919 records
Wells Quadrangle Water Data - 296 records
Unused set of quadrangle sediment records - wells_sx.dbf.gz
Unused set of quadrangle water records - wells_wx.dbf.gz
Many records contain analytical values with insignificant digits. Most data should only have 2 or 3 significant digits. Differences after the second or third digit should be ignored.
A summary evaluation report was prepared for the Wells quadrangle by the Bendix Field Engineering Corporation [PGJ/F-070(82)]. Additional samples of 655 rocks and 629 waters were collected in the quadrangle to aid in the interpretation of uranium anomalies. The rock samples were analyzed for uranium by fluorometry, and for 29 other elements by emission spectroscopy. The water samples were analyzed for uranium oxide using a Scintrex Uranium Analyzer. These data were released only as microfiche appendices accompanying the summary report.
A report on the geology and mineral resources of the Wells quadrangle prepared for the Savannah River Laboratory can be found in the GJBX-7(83) report. No geochemistry accompanies this report.
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Frequently Asked Questions Concerning NURE HSSR Data
Home Page: USGS National Geochemical Database - NURE HSSR data
Page written by Andrew W. Holt and Steven M. Smith
Contact: Steven M. Smith (smsmith@usgs.gov)
Version 1.10: July 29, 1999
Version 1.20: August 07, 2000
Version 1.30: September 11, 2001
Version 1.40: January 13, 2006
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