Identification_Information:

  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Bawiec, Walter J.
      Publication_Date: 2000
      Title: COVERAGE EASTTERR -- Geologic Terranes of the Island of Puerto Rico, East of 67 7' 30" West Longitude at a Scale of 1:100,000
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 98-38
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: (<URL:http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-038/>)
  Description:

    Abstract:
      The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico can be partitioned into several subtle but distinct 'packages' of rocks as a consequence of the tectonic setting and geologic history of the Caribbean region.  These packages of associated map units are treated as geologic terranes having affinities based upon lithologic rock type, depositional environment, and (or) age of deposition.  Terranes are used to reconstruct and understand the large-scale geologic history of Puerto Rico.  Also of use to economic geologists is the knowledge that each terrane, which hosts distinct types of mineral occurrences, requires different exploration techniques.
      A total of 151 map units, identified on the geologic map of Puerto Rico, are combined into twelve associated terranes for the main island.
      The geology of the islands of Mona, Culebra, and Vieques has not been reexamined in detail (1:100,000) in this study, and the terranes for these islands have been extrapolated from the 1:240,000 scale previously published maps of Cox and Briggs (1973).
    Purpose:
      The terrane map, which was generated by grouping geologically similar rock types, depositional environments, and (or) ages, displays twelve distinct terranes.  Rocks of similar age and similar lithologic character tend to occur together.  However, it must be remembered that because many of the lithologies are transitional or interfingering, they may logically be placed in more than one terrane.  Terrane type was determined by the depositional environment and age of the predominant rock type for that particular map unit.  Some assignments are likely ambiguous.

      Ultramafic rocks in Puerto Rico are igneous rocks composed chiefly of mafic minerals, and amphibolite which is a metamorphic rock consisting mainly of amphibole and plagioclase, containing little or no quartz.  These rocks have potential as hosts of podiform chromite deposits, and erode to form remnant sedimentary nickel laterite deposits.
      Basalt in Puerto Rico is dark- to medium-dark, commonly extrusive, mafic igneous rock composed chiefly of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene in a glassy or fine-grained groundmass.  Chert is found in association with basalt in Puerto Rico.  Mineral occurrences observed in basalt include vein deposits of barite.  The basalt has been quarried as traprock, an industrial product.
      Puerto Rico's intrusive rocks have been separated into two classes; Cretaceous, and Tertiary through Cretaceous, based upon the age of intrusion.  Porphyry copper deposits  found in these areas are thought to be related to the younger Eocene intrusions, and the older Cretaceous rocks have associated mineral deposits such as magnetite skarns.
      The Tertiary and Cretaceous intrusive terrane includes known Tertiary rocks and those rocks for which age is uncertain.  Although some of these rocks have not been dated, they are included in this terrane because of their stratigraphic relationship with surrounding rocks. The age of these intrusive rocks is important, because the present potentially economic metallic mineralization of Puerto Rico has been identified with the Eocene intrusive rocks.  Most important are porphyry copper systems bearing copper, molybdenum, and gold.  Associated with these intrusive rocks are skarn deposits within adjacent calcareous rocks, and vein deposits in fractures and faults.
      Concurrent with these two periods of intrusion was the synchronous deposition of related marine volcaniclastic rocks, which cover a substantial area of Puerto Rico.
      Rocks described as alteration on the terrane map are metavolcanic rocks or hydrothermally altered rocks for which the protolith is uncertain (R. Krushensky, oral communications; 1994).  Alteration is an important indicator for locating many types of mineral deposits.  However, altered rocks are widespread and represent many different levels of alteration intensity throughout Puerto Rico.  Only the most intensely altered rocks are identified on the 1:20,000 geologic quadrangle maps that were used to compile the 1:200,000 geologic map.
      Nonvolcaniclastic terranes are composed of biogenic or clastic map units devoid of volcanic material and cover approximately 3,900 km2 or 45 percent of the surface area of Puerto Rico. An understanding of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of these terranes is important because they host intrusion-related deposits, such as skarns and vein deposits.
      Pliocene through Oligocene nonvolcaniclastic terranes comprise approximately 1,500  square kilometers, or 17 percent, of the surface area and consist of limestone and calcareous clastic rock.  These rocks cover older rocks present during the intrusion of metalliferous Eocene igneous rocks.  This terrane is an important source for industrial minerals, including limestone and sand and gravel.
      Quaternary nonvolcaniclastic terranes consist of surficial deposits of alluvium, beach and swamp deposits, identified landslide areas, artificial fill, and fault breccia. Quaternary rocks are a major source for industrial minerals.


    Supplemental_Information:
      The terrane map is a combination of 3 coverages (westterr, centerr, eastterr), as can be seen in the TERRANE.AML in the AML folder of the cd-rom. There is not one coverage depicting terranes for the entire island of Puerto Rico. However, there are plots of the terrane map of the island of Puerto Rico present in different formats, including PDF, EPS, and GRA. They are located in their respective folders.
      The terrane coverages (westterr, centerr, eastterr) were created by using the  ARC DISSOLVE command on each of the respective geologic coverages. The DISSOLVE command eliminates arcs between adjoining polygons with the same attribute; in this case the same terrane type.





  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 1999

  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned

  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.15450562
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -65.57372511
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.50160025
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 17.92536853

  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword:
        Geology
        Terrane
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Puerto Rico

  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints:
    Anyone who uses these data must cite US Geological Survey.
    These data are not to be used at scales showing more detail than 1:100,000.

  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bawiec, Walter J.
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address:
          954 National Center
          12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: Virginia
        Postal_Code: 20192
        Country: United States
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-6148
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703)648-6383
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbawiec@usgs.gov

  Data_Set_Credit: The terrane map was created by transducing 151 map units, as described by Richard D. Krushensky, into 12 geologic terranes, deemed useful in understanding the mineral resources of Puerto Rico.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    Windows_NT, 4.0, Intel
    ARC/INFO version 7.1.1

Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The terrane map, which was generated by grouping geologically similar rock types, depositional environments, and (or) ages, displays twelve distinct terranes.  Rocks of similar age and similar lithologic character tend to occur together.  However, it must be remembered that because many of the lithologies are transitional or interfingering, they may logically be placed in more than one terrane.  Terrane type was determined by the depositional environment and age of the predominant rock type for that particular map unit.  Some assignments are likely ambiguous.
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Polygon and chain-node topology present.
    All polygons have a label, and all polygons are closed.

  Completeness_Report:
    There are TWELVE GEOLOGIC TERRANES OF PUERTO RICO, which are listed below:

    NONVOLCANICLASTIC TERRANES
    Quaternary:
    Pliocene through Oligocene:
    Eocene through Cretaceous:
    INTRUSIVE TERRANES
    Tertiary through Cretaceous:
    Cretaceous:
    VOLCANICLASTIC TERRANES
    SUBAERIAL:
    MARINE:
    Tertiary
    Tertiary and Cretaceous:
    Cretaceous:
    ALTERATION TERRANE
    SUBMARINE BASALT AND CHERT TERRANE
    ULTRAMAFIC ROCK AND AMPHIBOLITE TERRANE


    Map Units Contained in Each Geologic Terrane
    [Stratigraphic units listed alphabetically within terrane]

    NONVOLCANICLASTIC TERRANES
    Quaternary:
    Qa	Alluvium
    Qb	Beach deposits
    QTs	Blanket sand deposits
    Ql	Landslide deposits
    Qs	Swamp deposits
    af	Artificial fill

    Pliocene through Oligocene:
    Tcbga	Almirante Sur Sand Lentil of Cibao Formation
    Ta	Aguada Limestone
    Tay	Aymamon Limestone
    Tcm	Camuy Formation
    Tcb	Cibao Formation
    Tcbg	Guajataca Member of Cibao Formation
    Tgua	Guanajibo Formation
    Tjd	Juana Diaz Formation
    Tla	Lares Limestone
    Tcbmi	Miranda Sand Member of Cibao Formation
    Tcbm	Montebello Limestone Member of Cibao Formation
    Tmu	Mucarabones Sand
    Tpo	Ponce Limestone
    Tcbq	Quebrada Arenas Limstone Member of Cibao Formation
    Tcbr	Rio Indio Limstone Member of Cibao Fomation
    Ts	San Sebastian Formation
    Tfb	Fault breccia

    Eocene through Cretaceous:
    Tco	Corozal Limestone
    Kcot	Cotui Limestone
    Tc	Cuevas Limstone
    Tg	Guayo Formation
    Klm	La Muda Formation
    Kp	Parguera Limestone
    Kpe	Penones Limestone

    INTRUSIVE TERRANES

    Tertiary through Cretaceous:
    TKas	Alkali syenite
    TKap	Augite andesite porphyry
    TKahp	Augite-hornblende porphyry
    TKat 	Augite trachybasalt
    Td	Porphyritic dacite
    TKda	Amygdaloidal dacite
    TKg	Diabasic gabbro
    Tga	Gabbro
    TKgm	Granodiorite quartz monzonite
    TKhda	Hornblende dacite
    TKh	Porphyry Hornblende quartz-diorite
    Thp	Hornblende quartz diorite porphyry
    TKdi	Diorite
    TKqd	Quartz diorite-granodiorite
    TKk	Quartz keratophyre
    Trhp	Rhyodacite porphyry

    Cretaceous:
    Kdi	Diorite
    Kdh	Diorite-hornblende gabbro
    Kcag	Granodiorite of the Caguas pluton
    Kmc	Granodiorite of Morovis and Ciales stocks
    Kpgq	Quartz diorite - plutonic complex of Punta
    Guayanes
    Kpsg	Granodiorite of the plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes
    and the granodiorite of San Lorenzo batholith, undivided
    Ksl	Granodiorite-quartz diorite of San Lorenzo batholith
    Ku	Granodiorite-quartz diorite of the Utuado batholith
    Kib	Intrusive breccia of the Daguao Formation
    Kslg	Mixed granodiorite-diorite of the San Lorenzo batholith
    Kpgg	Granodiorite of plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes
    Kpsq	Quartz diorite of plutonic complex of Punta Guayanes
    and of the Granodiorite of San Lorenzo batholith
    Kslq	Quartz diorite facies of Granodiorite of San Lorenzo
    batholith and diorite-hornblende gabbro
    Kpgqm	Quartz monzonite of plutonic complex of Punta
    Guayanes
    Kpob	Two pyroxene olivine basalt

    VOLCANICLASTIC TERRANES

    SUBAERIAL:

    Kcb	Cambalache Formation
    Kpo	Pozas Formation

    MARINE:

    Tertiary
    Tca	Carreras Siltstone
    Tj	Jicara Formation
    Tjo	Jobos Formation
    Tl	Los Puertos Formation
    Tm	Monserrate Formation
    Tor	Ortiz Formation
    Tpa	Palmarejo Formation
    Tra	Raspaldo Formation
    Tr	Rio Culebrinas Formation
    Trd	Rio Descalabrado Formation
    Trp	Rio Piedras Siltstone
    Ty	Yunes Formation

    Tertiary and Cretaceous:
    TKa	Anon Formation
    TKamo	Anon-Monserrate Formations, undivided
    TKay	Anon and Yauco Formations, undivided
    TKam	Anon and Maricao Formations, undivided
    TKci	Cibuco Formation
    TKgu	Guaracanal Formation
    TKl	Lago Garzas Formation
    TKaym	Anon, Yauco, and Maricao Formations, undivided
    TKlam	Lago Garzas, Anon, and Maricao Formations, undivided
    TKly	Lago Garzas and Yauco Formations, undivided
    TKal	Anon Formations and Lago Garzas, undivided
    TKm	Maricao Formation
    TKmy	Maricao and Yauco Formations, undivided
    TKmly	Maricao, Lago Garzas, and Yauco Formations, undivided
    TKn	Naranjito Formation
    TKy	Yauco Formation

    Cretaceous:
    Kac	Achiote Conglomerate
    Kal	Alonso Formation
    Kba	Barrazas Formation
    Kcam	Camarones Sandstone
    Kcn	Canovanas Formation
    Kca	Cariblanco Formation
    Kcan	Cancel Breccia
    Kcar	Carraizo Breccia
    Kcoa	Coamo Formation
    Keo	El Ocho Formation
    Kfa	Fajardo Formation
    Kfr	Frailes Formation
    Kg	Guaynabo Formation
    Kh	Hato Puerco Formation
    Kja	Jayuya Tuff
    Kln	Los Negros Formation
    Kma	Magueyes Formation
    Kmal	Malo Breccia
    Kman	Manicaboa Formation
    Kmar	Maravillas Formation
    Kmag	Martin Gonzalez Lava
    Km	Melones Limestone
    Kmo	Monacillo Formation
    Kpa	Pajaros Tuff
    Kpi	Pitahaya Formation
    Kra	Rio Abajo Formation
    Krp	Rio de la Plata Sandstone
    Kr	Robles Formation
    Ks	Sabana Grande Formation
    Kta	Tabonuco Formation
    Kte	Tetuan Formation
    Kt	Torrecilla Breccia
    Kto	Tortuga Andesite
    Kv	Vista Alegre Formation


    ALTERATION TERRANE

    TKmv	Metavolcanic rock
    TKha	Hydrothermally altered rock


    SUBMARINE BASALT AND CHERT TERRANE

    Kabcj 	Formations A, B, C, & J
    Kav	Avispa Formation
    Kap	Avispa and Perchas Formations, undivided
    Kbo	Bqueron Basalt
    KJc	Cajul Basalt
    Kce	Celada Formation
    Kcg	Cerro Gordo Lava
    Kco	Concepcion Formation
    Kctt	Cotorra Tuff
    Kd	Daguao Formation
    Ke	El Rayo Formation
    Kf	Figuera Lava
    Kfd	Figuera and Daguao Formations, undivided
    Ki	Infierno Formation
    Kl	Lajas Formation
    Klo	Lomas Formation
    Kmam	Mameyes Formation
    KJm	Mariquita Chert
    Kper	Perchas Formation
    Kso	Santa Olaya Lava


    ULTRAMAFIC ROCK AND AMPHIBOLITE TERRANE
    KJa	Amphibolite
    KJas	Amphibolite-Serpentinite
    KJs	Serpentinite
    KJb	Spillitized Basalt


  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The Eastterr coverage  is a derivitive coverage of East coverage which has a Root Mean Square (RMS) error of 28.566 meters, which means locations shown on the digital coverages are within 28.566 meters of their location on the ground. This error was computed  during the transformation of coordinates from scanning units (inches) to polyconic meters.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Richard D. Krushensky
          Publication_Date: 1999
          Title: COVERAGE EAST -- Geology of the Island of Puerto Rico, East of 67 7'30" West Longitude at a Scale of 1:100,000
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
            Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 98-38
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 200,000
      Type_of_Source_Media: Mylar
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 1999
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS OFR 98-38
      Source_Contribution: Each geologic map unit is assigned to a geologic terrane. The arcs from the digital geologic map were dissolved, by terrane code, into the terrane map. This resulted in a map having much fewer polygons.

    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Each polygon is assigned a geologic map unit mnemonic, which represents a specific geologic unit. Each map unit mnemonic is assigned to one of twelve geologic terranes, based upon its' depositional environment, lithology and/or age. The ARC command DISSOLVE is used to remove common arcs from adjoining polygons having the same terrane attribute. This results in a terrane map having fewer polygons and being much simplier than the original geologic map.
      Process_Date: 1999

    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        First draft of metadata created by wbawiec using
        FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.2 05/14/98 on ARC/INFO data set
        g:\resdgs2\adorrzapf\puerto\eastterr
      Process_Date: 19991022

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1139
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2352
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1006

Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Polyconic
        Polyconic:
          Latitude_of_True_Scale:             18
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -67
          False_Easting: 0.00000
          False_Northing: 0.00000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0316361635923
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0316361635923
        Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      The purpose of this coverage is to provide the arcs necessary to draw outlines around colored terranes. Terranes are colored by linking formation names (FMATN) of the EAST, CENTRAL, and WEST coverages to a lookup table called PRPROV.LUT. Look at TERRANES.AML in the AML folder to see how this coverage is used.

      Items listed below are found in the INFO files associated with the polygon attribute table (*.PAT) and arc attribute table (*.AAT).
      The first four items (AREA, PERIMETER, EASTTERR#, EASTTERR-ID) are Arc/Info generated and should never be altered. The last item, PROV, was used in the early development of this coverage, but is no longer current.

      The first seven items of *.AAT (FNODE#, TNODE#, LPOLY#, RPOLY#, LENGTH, EASTTERR#, EASTTERR-ID) are Arc/Info generated and should not be altered.  The last item, NOPLOT, has a value of either '0' or '1'. Arcs with a value of NOPLOT = '1' are located on the east and/or west sides of coverages that adjoin another coverage. When these arcs are not plotted, the join between adjacent coverages becomes transparent when plotting more than one coverage.




      >
      >EASTTERR.PAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  AREA                   4    12     F      3
      >    5  PERIMETER              4    12     F      3
      >    9  EASTTERR#              4     5     B      -
      >   13  EASTTERR-ID            4     5     B      -
      >   17  PROV                   4     4     F      0
      >
      >
      >EASTTERR.AAT:
      >
      >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
      >    1  FNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    5  TNODE#                 4     5     B      -
      >    9  LPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   13  RPOLY#                 4     5     B      -
      >   17  LENGTH                 4    12     F      3
      >   21  EASTTERR#              4     5     B      -
      >   25  EASTTERR-ID            4     5     B      -
      >   29  NOPLOT                 4     4     F      0
      >
      >
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: Box 25286, Denver Federal Center
        City: Denver
        State_or_Province: Colorado
        Postal_Code: 80225-0286
        Country: United States
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-USA-MAPS
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/esic.html

  Distribution_Liability:
    This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by
    an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States
    Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any
    warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or
    responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
    information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or
    represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
    Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or
    service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not
    necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or
    favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any
    views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
    or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
    Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used
    by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the U.S.
    Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials
    and/or the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall
    not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by
    the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials.
    Graphical map depictions on this disc are intended to be used within the
    map scale limits applicable to the source data. Although software
    enables the user to show images on the disc at various scales, the user
    is cautioned to refer to the source documentation for the appropriate
    map scale limitations.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 19991022
  Metadata_Future_Review_Date: None Planned
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Bawiec, Walter J.
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address:
          954 National Center
          12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: Virginia
        Postal_Code: 20192
        Country: United States
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703)648-6148
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703)648-6383
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbawiec@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: Version of June 8, 1994
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: none
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: none