Classifying gravel deposits by landforms allows definition of a host of other characteristics that have predictive value:

1-Geologic environment. A deposit model does not merely specify physiographic setting, but encompasses the entire history of the deposit from alluvial deposition to erosion and current state of preservation.

2-Deposit characteristics. Features such as stratigraphy, particle size, sorting and weathering have a strong influence on aggregate quality. Alluvial fan deposits are poorly sorted and lower in aggregate quality than well-sorted river terrace and floodplain deposits.

3-Deposit size. Size varies with physiographic setting and preservation. For example, dissected high terraces tend to be too small to provide sufficient tonnages to support aggregate mining.

4-Environmental effects of mining. Mining impacts vary from minor excavations for fill material in fans and dissected terraces to sustained operations that produce large pits and require facilities for processing and delivery of aggregate. Pits on floodplains require de-watering of the deposit and can lower the local water table.

5-Post-mining use. Small excavations on uplands can be reclaimed to native vegetation or rangeland. Large excavations on floodplains have major value: they provide opportunities for development of wetlands, water storage, and recreational facilities.

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Last updated 07 Dec 2016