Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Steven P. Schilling
      Originator: Sarah Doelger
      Originator: Joseph S. Walder
      Originator: Cynthia A. Gardner
      Originator: Richard M. Conrey
      Originator: Bruce J. Fisher
      Publication_Date: 2007
      Title: Digital Data for Volcano Hazards in the Mount Jefferson Region, Oregon
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Vancouver, WA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-24/
  Description:
    Abstract: Mt. Jefferson is a volcanic center with a history of large explosive eruptions.  Although Mt. Jefferson has not had an eruptive episode in 15,000 years, evidence from similar types of volcanoes elsewhere suggests that it is not extinct.  A future eruption could have severe ramifications for the local population as well as areas hundreds of miles  downwind.  It is possible that moderate sized landslides could occur even during a period of non volcanic activity.  These slides could transform into lahars that inundate areas far downstream of the mountain.  The cause for greatest concern however, is that such lahars might enter reservoirs on either side of the volcano.  These flows could cause waves that overtop dams or even induce dam failure.  Scientists at the USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory created a data set that deliniates proximal, distal, and regional hazard zones.  The data for the distal zones depicts the potential paths and extents of lahars.  They were created using LAHARZ software with 20, 100, and 500 million cubic meter input values.  The proximal zone shows the area that would likely be affected by pyroclastic flows and surges, lava flows, and ballistic projectiles.  Finally, the regional hazard zone depicts areas that could be affected by the eruptions of smaller volcanoes spread throughout the Mt. Jefferson Region.  Ashfall probability zones are not duplicated here but are available on the Cascades Volcano Observatory website: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-24/ under the Mount Rainier dataset.
    Purpose: These volcanic hazard zones are intended for use by public and private agencies to view, overlay with other Geographic Information System (GIS) data sets, and make maps of volcanic hazards from potential future eruptions of Mount Jefferson, Oregon.  It is critical to understand the nature of the boundaries of the volcanic hazard zones.  Although arcs serve as boundaries of hazard zones, the degree of hazard does not change abruptly at these boundaries.  For example, lahar hazard decreases gradually with increased distance from the volcano and above the valley floor.  Many volcanic hazards also span a range of size and recurrence.  The hazard zones delineated in this data set portray volcanic events believed most likely from future activity at Mount Jefferson, Oregon.  Areas outside the hazard zones, especially those having low relief, should not be regarded as hazard-free.  Too many uncertainties exist in source, size, and mobility of future events to locate boundaries of zero-hazard zones with confidence.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 1999
    Currentness_Reference: 1999
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.885428
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.035445
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.012590
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.563258
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: Volcanic center
      Theme_Keyword: eruption
      Theme_Keyword: lahar
      Theme_Keyword: lava flow
      Theme_Keyword: pyroclastic flow
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: Mt. Jefferson
      Place_Keyword: Cascade Range
      Place_Keyword: Oregon
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints:
    Although digital data is easy to view at nearly any scale or projection, each
    vector data set has a compilation scale that determines the accuracy and
    reliable use of the data set.  The vectors in this data set were compiled and
    checked for accuracy at a scale of 1:100,000 and thereby should only be used
    at 1:100,000 or smaller scales.  The data set is inappropriate for use at
    scales larger than 1:100,000.  Doing so will produce inaccurate and
    unreliable results.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1300 Cardinal Ct. Suite 100
        City: Vancouver
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98683
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360-993-8900
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 360-993-8980
  Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification_System: none
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: none
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Joseph S. Walder
      Originator: Cynthia A. Gardiner
      Originator: Richard M. Conrey
      Originator: Bruce J. Fisher
      Originator: Steven P. Schilling
      Publication_Date: 1999
      Title: Volcano Hazards in the Mount Jefferson Region, Oregon
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geolgocial Survey Open-file Report
        Issue_Identification: 99-24
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Vancouver, WA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: See Entity_Attribute_Information
    Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Value: See Explaination
      Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:
        The attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute
        defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Polygon and chain-node topology present.  Hazard zonation polygons are
    logically consistent throughout coverage.
  Completeness_Report:
    This data set includes hazard zones that may be
    affected by volcanic processes during future eruptions of Jefferson Volcano.
    Additionally, this data set includes areas that could be affected by smaller, monogenetic volcanoes within the region
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        For zones created with LAHARZ, the horizontal accuracy is derived from underlying digital elevation models (best available).
        For the regional hazard zone, original linework were compiled on mylar greenlines of U.S. Geological
        Survey topographic quadrangles created according to National Map
        Accuracy Standards.  Digitized linework were plotted, registered to
        original linework, and inspected visually for discrepency of greater
        than a linewidth (approximately 0.007 inches).  For computer modelling,
        Digital Elevation Models having cell sizes of about 62 ground meters or
        about 2 millimeters on the map at 1:100,000 scale were derived from Digital
        Line Graph contour layers that were created according to National Map
        Accuracy Standards.  All linework was plotted with DLG contour layers
        to check for positional accuracy as are reasonable according to  geologic
        and hydrologic principles.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        For LAHARZ generated zones, no Vertical positonal data was recorded.
        For the regional hazard zone:
        1:100,000 scale Digital Line Graph (DLG) contours have contour intervals of
        either 50 or 40 meters as well as Digital Elevation Models have vertical
        accuracies according to the National Map Accuracy Standards.  All linework
        was plotted with DLG contour layers to check for positional accuracy
        as are reasonable according to geologic and hydrologic principles.
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The distal and proximal hazard zones in this GIS data layer was created using LAHARZ (Schilling, 1998) software that automatically delineates areas of potential inundation by future lahars.  Prior to delineating volcano hazard zones, LAHARZ must generate three surface hydrology grids (flow direction, flow accumulation, and delineated streams) from a DEM extending across the area of interest.  First, LAHARZ calls a function that evaluates each cell in the DEM, determines which of the surrounding cells has the lowest elevation value (assumes lowest elevation to be the direction of flow) and stores the direction to that lowest-elevation neighboring cell as an integer value in a flow direction grid.  Next, LAHARZ calls a function to assess accumulation of flow.  The function evaluates each cell in the flow direction grid, sums the total number of upstream cells that flow into each cell, and stores the calculated sum for each cell in a flow accumulation grid.  Finally, LAHARZ calls a function that evaluates each cell of the flow accumulation grid. All cells in the flow accumulation grid that equal or exceed a user-specified threshold value are identified and stored in a stream grid as computer-generated streams.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: We defined a range of flow volumes that bracketed the most likely future lahar volume(s) for the volcano from geologic information and field investigations.  LAHARZ calculates the maximum cross-sectional and planimetric areas for each of the flow volumes. LAHARZ stores and accesses these maximum values of cross-section and planimetric area to construct hundreds to thousands of cross sections that together define the area of potential hazard.  LAHARZ begins at the user-selected stream cell, reads the stored direction value indicating the next downstream cell from the flow direction grid, and calculates cross sections for the three remaining cross section directions (N-S, NW-SE, W-E, or NE-SW).  The number of cells encountered while making each cross section is multiplied by the area of a single cell.  LAHARZ deducts this finite area from the total stored planimetric area and moves to the next downstream cell.  When complete, all of the cells encountered while making these cross sections taken together define the potential area of inundation along the stream drainage.  The process is repeated for each input volume and for each stream drainage.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Completed calculations for each drainage results in the creation of a grid for each volume and each drainage.  The calculations for each input flow volume produce a separate grid.  Each single grid is converted to a vector file for display.  The final vector files should be displayed as a set of nested, overlapping hazard zones to show the range of inundation areas derived from a range of possible lahars that, from smallest to largest, have increasing frequency and decreasing magnitude.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The regional hazard zone of this GIS data layer was mapped by hand, based upon topography and geologic field work.  Linework was captured by digitizing. Digitizing procedures: Arcs were digitized in tablet inches from lines inked on 1:24,000 or 1:100,000 scale topographic mylar greenlines.  Each quadrangle was registered to the digitizer and re-registered to ensure that tics could be relocated with an RMS equal to or less than 0.004.  Lines were digitized using a NODESNAP CLOSEST .05 and a weed tolerance of 0.  A second coverage was CREATEd from the first.  In INFO, the tics were changed from inch coordinates to decimal degree coordinates and saved.  The decimal degree coordinate coverage was converted to a UTM projection using:  INPUT, PROJECTION GEOGRAPHIC, UNITS DD, PARAMETERS, OUTPUT, PROJECTION UTM, UNITS METERS, ZONE 10, PARAMETERS, END
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Each coverage in inches was TRANSFORMed to the empty UTM coverage ensuring the transformation RMS was equal or less than 0.004 inches.  The individual coverages were edgematched and merged into a single coverage.  Coverages were checked for digitizing accuracy both before and after merging by plotting linework at 1:24,000 or 1:100,000 scale as appropriate and overlain on original linework.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Ashfall probability zones are not duplicated here but are available on the Cascades Volcano Observatory website: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-24/ under the Mount Rainier dataset.  These ashfall zones were derived statistically.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Metadata imported.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\DOCUME~1\sschilli\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml13A.tmp
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Metadata imported.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\0000_photos\METADATA\jefferson_metadata\working_directory\metadata.xml
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Metadata imported.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\0000_photos\METADATA\jefferson_metadata\working_directory\metadata.xml
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Mount Jefferson volcano and vicinity, Oregon
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3700
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1619
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1619
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 56
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 10
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000256
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000256
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: jeffhaz.pat
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon Attribute Table
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Computer modelling, experience, and interpretation
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: JEFFHAZ#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: JEFFHAZ-ID
      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID-CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Code for delineating different types of hazard areas
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Computer modelling, experience, and interpretation
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      JEFFHAZ.PAT - Polygon Attribute Table
      The attributes FID, Shape, AREA, PERIMETER,NBHAZ#, and, NBHAZ-ID are created and       maintained automatically for internal use by Arc/INFO software.GRID-CODE is defined as having a width of 4, an output of 8.  The attribute may have a positve integer value between 0 and 999. The grid code identifies the type and nature of different volcanic hazards.  Polygons have been separated into proximal (near thevolcanic edifice), distal (more distant from edifice, primarily down major stream drainages), and regional hazard zones. Proximal Hazard Zones.  Areas subject to rapidly moving, devastating pyroclastic flows and surges, lahars, and debris avalanches that can sweep out to the hazard boundary very rapidly.  Also subject to ballistic projectiles and lava flows.  The Proximal Hazard Zone has a GRID CODE value of 1.

      Distal Hazard Zones
      Valleys heading on Mount Jefferson that are subject to lahars generated by debris
      avalanches, pyroclastic flows, and heavy rains on loose debris.  Distal Hazard zones are subdivided into three zones on the basis of a range of hypothetical lahar volumes.  A special case exists for the valleys of Shitike and Minto Creeks, which do not head directly on the volcano.
      GRID CODE VALUE and DESCRIPTION
      0           Null value
      1           Proximal Hazard Zone
      20           Areas that could be affected by a lahar with a volume of 20 million cubic meters.  Highest probability.

      99           Areas of Shitike and Minto Creeks that are shown for lahars with a maximum volume of 20 million cubic meters.  Lahars generating debris avalanches or pyroclastic flows would have to overtop 200 meter high divides.  Probability of such an event is similar to that of the largest lahar (500 million cubic meters).

      100          Areas that could be affected by a lahar with a volume of 100 million cubic meters.

      500          Areas that could be affected by a lahar with a volume of 500 million cubic meters.  Lowest probability.

      Regional Hazard Zone
      Areas that could be affected by eruptions of monogenetic volcanoes.  Hazards include near-vent tephra falls, ballistic projectiles, pyroclastic flows and lava flows that may travel up to 15 kilometers from the source.  The Regional Hazard Zone has a GRID CODE value of 2.
Distribution_Information:
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    This dataset has not been approved for release or publication by the Director of the USGS. The USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Distribution of the database files assumes that all components of the database will be used together.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Transfer_Size: 1.041
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20060815
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory
        Contact_Person: Steve Schilling
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1300 SE Cardinal Ct. Suite 100
        City: Vancouver
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98683
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360-993-8900
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 360-993-8980
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sschilli@usgs.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 9 am to 4 pm Pacific Time
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
