Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: S.P. Schilling
      Originator: S. Doelger
      Originator: W.E. Scott
      Originator: R.M. Iverson
      Originator: S.P. Schilling
      Originator: B.J. Fischer
      Publication_Date: 2007
      Title: Digital Data for Volcano Hazards of the Three Sisters Region, Oregon
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Vancouver, WA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-437/
  Description:
    Abstract:
      Three Sisters are one of three active volcanic centers that lie close to rapidly growing communities and resort areas in Central Oregon. The major composite volcanoes of this area are clustered near the center of the region and include South Sister, Middle Sister, and Broken Top.  Additionally, hundreds of mafic volcanoes are scattered throughout the Three Sisters area. These range from small cinder cones to large shield volcanoes like North Sister and Belknap Crater.
      The most probable and dangerous consequence of a future eruption would most likely be a lahar (fast mudflow) originating on the steep flanks of a composite volcano. The size and area affected by large volcanic debris flows can vary greatly. Scientists at the Cascade Volcano Observatory created a GIS data set which depicts proximal and distal lahar hazard zones as well as a regional lava flow hazard zone.  The various distal lahar zones were constructed from LAHARZ software using 20, 100, and 500 million cubic meter input flow volumes.   Additionally, scientists used the depositional history of past events in the Three Sisters Region as well as experience and judgment derived from the study of volcanoes to help construct the regional hazard zone.
    Purpose: These volcanic hazard zones are intended for use by public and private agencies to view, overlay with other Geographic Information System (GIS) data sets, and make maps of hazards from potential future eruptions of volcanoes in the Three Sisters region.  It is critical to understand the nature of the boundaries of the volcanic hazard zones.  Although arcs serve as boundaries of hazard zones, the degree of hazard does not change abruptly at these boundaries.  Rather, a volcanic hazard decreases gradually with increased distance from the volcano and above the valley floor.  These volcanic hazards also span a range of size and recurrence.  The hazard zones delineated in this data set portray events believed most likely from future activity of volcanoes in the Three Sisters region.  Areas outside the hazard zones, especially those having low relief, should not be regarded as hazard-free.  Too many uncertainties exist in source, size, and mobility of future events to locate boundaries of zero-hazard zones with confidence.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 1999
    Currentness_Reference: 1999
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.951759
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.200539
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.603093
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.565655
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: lahar
      Theme_Keyword: mudflow
      Theme_Keyword: hazard zone
      Theme_Keyword: composite volcano
      Theme_Keyword: debris flow
      Theme_Keyword: volcanic
      Theme_Keyword: GIS data
      Theme_Keyword: proximal hazard
      Theme_Keyword: distal hazard
      Theme_Keyword: hazard
      Theme_Keyword: lava flow
      Theme_Keyword: laharz
      Theme_Keyword: tephra
      Theme_Keyword: debris avalanche
      Theme_Keyword: pyroclastic flow
      Theme_Keyword: ballistic
      Theme_Keyword: recurrence
      Theme_Keyword: size
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: Three Sisters Region
      Place_Keyword: North Sister
      Place_Keyword: Middle Sister
      Place_Keyword: South Sister
      Place_Keyword: Broken Top
      Place_Keyword: Mount Washington
      Place_Keyword: Belknap Crater
      Place_Keyword: Mount Bachelor
      Place_Keyword: Cascade Range
      Place_Keyword: Oregon
      Place_Keyword: Sisters
      Place_Keyword: Bend
      Place_Keyword: USA
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Northwest
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints:
    Although digital data is easy to view at nearly any scale or projection, each
    vector data set has a compilation scale that determines the accuracy and
    reliable use of the data set.  The vectors in this data set were compiled and
    checked for accuracy at a scale of 1:100,000 and thereby should only be used
    at 1:100,000 or smaller scales.  The data set is inappropriate for use at
    scales larger than 1:100,000.  Doing so will produce inaccurate and
    unreliable results.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1300 SE Cardinal Ct. Suite 100
        City: Vancouver
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98683
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360-993-8900
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 360-993-8980
  Data_Set_Credit: The distal hazard zones were delineated by running the GIS software, LAHARZ. The model runs and compilation of the datasets were completed by USGS staff. Determination of hypothetical lahar volumes and field observations were provided by USGS scientists.
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification_System: none
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: none
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: W.E. Scott
      Originator: R.M. Iverson
      Originator: S.P. Schilling
      Originator: B.J. Fischer
      Publication_Date: 1999
      Title: Volcano Hazards in the Three Sisters Region, Oregon
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report
        Issue_Identification: 99-437
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Vancouver, WA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: S.P. Schilling
      Publication_Date: 1998
      Title: LAHARZ: GIS programs for automated delineation of lahar hazard zones
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report
        Issue_Identification: 98-638
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Vancouver, WA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: See Entity_Attribute_Information
    Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Value: See Explanation
      Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:
        The attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute
        defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Polygon and chain-node topology present.  Hazard zone polygons are
    logically consistent throughout coverage.
  Completeness_Report:
    This data set includes hazard zones that may be
    affected by volcanic processes during future eruptions of the North, Middle, or South Sister volcanoes.
    Additionally, this data set includes areas that could be impacted by potential activity of mafic volcanoes within the greater region.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        For the proximal and distal hazard zones, the horizontal accuracy was derived from underlying digital elevation models (best available).
        For the hand mapped regional hazard zone:
        Original linework were compiled on mylar greenlines of U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles created according to National Map Accuracy Standards.  Digitized linework were plotted, registered to original linework, and inspected visually for discrepency of greater than a linewidth (approximately 0.007 inches).  For computer modeling,  Digital Elevation Models having cell sizes of about 62 ground meters or about 2 millimeters on the map at 1:100,000 scale were derived from Digital Line Graph contour layers that were created according to National Map Accuracy Standards.  All linework was plotted with DLG contour layers to check for positional accuracy as are reasonable according to  geologic and hydrologic principles.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        For the distal and prozimal hazard zones, no Vertical positonal data were recorded

        For the regional hazard zone:
        1:100,000 scale Digital Line Graph (DLG) contours have contour intervals of
        either 50 or 40 meters as well as Digital Elevation Models have vertical
        accuracies according to the National Map Accuracy Standards.  All linework
        was plotted with DLG contour layers to check for positional accuracy
        as are reasonable according to geologic and hydrologic principles.
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The proximal and distal hazard zones were created using LAHARZ (Schilling, 1998) software that automatically delineates areas of potential inundation by future lahars.  We defined a range of flow volumes that bracketed the most likely future lahar volume(s) for the

        volcano from geologic information and field investigations.  Completed calculations for each

        drainage results in the creation of a grid for each volume and each drainage.    The

        calculations for each input flow volume produce a separate grid.  Each single grid is converted

        to a vector file for display.  The final vector files should be displayed as a set of nested,

        overlapping hazard zones to show the range of inundation areas derived from a range of possible

        lahars that, from smallest to largest, have increasing frequency and decreasing magnitude.
        Scientists at the CVO used observation, evidence and reasoning to create the Regional

        Lava Flow hazard zone which is based on the extent of other potentially active mafic volcanoes

        in the region.  Linework was captured by hand digitizing.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Digitizing procedures: Arcs were digitized in tablet inches from lines inked on
        1:24,000 or 1:100,000 scale topographic Mylar greenlines.  Each quadrangle was
        registered to the digitizer and re-registered to ensure that tics could be
        relocated with an RMS equal to or less than 0.004.  Lines were digitized using
        a NODESNAP CLOSEST .05 and a weed tolerance of 0.  A second coverage was
        CREATEd from the first.  In INFO, the tics were changed from inch coordinates
        to decimal degree coordinates and saved.  The decimal degree coordinate
        coverage was converted to a UTM projection using:
        INPUT
        PROJECTION GEOGRAPHIC
        UNITS DD
        PARAMETERS
        OUTPUT
        PROJECTION UTM
        UNITS METERS
        ZONE 10
        PARAMETERS
        END
        Each coverage in inches was TRANSFORMed to the empty UTM coverage ensuring
        the transformation RMS was equal or less than 0.004 inches.  The individual
        coverages were edgematched and merged into a single coverage.  Coverages
        were checked for digitizing accuracy both before and after merging by
        plotting linework at 1:24,000 or 1:100,000 scale as appropriate and
        overlain on original linework.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Metadata imported.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\DOCUME~1\sschilli\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml1B.tmp
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Metadata imported.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\DOCUME~1\sschilli\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml27.tmp
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3552
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1662
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1662
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 34
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator
        Transverse_Mercator:
          Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
          False_Easting: 500000.000000
          False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000256
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000256
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_Clarke_1866
      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: sis3haz.aat
      Entity_Type_Definition: Arc Attribute Table
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Computer modeling, experience, and interpretation
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FNODE#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the beginning of an arc (from-node).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: TNODE#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the end of an arc (to-node).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LPOLY#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the left polygon.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: RPOLY#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the right polygon.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LENGTH
      Attribute_Definition: Length of Arc in meters.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SIS3HAZ#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SIS3HAZ-ID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LCODE
      Attribute_Definition: Line code delineates boundary arcs for proximal, distal, and regional hazard zones
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Computer modeling, experience, and interpretation
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Arcs delineating the boundaries of the distal and regional hazard zones in the Three Sisters area.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 20
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Arcs delineating the boundary of the proximal hazard zone around North, Middle, and South Sister volcanoes.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: sis3haz.pat
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon Attribute Table
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Computer modelling, experience, and interpretation
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SIS3HAZ#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SIS3HAZ-ID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID-CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Attribute delineates the areas of every hazard zone polygon
      Attribute_Definition_Source:
        Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value
        Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value
        Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value
        Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value
        Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      SIS3HAZ.AAT - Arc Attribute Table
      FID, Shape, FNODE#, TNODE#, LPOLY#, RPOLY#, LENGTH, SIS3HAZ#, and SIS3HAZ-ID
      are created and maintained automatically for internal use by Arc/INFO
      software.
      LCODE is defined as having a width of 3, an output of 3, and as an integer value.  The attribute may have a positve integer value of 0 or 20.
      Arcs given the LCODE 0 delineate the boundaries of the distal and regional hazard zones in the Three Sisters area.
      Arcs given the LCODE 20 delineate the boundary of the proximal hazard zone around North, Middle, and South Sister volcanoes.

      SIS3HAZ.PAT - Polygon Attribute Table
      The attributes FID, Shape, AREA, PERIMETER, SIS3HAZ#, and SIS3HAZ-ID are created
      and maintained automatically for internal use by Arc/INFO software.
      GRID CODE is defined as having a width of 4 and an output of 8.
      Grid Code attributes define the types of different
      volcanic hazards and represent polygons that have been separated into proximal (near the
      volcanic edifice) and distal (more distant from edifice, primarily down
      major stream drainages) and Regional hazard zones.

      GRID CODE VALUE and DESCRIPTION
      0     No data.
      Proximal Hazard Zone -

      20     Represents the single proximal hazard zone around the Three Sisters volcanoes.  It is an area subject to rapidly moving, devastating pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, some of which could reach the hazard-zone boundary in less than a few minutes.  Areas are also subject to ballistic projectiles and lava flows.

      Distal hazard Zones - are valleys heading on high peaks in the Three Sisters region that are subject to lahars generated by pyroclastic flows and to debris avalanches/lahars originating on steep upper volcano flanks.  Distal hazard zones are subdivided into three nested zones on the basis of a range of hypothetical lahar volumes and associated ranges of lahar probability.

      7      20 million cubic meter hypothetical lahars

      8      100 million cubic meter hypothetical lahars

      9      500 million cubic meter hypothetical lahars

      Regional hazard zone -

      10     Represents the greater Three Sisters regional hazard area that could be affected by eruptions of mafic volcanoes.  Hazards include localized thick tephra fall, ballistics, and pyroclastic flows near vents.  Lava flows can travel up to 15 kilometers from vents.
Distribution_Information:
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    This dataset has not been approved for release or publication by the Director of the USGS. The USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Distribution of the database files assumes that all components of the database will be used together.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Transfer_Size: 1.744
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20060815
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory
        Contact_Person: CVO Staff
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1300 SE Cardinal Ct. Suite 100
        City: Vancouver
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98683
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360-993-8900
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 360-993-8980
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
