Digital Geologic Map of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California

Metadata also available as - [Parseable text]

Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

    Title:
    Digital Geologic Map of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California
    Abstract:
    This digital geologic map of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and vicinity, as well as its accompanying digital geophysical maps, are compiled at 1:100,000 scale. The map compilation presents new polygon (geologic map unit contacts), line (fault, fold axis, metamorphic isograd, dike, and caldera wall) and point (structural attitude) vector data for the NTS and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California. The map area covers two 30 x 60-minute quadrangles-the Pahute Mesa quadrangle to the north and the Beatty quadrangle to the south-plus a strip of 7.5-minute quadrangles on the east side-72 quadrangles in all. In addition to the NTS, the map area includes the rest of the southwest Nevada volcanic field, part of the Walker Lane, most of the Amargosa Desert, part of the Funeral and Grapevine Mountains, some of Death Valley, and the northern Spring Mountains. This geologic map improves on previous geologic mapping of the same area (Wahl and others, 1997) by providing new and updated Quaternary and bedrock geology, new geophysical interpretations of faults beneath the basins, and improved GIS coverages. Concurrent publications to this one include a new isostatic gravity map (Ponce and others, 1999) and a new aeromagnetic map (Ponce, 1999).
    Supplemental_Information:
    Related_Spacial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets:

    The following ARC/INFO coverages are related to the main database and are included with the data set.

    COVERAGE---------------TYPE-------------------DESCRIPTION

    NTS-BASE---------------LINE-------------------Vectorized scan of the Beatty, Pahute Mesa, and western 7.5-minutes of the Pahranagat Range and Indian Springs 1:100,000-scale USGS topo maps.

    NTS-BOUNDARY-----------LINE-------------------Boundary of the Nevada Test Site.

    R4-FAULTS-SYM----------LINE-------------------Offset indicators for faults (bars-and-balls, strike slip arrows).

    R4-FLT-TEXT------------POINT------------------Textpoint labels for fault names.

    R4-GPFLTS-SYM----------LINE-------------------Offset indicators for geophysically located structures (bars-and-balls, strike slip arrows).

    R4-FOLDS-SYM-----------LINE-------------------Fold sense indicators (anticline, syncline, and plunge arrows)

  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Slate, Janet L. , Berry, Margaret E. , Rowley, Peter D. , Fridrich, Christopher J. , Morgan, Karen S. , Workman, Jeremiah B. , Young, Owen D. , Dixon, Gary L. , Williams, Van S. , McKee, Edwin H. , Ponce, David A. , Hildenbrand, Thomas G. , Swadley, W C , Lundstrom, Scott C. , Ekren, E. Bartlett , Warren, Richard G. , Cole, James C. , Fleck, Robert J. , Lanphere, Marvin A. , Sawyer, David A. , Minor, Scott A. , Grunwald, Daniel J. , Laczniak, Randell J. , Menges, Christopher M. , Yount, James C. , and Jayko, Angela S. , 199912, Digital Geologic Map of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-554-A, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.000
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -115.875
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.500
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.500

  3. What does it look like?

    <http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-99-0554/ofr-99-0554-a.pdf> (PDF)
    graphical representation of map

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: Dec-1999
    Currentness_Reference: publication date

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a vector data set.

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 11
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 2.5
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 2.5
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    All coverages contain the standardized attributes for arcs and polygons assigned by ARC/INFO. For arcs these attributes are:

    COLUMN--ITEM_NAME----------WIDTH-----OUTPUT-----TYPE---#_DECIMALS

    1-------FNODE#---------------4----------5---------B---------\

    5-------TNODE#---------------4----------5---------B---------\

    9-------LPOLY#---------------4----------5---------B---------\

    13------RPOLY#---------------4----------5---------B---------\

    17------LENGTH---------------8---------18---------F---------5

    25------<cover>#-------------4----------5---------B---------\

    29------<cover>-ID-----------4----------5---------B---------\

    For polygons these attributes are:

    COLUMN--ITEM_NAME----------WIDTH-----OUTPUT-----TYPE---#_DECIMALS

    1-------AREA-----------------8---------18---------F---------5

    9-------PERIMETER------------8---------18---------F---------5

    17------<cover>#-------------4----------5---------B---------\

    21------<cover>-ID-----------4----------5---------B---------\

    The database consists of eight main coverages (and six related coverages; see Related_Spacial_and_Tabular_Datasets) which contain the folowing data:

    COVERAGE---------ENTITIES-----------DESCRIPTION

    R4-GEOLOGY-------LINES/POLYGONS-----Contains geologic contacts and unit labeled polygons. Line entities attributed with standard ARC/INFO attributes only. Polygon entities attributed with UNIT (unit symbol from description of map units in text) and SYMBOL (unit color value from alc1.shd shadeset).

    R4-META----------POLYGONS-----------Contains areal extent of metamorphism in bedrock. Attributed with INDEX (numerical code for polygons of metamorphism).

    R4-FAULTS--------LINES--------------Contains mapped fault lines. Line entities attributed with FSYMBOL (unique numerical code for each fault type), FSRCCODE (numerical code for description of fault exposure/source), and FTYPCODE (numerical code for type of fault).

    R4-GPFLTS--------LINES--------------Contains geologic structures identified by interpretation of gravity data. Line entities attributed with CODE (numerical code for structure type), LABEL (text item with structure name where appropriate), and INDEX (numerical code indicating whether structure has a value for LABEL).

    R4-TZONE---------LINES--------------Contains line indicating axial trace of a transverse zone located based upon several lines of evidence (see text). Line entity attributed with LABEL (text item labeling the transverse zone).

    R4-FOLDS---------LINES--------------Contains fold axes as line entities. Attributed with CODE (numerical code for fold exposure and type; anticline/syncline).

    R4-CALDERAS------LINES--------------Contains caldera walls as line entities. Attributed with CODE (numerical code for exposure type) and LABEL (text item with abbreviated name of caldera and wall type).

    R4-ATTITUDES-----LINES--------------Contains lines to graphically display bedding attitude symbols and dip values. Line entities have only standard ARC/INFO attributes.

    The attributes in the R4-GEOLOGY coverage are defined as: UNIT is a text string refering to the unit symbols used in the description of map units text provided with the map. SYMBOL is a number refering to author selected colors in the ARC/INFO shadeset alc1.shd available upon request.

    The attributes in the R4-META coverage are defined as: CODE = 0 for internal polygons of no metamorphism CODE = 1 for polygons of metamorphism

    The attributes in the R4-FAULTS coverage are defined as:

    FSYMBOL-FSRCCODE-FTYPCODE--DESCRIPTION

    1--------11-------70----solid fault; undifferentiated

    2--------12-------70----dashed fault; undifferentiated

    3--------13-------70----dotted fault; undifferentiated

    7--------11-------12----solid normal fault

    8--------12-------12----dashed normal fault

    9--------13-------12----dotted normal fault

    12-------11-------22----solid thrust fault

    13-------13-------22----dotted thrust fault

    14-------31-------70----solid fault; test reactivated

    16-------33-------70----dashed fault; test reactivated

    20-------31-------12----normal fault; test reactivated

    23-------11-------62----solid landslide

    28-------11-------32----solid low-angle normal fault

    29-------12-------32----dashed low-angle normal fault

    30-------13-------32----dotted low-angle normal fault

    31-------11-------42----solid rt-lateral fault

    33-------13-------42----dotted rt-lateral fault

    34-------11-------41----solid lft-lateral fault

    35-------12-------41----dashed lft-lateral fault

    36-------13-------41----dotted lft-lateral fault

    40-------11-------54----solid oblique rt-lateral flt

    41-------12-------54----dashed oblique rt-lateral flt

    42-------13-------54----dotted oblique rt-lateral flt

    46-------11-------53----solid oblique lft-lateral flt

    47-------12-------53----dashed oblique lft-lateral flt

    48-------13-------53----dotted oblique lft-lateral flt

    50-------21-------12----solid normal flt in Quaternary

    51-------21-------70----solid flt in Quaternary; undiff

    53-------41-------12----normal flt in Quaternary; test reactivated

    56-------51-------12----normal flt; test caused

    57-------51-------70----solid flt; undiff; test caused

    FSRCCODE values:

    11 -- well-located natural fault or slip-surface trace

    12 -- approximately located or inferred natural fault or slip-surface trace

    13 -- concealed natural fault or slip-surface trace

    21 -- natural fault that offsets Quaternary deposits

    31 -- well-located fault in bedrock that ruptured in response to nuclear testing; existence of fault known prior to nuclear test but reactivation occurred in response to testing

    32 -- approximately located or inferred fault in bedrock that ruptured in response to nuclear testing; existence of fault known prior to nuclear test but reactivation occurred in response to testing.

    41 -- fault in Quaternary deposits that ruptured in response to nuclear testing; existence of fault known prior to nuclear test but reactivation occurred in response to testing.

    51 -- fault first recognized on the basis of surface rupture due to nuclear testing; includes new ruptures in bedrock or Quaternary deposits resulting from test-induced reactivation of subsurface faults.

    FTYPCODE values:

    12 -- normal fault; down-to-right apparent offset

    22 -- thrust fault; upper plate on right side

    32 -- low-angle fault; (< 30 deg. dip); upper plate on right side

    41 -- strike-slip fault; left-lateral sense of movement

    42 -- strike-slip fault; right-lateral sense of movement

    53 -- oblique-slip fault; down-to-right; left-lateral sense of movement

    54 -- oblique-slip fault; down-to-right; right-lateral sense of movement

    62 -- landslide slip-surface trace; Tertiary(?) slide block on right side

    70 -- fault; displacement unspecified

    The attributes in the R4-GPFLTS coverage are defined as: CODE = 1 for well constrained buried structures/faults. CODE = 2 for poorly constrained buried structures/faults. CODE = 5 for geophysically defined lineament. INDEX = 0 for structures not to be labeled on the map. INDEX = 1 for structures to be labeled on the map. LABEL is a text string for the structure's name (if given).

    The attributes in the R4-TZONE coverage are defined as: LABEL is a text string for the structure's name.

    The attributes in the R4-FOLDS coverage are defined as: CODE = 1 for well located anticline axis. CODE = 2 for approximately located anticline axis. CODE = 3 for concealed anticline axis. CODE = 4 for well located syncline axis. CODE = 5 for approximately located syncline axis. CODE = 6 for concealed syncline axis.

    The attributes in the R4-CALDERAS coverage are defined as: CODE = 1 for well located caldera wall. CODE = 2 for approximately located caldera wall. CODE = 3 for concealed caldera wall. LABEL is a text string for the structure's name refering to the explanation of map symbols in the accompanying text.

    The attributes in the R4-ATTITUDES coverage are standard.

    Please refer to the ARC/INFO documentation for explanations of the standard attributes.

    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Jeremiah B. Workman
    U. S. Geological Survey
    Box 25046
    Denver, CO 80225
    U.S.A.

    303-236-1257 (voice)
    jworkman@usgs.gov


Why was the data set created?

The primary purpose of the three maps is to provide an updated geologic framework to aid development of hydrologic models for the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system study in support of the Department of Energy (DOE) activities at the NTS.


How was the data set created?

  1. Where did the data come from?

    American Geological Institute (1982) (source 1 of 199)
    Institute, American Geological , 1982, Grain-size scales used by American geologists, modified Wentworth scale, in Data sheets (2nd ed.): American Geological Institute sheet 17.1, American Geological Institute, Falls Church, VA.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: grain-size scale source

    Barnes and Christiansen (1967) (source 2 of 199)
    Barnes, Harley, and Christiansen, R.L., 1967, Cambrian and Precambrian rocks of the Groom District, southern Great Basin, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1244-G.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Barnes and others (1965) (source 3 of 199)
    Barnes, Harley, Christiansen, R.L., and Byers, F.M., Jr., 1965, Geologic map of the Jangle Ridge quadrangle, Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-363.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Barnes and others (1963) (source 4 of 199)
    Barnes, Harley, Houser, F.N., and Poole, F.G., 1963, Geologic map of the Oak Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-214.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Barnes and others (1982) (source 5 of 199)
    Barnes, Harley, Ekren, E.B., Rodgers, C.L., and Hedlund, D.C., 1982, Geologic and tectonic maps of the Mercury quadrangle, Nye and Clark Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1197.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Berry and Boucot (1970) (source 6 of 199)
    Berry, W.B.N., and Boucot, A.J., 1970, Correlation of the North American Silurian rocks: Geological Society of America Special Paper 102.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Best and others (1995) (source 7 of 199)
    Best, M.G., Christiansen, E.H., Deino, A.L., Gromme, C.S., and Tingey, D.G., 1995, Correlation and emplacement of a large, zoned, discontinuously exposed ash-flow sheet-The 40Ar/39Ar chronology, paleomagnetism, and petrology of the Pahranagat Formation, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 100, n. B12.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Best and others (1989) (source 8 of 199)
    Best, M.G., Christiansen, E.H., Deino, A.L., Gromme, C.S., McKee, E.H., and Noble, D.C., 1989, Excursion 3A-Eocene through Miocene volcanism in the Great Basin of the western United States: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir 47.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Blakely and Simpson (1986) (source 9 of 199)
    Blakely, R.J., and Simpson, R.W., 1986, Locating edges of source bodies from magnetic and gravity anomalies: Geophysics v. 51.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Bohannon (1984) (source 10 of 199)
    Bohannon, R.G., 1984, Nonmarine sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age in the Lake Mead region, southeastern Nevada and northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1259.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Brocher and others (1998) (source 11 of 199)
    Brocher, T.M., Hunter, W.C., and Langenheim, V.E., 1998, Implications of seismic reflection and potential field geophysical data on the structural framework of the Yucca Mountain-Crater Flat region, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 110.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Buesch and others (1996) (source 12 of 199)
    Buesch, D.C., Spengler, R.W., Moyer, T.C., and Geslin, J.K., 1996, Proposed stratigraphic nomenclature and macroscopic identification of lithostratigraphic units of the Paintbrush Group exposed at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 94-469.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Bull (1991) (source 13 of 199)
    Bull, W.B., 1991, Geomorphic responses to climatic change: Oxford University Press, New York, NY.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Burchfiel (1965) (source 14 of 199)
    Burchfiel, B.C., 1965, Structural geology of the Specter Range quadrangle, and its regional significance: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 76.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Burchfiel (1966) (source 15 of 199)
    Burchfiel, B.C., 1966, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Lathrop Wells 15-minute quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-474.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 62500
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Byers and Barnes (1967) (source 16 of 199)
    Byers, F.M., Jr., and Barnes, Harley, 1967, Geologic map of the Paiute Ridge quadrangle, Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-577.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Byers and Cummings (1967) (source 17 of 199)
    Byers, F.M., Jr., and Cummings, David, 1967, Geologic map of the Scrugham Peak quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-695.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Byers and others (1976a) (source 18 of 199)
    Byers, F.M., Jr., Carr, W.J., Christiansen, R.L., Lipman, P.W., Orkild, P.P., and Quinlivan, W.D., 1976, Geologic map of the Timber Mountain caldera area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-891.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Byers and others (1966) (source 19 of 199)
    Byers, F.M., Jr., Rogers, C.L., Carr, W.J., and Luft, S.J., 1966, Geologic map of the Buckboard Mesa quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-552.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Byers and others (1976b) (source 20 of 199)
    Byers, F.M., Jr., Carr, W.J., Orkild, P.P., Quinlivan, W.D., and Sargent, K.A., 1976, Volcanic suites and related cauldrons of Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera complex, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 919.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr and others (1996) (source 21 of 199)
    Carr, M.D., Sawyer, D.A., Nimz, Kathryn, Maldonado, Florian, and Swadley, W C, 1996, Digital bedrock geologic map database of the Beatty 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 96-291.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr and others (1986) (source 22 of 199)
    Carr, M.D., Waddell, S.J., Vick, G.S., Stock, J.M., Monsen, S.A., Harris, A.G., Cork, B.W., and Byers, F.M., Jr., 1986, Geology of drill hole UE25p#1-A test hole into pre-Tertiary rocks near Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 86-175.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr (1988) (source 23 of 199)
    Carr, W.J., 1988, Volcano-tectonic setting of Yucca Mountain and Crater Flat, southwestern Nevada, in Carr, M.D., and Yount, J.C., eds., Geologic and hydrologic investigations of a potential nuclear waste disposal site at Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1790.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr (1990) (source 24 of 199)
    Carr, W.J., 1990, Styles of extension in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Walker Lane belt, an integration of volcano-tectonic and detachment fault models, in Wernicke, B.P., ed., Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Memoir 176.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr and Parrish (1985) (source 25 of 199)
    Carr, W.J., and Parrish, L.D., 1985, Geology of drill hole USW VH-2, and structure of Crater Flat, southwestern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 85-475.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr and Quinlivan (1966) (source 26 of 199)
    Carr, W.J., and Quinlivan, W.D., 1966, Geologic map of the Timber Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-503.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr and others (1984) (source 27 of 199)
    Carr, W.J., Byers, F.J., Jr., and Orkild, P.P., 1984, Stratigraphic and volcano-tectonic relations of Crater Flat Tuff and some older volcanic units, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 84-114.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carr and others (1986) (source 28 of 199)
    Carr, W.J., Byers, F.J., Jr., and Orkild, P.P., 1986, Stratigraphic and volcano-tectonic relations of Crater Flat Tuff and some older volcanic units, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1323.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Carroll (1989) (source 29 of 199)
    Carroll, R.D., 1989, Density logging and density of rocks in Rainier Mesa area, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 89-329.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cashman and Trexler (1991) (source 30 of 199)
    Cashman, P.H., and Trexler, J.H., Jr., 1991, The Mississippian Antler foreland and continental margin in southern Nevada-The Eleana Formation reinterpreted, in Cooper, J.D., and Stevens, C.H., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography of the western United States II: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section v. 67.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cashman and Trexler (1994) (source 31 of 199)
    Cashman, P.H., and Trexler, J.H., Jr., 1994, The case for two coeval Mississippian sections at the Nevada Test Site, in McGill, S.F., and Ross, T.M., eds., Geologic investigations of an active margin: Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Guidebook 1994, Geological Society of America, San Bernadino, CA.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cemen and others (1985) (source 32 of 199)
    Cemen, Ibrahim, Wright, L.A., Drake, R.E., and Johnson, F.C., 1985, Cenozoic sedimentation and sequence of deformational events at the southeastern end of the Furnace Creek strike-slip fault zone, Death Valley region, California: Society for Economic Mineralogists and Paleontologists Special Publication 37.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Christiansen and Lipman (1965) (source 33 of 199)
    Christiansen, R.L., and Lipman, P.W., 1965, Geologic map of the Topopah Spring NW quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-444.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Christiansen and Noble (1968) (source 34 of 199)
    Christiansen, R.L., and Noble, D.C., 1968, Geologic map of the Trail Ridge quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-774.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Christiansen and others (1977) (source 35 of 199)
    Christiansen, R.L., Lipman, P.W., Carr, W.J., Byers, F.M., Jr., Orkild, P.P., and Sargent, K.A., 1977, Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera complex of southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 88.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Christiansen and others (1965) (source 36 of 199)
    Christiansen, R.L., Lipman, P.W., Orkild, P.P., and Byers, F.M., Jr., 1965, Structure of the Timber Mountain caldera, southern Nevada, and its relation to basin-range structure: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 525-B.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cole (1997) (source 37 of 199)
    Cole, J.C., 1997, Major structural controls on the distribution of pre-Tertiary rocks, Nevada Test Site vicinity, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-533.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cole and Cashman (1997) (source 38 of 199)
    Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1997, Geologic map of the Mine Mountain area, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-697.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cole and Cashman (1998) (source 39 of 199)
    Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1998, Geologic map of Paleozoic rocks in the Calico Hills, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 98-101.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cole and Cashman (1999) (source 40 of 199)
    Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1999, Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1607.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cole and others (1993) (source 41 of 199)
    Cole, J.C., Harris, A.G., Lanphere, M.A., Barker, C.E., and Warren, R.G., 1993, The case for pre-Middle Cretaceous extensional faulting in northern Yucca Flat, southwestern Nevada (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 25, n. 5.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Colton and McKay (1966) (source 42 of 199)
    Colton, R.B., and McKay, E.J., 1966, Geologic map of the Yucca Flat quadrangle, Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-582.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Colton and Noble (1967) (source 43 of 199)
    Colton, R.B., and Noble, D.C., 1967, Geologic map of the Groom Mine SW quadrangle, Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-719.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Connors and others (1998) (source 44 of 199)
    Connors, K.A., Weiss, S.I., and Noble, D.C., 1998, Geologic map of the northeastern Bullfrog Hills and vicinity, southern Nye County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 112.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cordell and McCafferty (1989) (source 45 of 199)
    Cordell, Lindrith, and McCafferty, A.E., 1989, A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential-field data: Geophysics v. 54.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Cornwall and Kleinhampl (1961) (source 46 of 199)
    Cornwall, H.R., and Kleinhampl, F.J., 1961, Geologic map of the Bare Mountain quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-157.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 62500
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Crowe and others (1995) (source 47 of 199)
    Crowe, B.M., Perry, F.V., Geissman, J., McFadden, L.D., Wells, S.G., Murrell, M., Poths., J., Valentine, G.A., Bowker, L., and Finnegan, K., 1995, Status of volcanism studies for the Yucca Mountain site characterization project: Los Alamos National Laboratories Report LA-12908-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    D'Agnese and Faunt (1999) (source 48 of 199)
    D'Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C.C., 1999, The Death Valley regional ground-water flow system (DVRFS) model-Calibration versus hydrogeologic conceptual model testing, in Slate, J.L., ed., Proceedings of Conference on Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National Park, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 9-11, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-153.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Day and others (1998) (source 49 of 199)
    Day, W.C., Dickerson, R.P., Potter, C.J., Sweetkind, D.S., San Juan, C.A., Drake, R.M., II, and Fridrich, and C.J., 1998, Bedrock geologic map of the Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2627.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 124000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Day and others (1998) (source 50 of 199)
    Day, W.C., Potter, C.J., Sweetkind, Donald, Dickerson, R.P., and San Juan, C.A., 1998, Bedrock geologic map of the central block area, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2601.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 6000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Deino and Best (1988) (source 51 of 199)
    Deino, A.L., and Best, M.G., 1988, Use of high-precision single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar ages and TRM data in correlation of an ash-flow deposit in the Great Basin (abs.): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 20, n. 7.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Dickerson and others (1997) (source 52 of 199)
    Dickerson, R.P., Drake, R.M., and Technologies, Pacific Western , 1997, Geologic map of the Paintbrush Canyon area, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-783.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 6000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Dickerson and others (1995) (source 53 of 199)
    Dickerson, R.P., Drake, R.M., and II, 1995, Source of the rhyolite of Comb Peak, southwest Nevada volcanic field: Geological Survey of America Abstracts with Programs v. 27, n. 4.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Ekren and Sargent (1965) (source 54 of 199)
    Ekren, E.B., and Sargent, K.A., 1965, Geologic map of the Skull Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-387.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Ekren and others (1966) (source 55 of 199)
    Ekren, E.B., Anderson, R.E., Orkild, P.P., and Hinrichs, E.N., 1966, Geologic map of the Silent Butte quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-493.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Ekren and others (1971) (source 56 of 199)
    Ekren, E.B., Anderson, R.E., Rogers, C.L., and Noble, D.C., 1971, Geology of northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 651.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Faulds and others (1994) (source 57 of 199)
    Faulds, J.E., Bell, J.W., Feuerbach, D.L., and Ramelli, A.R., 1994, Geologic map of the Crater Flat area, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 101.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Faunt and others (1999) (source 58 of 199)
    Faunt, C.C., Belcher, W.R., and D'Agnese, F.A., 1999, Using geologic data for a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model of the Death Valley region, in Slate, J.L., ed., Proceedings of Conference on Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National Park, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 9-11, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-153.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Ferguson and others (1994) (source 59 of 199)
    Ferguson, J.F., Cogbill, A.H., and Warren, R.G., 1994, A geophysical-geological transect of the Silent Canyon caldera complex, Pahute Mesa, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 99, n. B3.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Fleck (1970) (source 60 of 199)
    Fleck, R.J., 1970, Tectonic style, magnitude, and age of deformation in the Sevier orogenic belt in southern Nevada and southeastern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 81.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Fleck and others (1996) (source 61 of 199)
    Fleck, R.J., Turrin, B.D., Sawyer, D.A., Warren, R.G., Champion, D.E., Hudson, M.R., and Minor, S.A., 1996, Age and character of basaltic rocks of the Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 101, n. B4.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Fridrich (1999) (source 62 of 199)
    Fridrich, C.J., 1999, Tectonic evolution of the Crater Flat basin, Yucca Mountain region, Nevada, in Wright, L.A., and Troxel, B.W., eds., Cenozoic basins of the Death Valley region: Geological Society of America Special Paper 333.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Fridrich and others (1994) (source 63 of 199)
    Fridrich, C.J., Orkild, P.P., Murray, M., and Scott, R.B., 1994, Preliminary geologic map of the East of Beatty Mountain quadrangle, Nye Co., Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 94-530.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Fridrich and others (1999) (source 64 of 199)
    Fridrich, C.J., Ryder, P.L., Hildenbrand, Thomas, Minor, S.A., Warren, R.G., Sawyer, D.A., and Orkild, P.P., 1999, Geologic map of the Oasis Valley basin and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-???.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Fridrich and others (1999) (source 65 of 199)
    Fridrich, C.J., Whitney, J.W., Hudson, M.R., and Crowe, B.M., 1999, Late Cenozoic extension, vertical-axis rotation, and volcanism in the Crater Flat basin, southwest Nevada, in Wright, L.A., and Troxel, B.W., eds., Cenozoic basins of the Death Valley region: Geological Society of America Special Paper 333.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Frizzell and Shulters (1990) (source 66 of 199)
    Frizzell, V.A., Jr., and Shulters, Jacqueline, 1990, Geologic map of the Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2046.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Gibbons and others (1963) (source 67 of 199)
    Gibbons, A.B., Hinrichs, E.N., Hansen, W.R., and Lemke, R.W., 1963, Geology of the Rainier Mesa quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-215.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Gile and others (1966) (source 68 of 199)
    Gile, L.H., Peterson, F.F., and Grossman, R.B., 1966, Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils: Soil Science v. 101.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Gordon and Poole (1968) (source 69 of 199)
    Gordon, M., Jr., and Poole, F.G., 1968, Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in southwestern Nevada and southeastern California, p. 157-168, in Eckel, E.B., ed., Nevada Test Site: Geological Society of America Memoir 110.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Grauch and Cordell (1987) (source 70 of 199)
    Grauch, V.J.S., and Cordell, Lindrith, 1987, Limitations of determining density and magnetic boundaries from the horizontal gradient and pseudogravity data: Geophysics v. 52.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Grauch and others (1997) (source 71 of 199)
    Grauch, V.J.S., Sawyer, D.A., Fridrich, C.J., and Hudson, M.R., 1997, Geophysical interpretations west of and within the northwestern part of the Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-476.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hansen and others (1963) (source 72 of 199)
    Hansen, W.R., Lemke, R.W., Cattermole, J.M., and Gibbons, A.B., 1963, Stratigraphy and structure of the Rainier and USGS tunnel areas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 382-A.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hausback and others (1990) (source 73 of 199)
    Hausback, B.P., Deino, A.L., Turrin, B.T., McKee, E.H., Frizzell, V.A., Jr., Noble, D.C., and Weiss, S.I., 1990, New 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Spearhead and Civet Cat Canyon Members of the Stonewall Flat Tuff, Nye County, Nevada-Evidence for systematic errors in standard K-Ar age determinations on sanidine: Isochron/West no. 56.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hay and others (1986) (source 74 of 199)
    Hay, R.L., Pexton, R.E., Teague, T.T., and Kyser, T.K., 1986, Spring-related carbonate rocks, Mg clays, and associated minerals in Pliocene deposits of the Amargosa Desert, Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 97.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Heizler and others (1999) (source 75 of 199)
    Heizler, M.T., Perry, F.V., Crowe, B.M., Peters, Lisa, and Appelt, Robert, 1999, The age of Lathrop Wells volcanic center-An 40Ar/39Ar dating investigation: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 104, n. B1.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hildenbrand and others (1999) (source 76 of 199)
    Hildenbrand, T.G., Langenheim, V.E., Mankinen, E.A., and McKee, E.H., 1999, Inversion of gravity data to define the pre-Tertiary surface and structures possibly influencing regional ground-water flow in the Pahute Mesa-Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-???.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hinrichs (1968) (source 77 of 199)
    Hinrichs, E.N., 1968, Geologic map of the Camp Desert Rock quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-726.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hinrichs and McKay (1965) (source 78 of 199)
    Hinrichs, E.N., and McKay, E.J., 1965, Geologic map of the Plutonium Valley quadrangle, Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-384.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hinrichs and others (1967) (source 79 of 199)
    Hinrichs, E.N., Krushensky, R.D., and Luft, S.J., 1967, Geologic map of the Ammonia Tanks quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-638.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hoisch and Simpson (1993) (source 80 of 199)
    Hoisch, T.D., and Simpson, Carol, 1993, Rise and tilt of metamorphic rocks in the lower plate of a detachment fault in the Funeral Mountains, Death Valley, California: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 98, n. B4.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Houser and Poole (1960) (source 81 of 199)
    Houser, F.N., and Poole, F.G., 1960, Preliminary geologic map of the Climax stock and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-328.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 5000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hudson (1997) (source 82 of 199)
    Hudson, M.R., 1997, Structural geology of the French Peak accommodation zone, Nevada Test Site, southwestern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-56.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hudson and others (1994) (source 83 of 199)
    Hudson, M.R., Sawyer, D.A., and Warren, D.A., 1994, Paleomagnetism and rotation constraints for the middle Miocene southwestern Nevada volcanic field: Tectonics v. 13.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Hunt and D.R. (1966) (source 84 of 199)
    Hunt, C.B. and Mabey, and D.R., 1966, Stratigraphy and structure, Death Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 494-A.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 96000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Izett (1982) (source 85 of 199)
    Izett, G.A., 1982, The Bishop ash bed and some older compositionally similar ash beds in California, Nevada, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 82-582.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Jayko (1990) (source 86 of 199)
    Jayko, A.S., 1990, Shallow crustal deformation in the Pahranagat area, southern Nevada, in Wernicke, B.P., ed., Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Memoir 176.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Johnson and others (1988) (source 87 of 199)
    Johnson, J.G., Sandberg, C.A., and Poole, F.G., 1988, Early and Middle Devonian paleogeography of Western United States, in McMillan, N.J., Emory, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World: Canadian Society of Petrol. Geologists Memoir 14, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Canada.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Kane and others (1981) (source 88 of 199)
    Kane, M.F., Webring, M.W., and Bhattacharyya, B.K., 1981, A preliminary analysis of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Timber Mountain area, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 81-189.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Knott and others (1999) (source 89 of 199)
    Knott, J.R., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Klinger, R.E., Tinsley, J.C., III, and Troxel, B.W., 1999, Late Cenozoic tephrochronology of Death Valley, California-New insights into stratigraphy, paleogeography, and tectonics, in Slate, J.L., ed., Proceedings of Conference on Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National Park, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 9-11, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-153.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Laczniak and others (1996) (source 90 of 199)
    Laczniak, R.J., Cole, J.C., Sawyer, D.A., and Trudeau, D.A., 1996, Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4109.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Leahy and Lyttle (1998) (source 91 of 199)
    Leahy, P.P., and Lyttle, P.T., 1998, The re-emerging and critical role of geologic understanding in hydrogeology, in Brahana, J.V., Eckstein, Yoram, Ongley, L.K., Schneider, Robert, and Moore, J.E., eds., Gambling with groundwater-Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of aquifer-stream relations: American Institute of Hydrology, St. Paul, MN.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Le Bas and others (1986) (source 92 of 199)
    Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Strecheisen, A., and Zenettin, B., 1986, A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram: Journal of Petrology v. 27.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Lipman (1997) (source 93 of 199)
    Lipman, P.W., 1997, Subsidence of ash-flow calderas-Relation to caldera size and magma chamber geometry: Bulletin Volcanologique v. 59.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Lipman and McKay (1965) (source 94 of 199)
    Lipman, P.W., and McKay, E.J., 1965, Geologic map of the Topopah Spring SW quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-439.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Lipman and others (1966) (source 95 of 199)
    Lipman, P.W., Quinlivan, W.D., Carr, W.J., and Anderson, R.E., 1966, Geologic map of the Thirsty Canyon SE quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-489.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Lowenstein and others (1999) (source 96 of 199)
    Lowenstein, T.K., Li, J., Brown, C.B., Roberts, S.M., Ku, T.-L., Luo, S., and Yang, W., 1999, 200 k.y. paleoclimate record from Death Valley salt core: Geology v. 27.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Luft (1964) (source 97 of 199)
    Luft, S.J., 1964, Mafic lavas of Dome Mountain, Timber Mountain caldera, southern Nevada, in Geological Survey Research 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-D.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Lundstrom and others (1998) (source 98 of 199)
    Lundstrom, S.C., Paces, J.B., and Mahan, S.A., 1998, Late Quaternary history of Fortymile Wash near Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 98-578.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Lundstrom and Warren (1994) (source 99 of 199)
    Lundstrom, S.C., and Warren, R.G., 1994, Late Cenozoic evolution of Fortymile Wash-Major change in drainage pattern in the Yucca Mountain, Nevada region during Late Miocene volcanism: High level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management Las Vegas, NV, May 22-26.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Maldonado (1985) (source 100 of 199)
    Maldonado, Florian, 1985, Geologic map of the Jackass Flats area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1519.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Maldonado (1990) (source 101 of 199)
    Maldonado, Florian, 1990, Geologic map of the northwest quarter of the Bullfrog 15-minute quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1985.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Maldonado and Hausback (1990) (source 102 of 199)
    Maldonado, Florian, and Hausback, B.P., 1990, Geologic map of the northeast quarter of the Bullfrog 15-minute quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2049.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Mankinen and others (1998) (source 103 of 199)
    Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Roberts, C.W., and Davidson, J.G., 1998, Principal facts for new gravity stations in the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 98-498.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Mankinen and others (1999) (source 104 of 199)
    Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Dixon, G.L., McKee, E.H., Fridrich, C.J., and Laczniak, R.J., 1999, Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-303.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Marvin and others (1970) (source 105 of 199)
    Marvin, R.F., Byers, F.M., Jr., Mehnert, H.H., Orkild, P.P., and Stern, T.W., 1970, Radiometric ages and stratigraphic sequence of volcanic and plutonic rocks, southern Nye and western Lincoln Counties, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 81.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Marvin and others (1989) (source 106 of 199)
    Marvin, R.F., Mehnert, H.H., and Naeser, C.W., 1989, U.S. Geological Survey radiometric ages-Compilation "C", Part three: California and Nevada: Isochron/West no. 52.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McAllister (1970) (source 107 of 199)
    McAllister, J.F., 1970, Geology of the Furnace Creek borate area, Death Valley, Inyo County, California: California Division of Mines and Geology Map Sheet 14.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McAllister (1973) (source 108 of 199)
    McAllister, J.F., 1973, Geologic map and sections of the Amargosa Valley borate area-southwest continuation of the Furnace Creek area, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-782.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McAllister (1974) (source 109 of 199)
    McAllister, J.F., 1974, Silurian, Devonian, and Mississippian formations of the Funeral Mountains in the Ryan quadrangle, Death Valley region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin v. 1386.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McCafferty and Grauch (1997) (source 110 of 199)
    McCafferty, A.E., and Grauch, V.J.S., 1997, Aeromagnetic and gravity anomaly maps of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP-1015.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McKay and Sargent (1970) (source 111 of 199)
    McKay, E.J., and Sargent, K.A., 1970, Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-883.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McKay and Williams (1964) (source 112 of 199)
    McKay, E.J., and Williams, W.P., 1964, Geology of the Jackass Flats quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-368.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McKee (1983) (source 113 of 199)
    McKee, E.H., 1983, Reset K-Ar ages-Evidence for three metamorphic core complexes, western Nevada: Isochron/West no. 38.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McKee and others (1998) (source 114 of 199)
    McKee, E.H., Wickham, T.A., and Wheeler, K.L., 1998, Evaluation of faults and their effect on ground-water flow southwest of Frenchman Flat, Nye and Clark Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 98-580.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McKee and others (1999) (source 115 of 199)
    McKee, E.H., Hildenbrand, T.G., Anderson, M.L., and Rowley, P.D., 1999, Caldera structural framework for a hydrostratigraphic model, Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-???.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    McKeown and others (1976) (source 116 of 199)
    McKeown, F.A., Healey, D.L., and Miller, C.H., 1976, Geologic map of the Yucca Lake quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1327.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Miller (1976) (source 117 of 199)
    Miller, R.H., 1976, Revision of Upper Ordovician, Silurian, and Lower Devonian stratigraphy, southwestern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 87.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Miller (1989) (source 118 of 199)
    Miller, R.P., 1989, Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian depositional facies and paleogeographic significance of a mixed-clastic outer-shelf-to-basin sequence, east-central California and western Nevada: M.S. thesis unpublished, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Minor and others (1997) (source 119 of 199)
    Minor, S.A., Orkild, P.P., Swadley, W C, Warren, R.G., and Workman, J.B., 1997, Preliminary digital geologic map of the Springdale quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-93.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Minor and others (1998) (source 120 of 199)
    Minor, S.A., Orkild, P.P., Sargent, K.A., Warren, R.G., Sawyer, D.A., and Workman, J.B., 1998, Digital geologic map of the Thirsty Canyon NW quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 98-623.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Minor and others (1993) (source 121 of 199)
    Minor, S.A., Sawyer, D.A., Wahl, R.R., Frizzell, V.A., Jr., Schilling, S.P., Warren, R.G., Orkild, P.P., Coe, J.A., Hudson, M.R., Fleck, R.J., Lanphere, M.A., Swadley, W C, and Cole, J.C., 1993, Preliminary geologic map of the Pahute Mesa 30' x 60' quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 93-299.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Monsen and others (1992) (source 122 of 199)
    Monsen, S.A., Carr, M.D., Reheis, M.C., and Orkild, P.P., 1992, Geologic map of Bare Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2201.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Moyer and Geslin (1995) (source 123 of 199)
    Moyer, T.C., and Geslin, J.K., 1995, Litho stratigraphy of the Calico Hills Formation and the Prow Pass Tuff (Crater Flat Group) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 94-460.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Moyer and others (1996) (source 124 of 199)
    Moyer, T.C., Geslin, J.K., and Flint, L.E., 1996, Stratigraphic relations and hydrologic properties of the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn) hydrologic unit, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 95-397.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Munsell Color Company (1988) (source 125 of 199)
    Munsell Color Company, Inc., 1988, Munsell soil color charts: Munsell, Baltimore, MD.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: rock color index reference

    Naeser and Maldonado (1981) (source 126 of 199)
    Naeser, C.W., and Maldonado, Florian, 1981, Fission-track dating of the Climax and Gold Meadows stocks, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1199-E.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Noble and Christiansen (1968) (source 127 of 199)
    Noble, D.C., and Christiansen, R.L., 1968, Geologic map of the southwest quarter of the Black Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-562.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Noble and others (1967) (source 128 of 199)
    Noble, D.C., Krushensky, R.D., McKay, E.J., and Ege, J.R., 1967, Geologic map of the Dead Horse Flat quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-614.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Noble and others (1968) (source 129 of 199)
    Noble, D.C., Sargent, K.A., Mehnert, H.H., Ekren, E.B., and Byers, F.M., Jr., 1968, Silent Canyon volcanic center, Nye County, Nevada, in Eckel, E.B., ed., Nevada Test Site: Geological Society of America Memoir 110.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Noble and others (1984) (source 130 of 199)
    Noble, D.C., Vogel, T.A., Weiss, S.I., Erwin, J.W., McKee, E.H., and Younker, L.W., 1984, Stratigraphic relations and source areas of ash-flow sheets of the Black Mountain and Stonewall Mountain volcanic centers, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 89, n. B10.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Noble and others (1991) (source 131 of 199)
    Noble, D.C., Weiss, S.I., and McKee, E.H., 1991, Magmatic and hydrothermal activity, caldera geology, and regional extension in the western part of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field, in Raines, G.L., Lisle, R.E., Schafer, R.W., and Wilkinson, W.H., eds., Geology and ore deposits of the Great Basin, Symposium Proceedings: Geological Society of Nevada, Reno, NV.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    O'Conner and others (1966) (source 132 of 199)
    O'Conner, J.T., Anderson, R.E., and Lipman, P.W., 1966, Geologic map of the Thirsty Canyon quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-524.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Orkild (1963) (source 133 of 199)
    Orkild, P.P., 1963, Geologic map of the Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-213.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Orkild (1968) (source 134 of 199)
    Orkild, P.P., 1968, Geologic map of the Mine Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-746.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Orkild and O'Connor (1970) (source 135 of 199)
    Orkild, P.P., and O'Connor, J.T., 1970, Geologic map of the Tonopah Spring Quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-849.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Orkild and others (1968) (source 136 of 199)
    Orkild, P.P., Byers, F.M., Jr., Hoover, D.L., and Sargent, K.A., 1968, Subsurface geology of Silent Canyon caldera, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: Geological Society of America Memoir 110.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Orkild and others (1969) (source 137 of 199)
    Orkild, P.P., Sargent, K.A., and Snyder, R.P., 1969, Geologic map of Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-567.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Phelps and others (1999) (source 138 of 199)
    Phelps, G.A., Langenheim, V.E., and Jachens, R.C., 1999, Thickness of Cenozoic deposits of Yucca Flat inferred from gravity data, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-310.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Ponce (1999) (source 139 of 199)
    Ponce, D.A., 1999, Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-554-B.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution: concurrently published map

    Ponce and others (1999) (source 140 of 199)
    Ponce, D.A., Mankinen, E.A., Davidson, J.G., Morin, R.L., and Blakely, R.J., 1999, Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-554-C.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution: concurrently published map

    Poole (1965) (source 141 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., 1965, Geologic map of the Frenchman Flat quadrangle, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Quadrangle Map GQ-456.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and Christiansen (1966) (source 142 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., and Christiansen, R.L., 1966, Ely Springs Dolomite in southern Great Basin, in Abstracts for 1965: Geological Society of America Special Paper 87.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and Claypool (1984) (source 143 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., and Claypool, G.E., 1984, Petroleum source-rock potential and crude-oil correlation in the Great Basin, in Woodward, Jane, Meissner, F.F., and Clayton, J.L., eds., Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of the Greater Rocky Mountain Region: Rockey Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, CO.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and Sandberg (1977) (source 144 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., and Sandberg, C.A., 1977, Mississippian paleogeography and tectonics of the western United States, in Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C.H., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography of the western United States, Pacific Coast paleogeography symposium 1: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Tulsa, OK.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and Sandberg (1991) (source 145 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., and Sandberg, C.A., 1991, Mississippian paleogeography and conodont biostratigraphy of the western United States, in Cooper, J.D., and Stevens, C.H., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography of the western United States-II: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Tulsa, OK.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and others (1965) (source 146 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., Carr, W.J., and Elston, D.P., 1965, Salyer and Wahmonie Formations of southeastern Nye County, Nevada, in Cohee, G.V., and West, W.S., Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1224-A.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and others (1965) (source 147 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., Elston, D.P., and Carr, W.J., 1965, Geologic map of the Cane Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-455.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and others (1961) (source 148 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., Houser, F.N., and Orkild, P.P., 1961, Eleana Formation of Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-D.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and others (1965) (source 149 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., Orkild, P.P., Gordon, M., Jr., and Duncan, H., 1965, Age of the Eleana Formation (Devonian and Mississippian) in the Nevada Test Site, in Cohee, G.V., and West, W.S., eds., Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1224-A.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Poole and others (1992) (source 150 of 199)
    Poole, F.G., Stewart, J.H., Palmer, A.R., Sandberg, C.A., Madrid, R.J., Ross, R.J., Jr., Hintz, L.F., Miller, M.M., and Wrucke, C.T., 1992, Latest Precambrian to latest Devonian time; Development of a continental margin: Geology of North America v. G-3, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Reynolds (1969) (source 151 of 199)
    Reynolds, M.W., 1969, Stratigraphy and structural geology of the Titus and Titanothere Canyons area, Death Valley, California: Ph.D. dissertation unpublished, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rogers and Noble (1969) (source 152 of 199)
    Rogers, C.L., and Noble, D.C., 1969, Geologic map of the Oak Spring Butte quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-822.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rogers and others (1967) (source 153 of 199)
    Rogers, C.L., Anderson, R.E., Ekren, E.B., and O'Connor, J.T., 1967, Geologic map of the Quartzite Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-672.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rogers and others (1968) (source 154 of 199)
    Rogers, C.L., Ekren, E.B., Noble, D.C., and Weir, J.E., 1968, Geologic map of the northern half of the Black Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-545.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 62500
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rosenbaum and Snyder (1984) (source 155 of 199)
    Rosenbaum, J.G., and Snyder, D.B., 1984, Preliminary interpretation of paleomagnetic and magnetic property data from drill holes USW G-1, G-2, GU-3, G-3, and VH-1, and surface localities in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 85-49.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rowley (1998) (source 156 of 199)
    Rowley, P.D., 1998, Cenozoic transverse zones and igneous belts in the Great Basin, western United States-Their tectonic and economic implications, in Faulds, J.E., and Stewart, J.H., eds., Accommodation zones and transfer zones-The regional segmentation of the Basin and Range province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 323.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rowley and others (1998) (source 157 of 199)
    Rowley, P.D., Dixon, G.L., and Trudeau, D.A., 1998, Use of geologic mapping to track ground-water flow-Lessons from a USGS project in Nevada (abs.), in Joint AIH/IAH conference program, Gambling with groundwater-Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of aquifer-stream relations.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Rowley and others (1999) (source 158 of 199)
    Rowley, P.D., Workman, J.B., Dixon, G.L., Slate, J.L., Morgan, K.S., Ekren, E.B., Ponce, D.A., Page, W.R., Kuntz, M.A., and Trudeau, D.A., 1999, Regional geologic maps of the Nevada Test Site and Death Valley ground-water flow system-The starting points for ground-water studies, in Slate, J.L., ed., Proceedings of Conference on Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National Park, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 9-11, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-153.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sandberg and others (1988) (source 159 of 199)
    Sandberg, C.A., Poole, F.G., and Johnson, J.G., 1988, Upper Devonian of Western United States, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World: Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol. Memoir 14, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Canada.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sargent and Orkild (1973) (source 160 of 199)
    Sargent, K.A., and Orkild, P.P., 1973, Geologic map of the Wheelbarrow Peak-Rainier Mesa area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-754.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sargent and Orkild (1976) (source 161 of 199)
    Sargent, K.A., and Orkild, P.P., 1976, Preliminary geologic map of the northwest quarter of the Springdale quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-751.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sargent and Stewart (1971) (source 162 of 199)
    Sargent, K.A., and Stewart, J.H., 1971, Geologic map of the Specter Range NW quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-884.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sargent and others (1970) (source 163 of 199)
    Sargent, K.A., McKay, E.J., and Burchfiel, B.C., 1970, Geologic map of the Striped Hills quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-882.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sargent and others (1965) (source 164 of 199)
    Sargent, K.A., Noble, D.C., and Ekren, E.B., 1965, Belted Range Tuff of Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada, in Cohee, G.V., and West, W.S., eds., Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1224-A.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sargent and others (1966) (source 165 of 199)
    Sargent, K.A., Luft, S.J., Gibbons, A.B., and Hoover, D.L., 1966, Geologic map of the Quartet Dome quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-496.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sawyer and Sargent (1989) (source 166 of 199)
    Sawyer, D.A., and Sargent, K.A., 1989, Petrologic evolution of divergent peralkaline magmas from the Silent Canyon caldera complex, southwestern Nevada volcanic field: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 94, n. B5.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Sawyer and others (1994) (source 167 of 199)
    Sawyer, D.A., Fleck, R.J., Lanphere, M.A., Warren, R.G., Broxton, D.E., and Hudson, M.R., 1994, Episodic caldera volcanism in the Miocene southwestern Nevada volcanic field-Revised stratigraphic framework, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and implications for magmatism and extension: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 106.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Schenkel and others (1999) (source 168 of 199)
    Schenkel, C.J., Hildenbrand, T.J., and Dixon, G.L., 1999, Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-???.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Scott (1990) (source 169 of 199)
    Scott, R.B., 1990, Tectonic setting of Yucca Mountain, southwest Nevada, in Wernicke, B.P., ed., Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Memoir 176.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Scott and Bonk (1984) (source 170 of 199)
    Scott, R.B., and Bonk, Jerry, 1984, Preliminary geologic map of Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada, with geologic sections: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 84-494.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Slate and Berry (1999) (source 171 of 199)
    Slate, J.L., and Berry, M.E., 1999, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Beatty 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Nevada-California, in Slate, J.L., ed., Proceedings of Conference on Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National Park, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 9-11, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 99-153.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Snyder and Carr (1984) (source 172 of 199)
    Snyder, D.B., and Carr, W.J., 1984, Interpretation of gravity data in a complex volcano-tectonic setting, southwestern Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 89, n. B12.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Soil Survey Division Staff (1993) (source 173 of 199)
    Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993, Soil Survey Manual: U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Steiger and Jager (1977) (source 174 of 199)
    Steiger, R.H., and Jager, E., 1977, Subcommission on geochronology-Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology: Earth and Planetary Science Letters v. 36.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Stevens and others (1996) (source 175 of 199)
    Stevens, C.H., Klingman, D.S., Sandberg, C.A., Stone, Paul, Belasky, Paul, Poole, F.G., and Snow, J.K., 1996, Mississippian stratigraphic framework of east-central California and southern Nevada with revision of Upper Devonian and Mississippian stratigraphic units in Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1988-J.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Stock and Bode (1935) (source 176 of 199)
    Stock, Chester, and Bode, F.D., 1935, Occurrence of lower Oligocene mammal-bearing beds near Death Valley, California: National Academy of Sciences Proceedings v. 21.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Streckeisen (1976) (source 177 of 199)
    Streckeisen, A.L., 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth Science Reviews v. 12.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley (1983) (source 178 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, 1983, Map showing surficial geology of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1361.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Carr (1987) (source 179 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Carr, W.J., 1987, Geologic map of the Quaternary and Tertiary deposits of the Big Dune quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1767.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Hoover (1989) (source 180 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Hoover, D.L., 1989, Geologic map of the surficial deposits of the Jackass Flats quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1994.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Hoover (1989) (source 181 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Hoover, D.L., 1989, Geologic map of the surficial deposits of the Topopah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2018.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Hoover (1990) (source 182 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Hoover, D.L., 1990, Geologic map of the surficial deposits of the Yucca Flat area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2047.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Huckins (1989) (source 183 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Huckins, H.E., 1989, Surficial geologic map of the Specter Range NW quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1884.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Huckins (1990) (source 184 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Huckins, H.E., 1990, Surficial geologic map of the Skull Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1972.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Swadley and Parrish (1988) (source 185 of 199)
    Swadley, W C, and Parrish, L.D., 1988, Surficial geologic map of the Bare Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1826.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Topping (1993) (source 186 of 199)
    Topping, D.J., 1993, Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Death Valley extended region-Evidence from Miocene large rock-avalanche deposits in the Amargosa Chaos Basin, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 105.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Trexler and others (1996) (source 187 of 199)
    Trexler, J.H., Jr., Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1996, Middle Devonian-Mississippian stratigraphy on and near the Nevada Test Site-Implications for hydrocarbon potential: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin v. 80.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Trexler and others (1996) (source 188 of 199)
    Trexler, J.H., Jr., Snyder, W.S., Cole, J.C., and Ritter, S.M., 1996, Tidally mixed siliciclastics and carbonates in a tectonically formed shelf, Pennsylvanian rocks of the Nevada Test Site: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 28, n. 7.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Trudeau and Rowley (1998) (source 189 of 199)
    Trudeau, D.A., and Rowley, P.D., 1998, Hydrogeologic investigations to characterize ground-water flow paths locally contaminated by underground nuclear tests, Nevada Test Site (abs.): International Association of Hydrogeologists/American Institute of Hydrology joint conference program Gambling with groundwater-Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of aquifer-stream relations.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Tschanz and Pampeyan (1970) (source 190 of 199)
    Tschanz, C.M., and Pampeyan, E.H., 1970, Geology and mineral deposits of Lincoln County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 73.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Turrin and others (1991) (source 191 of 199)
    Turrin, B.D., Champion, D.E., and Fleck, R.J., 1991, 40Ar/39Ar age of the Lathrop Wells volcanic center, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Science v. 253.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Turrin and others (1992) (source 192 of 199)
    Turrin, B.D., Champion, D.E., and Fleck, R.J., 1992, Measuring the age of the Lathrop Wells volcanic center at Yucca Mountain (response to Wells and others, 1992): Science v. 257.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Vaniman and others (1982) (source 193 of 199)
    Vaniman, D., Crowe, B., and Gladley, E.S., 1982, Petrology and geochemistry of hawaiite lavas from Crater Flat, Nevada: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v. 80.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Vogel and others (1989) (source 194 of 199)
    Vogel, T.A., Noble, D.C., and Younker, L.W., 1989, Evolution of a chemically zoned magma body-Black Mountain volcanic center, southwestern Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 94, n. B5.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Wahl and others (1997) (source 195 of 199)
    Wahl, R.R., Sawyer, D.A., Minor, S.A., Carr, M.D., Cole, J.C., Swadley, W C, Laczniak, R.J., Warren, R.G., Green, K.S., and Engle, C.M., 1997, Digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 97-140.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: online
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution:
    The bulk of the linework and attribution was contributed by this source database. The current database (Slate and others, 1999) is intended to represent the most current interpretations of the geology of the Nevada Test Site area and is a revision of the earlier work of Wahl and others (1997).

    Warme and Sandberg (1996) (source 196 of 199)
    Warme, J.E., and Sandberg, C.A., 1996, Alamo megabreccia-Record of a Late Devonian impact in southern Nevada: GSA Today v. 6, n. 1.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Warren and others (1998) (source 197 of 199)
    Warren, R.G., Sawyer, D.A., Byers, F.M., Jr., and Cole, J.C., 1998, A petrographic/geochemical database and stratigraphic and structural framework for the southwestern Nevada volcanic field.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: online
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Weiss and Noble (1989) (source 198 of 199)
    Weiss, S.I., and Noble, D.C., 1989, Stonewall Mountain volcanic center, southern Nevada-Stratigraphic, structural, and facies relations of outflow sheets, near-vent tuffs, and intracaldera units: Journal of Geophysical Research v. 94, n. B5.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

    Wright and Troxel (1993) (source 199 of 199)
    Wright, L.A., and Troxel, B.W., 1993, Geologic map of the central and northern Funeral Mountains and adjacent areas, Death Valley region, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2305.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000
    Source_Contribution: mapping reference

  2. What changes have been made?

    Date: 1998 (change 1 of 9)
    Data from source database (Wahl and others, 1997) reorganized to fit into new attribution scheme.

    Data sources used in this process:

    • Wahl and others, 1997

    Date: 1998 (change 2 of 9)
    New Linework for surficial mapping digitized in MAPCAD from 1:80,000-scale air photos, imported into ARC/INFO, incorporated into existing database, and attributed in ARCEDIT.

    Date: 1998 (change 3 of 9)
    Edits made in ARCEDIT to existing data (linework digitized and attributed from more recent mapping, incorrectly attributed polygons relabeled, fault attributes and displacement symbols edited, folds and fold symbols added, geophysically located structures added, caldera boundaries edited, metamorphic rock polygons edited, transverse zone added, and global changes made to unit symbols and colors).

    Date: 1999 (change 4 of 9)
    Review of surficial geology by Ralph Shroba of the USGS.

    Date: 1999 (change 5 of 9)
    Review edits made in ARCEDIT from review of surficial geology (by Ralph Shroba of the USGS).

    Date: 1999 (change 6 of 9)
    Review of bedrock geology and structure by Christopher Potter, Donald Sweetkind, Robert Dickerson, and Barney Poole of the USGS.

    Date: 1999 (change 7 of 9)
    Review edits made in ARCEDIT from review of bedrock geology and structure (by Christopher Potter, Donald Sweetkind, Robert Dickerson, and Barney Poole of the USGS).

    Date: 1999 (change 8 of 9)
    Metadata and database reviewed for conformity with USGS standards by Randy Schumann and Ted Brandt of the USGS.

    Date: Dec-1999 (change 9 of 9)
    Database exported and packaged for distribution.


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Attributes were carried over from the older version (Revision 3) of the database (see Wahl and others, 1997) and converted to our attribution scheme. New data was attributed both by the geologists making the observations (field observations and/or air photo interpretation) and by GIS specialists using 1:24,000-scale and 1:60,000-scale maps annotated by the geologists. The database was thoroughly reviewed by the authors and other geologists familiar with the geology of the area on 1:24,000-scale and 1:60,000-scale printouts of the map. This database is an accurate representation of their interpretation of the geology. The database was also reviewed by selected authors (GIS specialists) and USGS GIS specialists. Frequency and label-error tests were run on all attributes of all coverages to assure against unattributed and improperly attributed entities. Errors found as a result of these tests were then corrected and tests run again until no errors were found. Within the fault coverage, faults of unkown, uncertain, or undifferentiated displacement are attributed with "FTYPCODE = 70". In many cases, the displacement on these faults is known and indicated by bar-and-ball (dip-slip) and/or arrow (strike-slip) symbols in the R4-FAULTS-SYM coverage included with the dataset but the fault lines were not attributed with a specific fault-type-code (FTYPCODE). All attributed linework follows the right-hand-rule such that all line decoration symbols (barbs, teeth, etc.) are to the right of the arc facing in the direction of the arc.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    The reported horizontal positional accuracy for the source data (Wahl and others, 1997) is 15 meters for the linework which was vectorized from a raster scan of the source maps. The estimated horizontal positional accuracy of the new data is 15 to 20 meters. The accuracy of the geophysically defined structures (R4-GPFLTS) is less certain because their position is based upon interpretation of high gradients in the gravity data (published as a companion to this open-file report; Ponce and others, 1999). The horizontal position of these structures can be significantly affected by basin depth and the dip of the structure. The accuracy for these structures is highest where they have surface expressions (ie fault scarps, surface lineaments, and coincedence with previously mapped structures included in the coverage R4-FAULTS). The lowest accuracy is indicated by the line attribute "CODE = 2". Because the source data (Wahl and others, 1997) was vectorized from separate scans of the faults and geology polygons, the linework is not always exactly coincident where it should be (where faults act as unit polygon boundaries). We attempted to improve the accuracy of these lines between the fault (R4-FAULTS) and geology (R4-GEOLOGY) coverages but at scales greater than 1:100,000-scale, these inconsistancies may become more visible. This database was produced to be used at 1:100,000-scale and any problems arising from use at other scales are not the responsibilities of the authors. No vertical data is included in the database (basemap elevations are reproductions of published USGS topographic maps).

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    This dataset includes only the coverages pertaining to the geologic map. Any margin material on the printed map (correlation chart, explanation of map symbols) is not included. A basemap line coverage produced from scanned topographic maps is included (NTS-BASE). This map was produced to be used at 1:100,000-scale and has been generalized from more detailed mapping. Any geologic features too small to be shown at this scale have been omitted or generalized if they are of significant importance. The smallest objects are approximately 45 to 50 meters on a side.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    New linework was digitized at 1:24,000-scale from stable base maps, at 1:80,000-scale from air photos, and at 1:100,000-scale from stable base maps. All new mapping was visually checked and reviewed by the authors at 1:24,000-scale and all of the database was checked and reviewed at 1:60,000-scale for improperly intersecting lines, double lines, overshoots, undershoots, and inconsistency in mapping coverage and detail. Data included from the 1:100,000-scale source database (Wahl and others, 1997) was also checked and reviewed at 1:60,000-scale and logical inconsistencies were corrected. Coverages were built and cleaned in ARC/INFO version 7.1.2 after completion of all edits. The logical consistency is topologically clean for all coverages.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    U. S. Geological Survey
    U. S. Geological Survey, Central Publications Group
    Denver, CO 80225
    USA

    303-236-1257 (voice)
    jworkman@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    USGS Open-File Report 99-554-A

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic code. Although this digital spacial data has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, it is released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 10-Dec-1999

Metadata author:
Jeremiah B. Workman
U. S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
USA

303-236-1257 (voice)
jworkman@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)


Generated by mp version 2.4.35 on Sat Mar 11 13:14:55 2000