Sampling and Analytical Methods

Medicine Lake Coring Project

Three methods of coring were used: 1.) a hammer corer with a 40 pound weight used with a 7.2 cm diameter aluminum core barrel and an 8 cm diameter PVC plastic barrel (one core), 2.) a box core 22 cm in length by 15 x 7.5 cm in width, and 3.) a gravity core with a 50 pound weight and an 8.5 cm diameter PVC plastic liner in a steel barrel. The shallow water coring was conducted using a shallow draft boat with core recovery aided by diving. The hammer core and the box core recovered limited core sections due to overconsolidated gravelly sediment that underlies a thin stratigraphic unit composed of modern lake sediments. The gravity core, which was used in the deeper lake region (core 9), only recovered 27 cm of soupy brown mud. Poor sediment recovery was probably due to gravel-rich sediments, which limited penetration, and failure of core catcher to close (low density mud). The cores were cut and separated into a working and archive sections. The cores are stored at the Coastal and Marine Geology core depository located in Menlo Park, California. The core locator number for the core sections is F299NC.

The core strata were initially visually described. These data are presented as descriptive lithologic logs. Approximately 5 cc of sediment was obtained at 5 cm intervals or at lithostratigraphic boundaries and wet sieved using a 2.0 mm and 0.062 mm screens. The sieve analysis yielded a gravel fraction, (>2.0 mm), a sand size fraction, (2.0 to 0.062 mm), and a silt and clay fraction, (<0.062 mm). The textural percentages and the interpretive depositional environments are presented after each lithologic core description. The sand-size fraction was examined microscopically for grain composition and fossil content.