U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-041

A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction

Clay Mineral Identification

X-Rays of Oriented Aggregates

Sample Process	Results
Air Dried	~10Å
Treated with ethylene glycol1	Symmetrical - no change
Heated to 400oC 2	No change
Heated to 550oC 3	No change
X-rays of randomly oriented powders 4	Select one .... 060 near 1.50Å; check hkl's against standards for polymorphs 060 between 1.51Å - 1.52Å; 5Å peak very weak 060 near 1.54Å

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¹ Treated with ethylene glycol at least 1/2 hour or 4 hours by vapor pressure method.
² Heated to 400^oC at least 1/2 hour.
³ Heated to 550^oC at least 1/2 hour.
⁴ Clay <2µ