Sidescan-Sonar imagery collected within New York Bight 1995 - 1998

Frequently-anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How should this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

Title:

Sidescan-Sonar imagery collected within New York Bight 1995 - 1998

Abstract:

These data contain backscatter intensity obtained from sidescan sonar. The sidescan-sonar data were digitally mosaicked to provide a base suitable for use in a geographic information system (GIS) of the New York Bight.

1. How should this data set be cited?

   U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, Sidescan-Sonar imagery collected within New York Bight 1995 - 1998:.

   Online Links:

   • <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-470>

   This is part of the following larger work.

   Schwab, William C., Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Lotto, Linda L., Allison, Mead A., Uchupi, Elazar, Swift, B. Ann, Danforth, William W., Thieler, E. Robert, and Butman, Bradford, 2003, High-Resolution Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the New York Bight Continental Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF02-152, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-152>

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.06

   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.8000

   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.2322

   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.15

3. What does it look like?

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 1995

   Ending_Date: 1998

   Currentness_Reference: Publication Date

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster data

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

      UTM_Zone_Number: 18

      Transverse_Mercator:

      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996

      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -075.000000

      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: +00.000000

      False_Easting: 500000

      False_Northing: 0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 500000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 400000
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Tiff Image

   Sidescan-sonar image stored in TIFF format (Source: ESRI)

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • U.S. Geological Survey

2. Who also contributed to the data set?

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

   Jane F. Denny
   US Geological Survey
   Geologist
   384 Woods Hole Road
   Woods Hole, MA 02543
   USA
   

   508-457-2311 (voice)
   508-457-2310 (FAX)
   jdenny@usgs.gov
   

These data are included in this publication to provide bathymetry and backscatter intensity for maps showing the locations of images and samples obtained in the New York Bight.

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   Data Archive - SEAX95007 (source 1 of 4)

   Denny, Jane F , and Schwab, William C. , 1999, Archive of sidescan-sonar data and Differential Geographic Positioning System navigation data collected during USGS cruise Seax95007, 8 May - 24 May 1995.: USGS Open-File Report 99-356, USGS, Reston, VA.

   Online Links:

   • <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov>

   This is part of the following larger work.

   Schwab, William C., Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Lotto, Linda L., Allison, Mead A., Uchupi, Elazar, Swift, B. Ann, Danforth, William W., Thieler, E. Robert, and Butman, Bradford, 2003, High-Resolution Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the New York Bight Continental Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF02-152, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • <https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of02-152>

   Type_of_Source_Media: DVD

   Source_Contribution:

   These are the raw QMIPS sidescan-sonar data that were used to generate the sidescan-sonar mosaic.

   Data Archive - ALPH98013 (source 2 of 4)

   Denny, Jane F , Schwab, William C. , Danforth, William W. , O'Brien, Thomas F. , Nichols, Dave S. , and Irwin, Barry, 2000, Archive of sidescan-sonar data and Differential Geographic Positioning System navigation data collected during USGS cruise ALPH98013, September10-23, 1998.: USGS Open-File Report 98-590, USGS, Reston, VA.

   Online Links:

   • <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov>

   This is part of the following larger work.

   Schwab, William C., Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Lotto, Linda L., Allison, Mead A., Uchupi, Elazar, Swift, B. Ann, Danforth, William W., Thieler, Robert E., and Butman, Bradford, 2003, High-Resolution Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the New York Bight Continental Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF02-152, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • <https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of02-152>

   Type_of_Source_Media: DVD

   Source_Contribution:

   These are the raw QMIPS sidescan-sonar data that were used to generate the sidescan-sonar mosaic.

   Data Archive - SEAX97032 (source 3 of 4)

   Hammar-Klose, Erika, Hill, Jenna, and Schwab, William C. , 2002, Archive of sidescan-sonar data and Differential Geographic Positioning System navigation data collected during USGS cruise DIAN97032, September 25 - October 19, 1997.: USGS Open-File Report 99-356, USGS, Reston, VA.

   Online Links:

   • <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov>

   This is part of the following larger work.

   Schwab, William C., Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Lotto, Linda L., Allison, Mead A., Uchupi, Elazar, Swift, B. Ann, Danforth, William W., Thieler, E. Robert, and Butman, Bradford, 2003, High-Resolution Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the New York Bight Continental Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF02-152, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • <https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of02-152>

   Type_of_Source_Media: DVD

   Source_Contribution:

   These are the raw QMIPS sidescan-sonar data that were used to generate the sidescan-sonar mosaic.

   Data Archive - SEAX96007 (source 4 of 4)

   Hill, Jenna, Schwab, William C. , and Danforth, William, 2000, Archive of sidescan-sonar data and Differential Geographic Positioning System navigation data collected during USGS cruise Seax96004, New York Bight, 1 May - 9 June 1996.: USGS Open-File Report 00-153, USGS, Reston, VA.

   Online Links:

   • <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov>

   This is part of the following larger work.

   Schwab, William C., Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Lotto, Linda L., Allison, Mead A., Uchupi, Elazar, Swift, B. Ann, Danforth, William W., Thieler, E. Robert, and Butman, Bradford, 2003, High-Resolution Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the New York Bight Continental Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF02-152, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • <https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of02-152>

   Type_of_Source_Media: DVD

   Source_Contribution:

   These are the raw QMIPS sidescan-sonar data that were used to generate the sidescan-sonar mosaic.

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 1999 (process 1 of 2)

   The sidescan-sonar data were acquired with a Datasonics SIS 1000 CHIRP sonar system, which operates in a frequency range of 100 - 120 kHz. The sidescan-sonar imagery of the New York Bight region is comprised of data acquired on seven geophysical cruises operated by the USGS during 1995 - 1998.

   All sidescan-sonar data were logged digitally at a sample rate resulting in a 0.18-m pixel size in the across-track direction and approximately 0.14-m in the along-track direction following the methodology outlined in Danforth and others (1991). A median filtering routine (Malinverno and others, 1990) was applied to the sidescan-sonar data to remove speckle noise, resulting in a 0.73-m pixel size. The data for each survey were further processed and digitally mosaicked using PCI Geomatica Software and procedures described in Danforth and others (1991), Danforth (1997), and Paskevich (1992) resulting in an enhanced, geographically correct, sidescan-sonar mosaic with 4 meters/pixel resolution. The seven individual images were then mosaicked to form one composite sidescan-sonar image for the New York Bight region. The composite mosaic has a resolution of 16 meters/pixel. The composite mosaic was exported as a TIFF image, with an associated ESRI world file.

   Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Jane F. Denny
   US Geological Survey
   Geologist
   384 Woods Hole Road
   Woods Hole, MA 02543
   USA
   

   508-457-2311 (voice)
   508-457-2310 (FAX)
   jdenny@usgs.gov
   

   Data sources used in this process:

   • Danforth, W.W., 1997, Xsonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-686, 77 p.
   • Danforth, W.W., O'Brien, T.F., and Schwab, W.C., 1991, USGS Image processing system: near real-time mosaicking of high-resolution sidescan-sonar data Sea Technology, Vol 1, p.54-59.
   • Malinverno, A., Edwards, M, and Ryan, W.B.F, 1990, Processing of SeaMARC swath sonar data: IEEE, Journal of Coean Enginneering, v.15, p. 14-23.
   • Paskevich, V., 1992, Digital mapping of sidescan-sonar data with the Woods Hole Image Processing System software: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-536, 87.p

   Date: 2000 (process 2 of 2)

   The TIFF image (sonar.tif) was compressed using LizardTech, MrSID GeoSpatial Encoder 1.3.1. This software compresses the image at a specified ratio, which is 20:1 by default. An associated sdw file accompanies the .sid file. The .sdw is an ESRI world file for the given .sid image file. In order to view these data within ArcView, the MrSID Image Support extension must be loaded. Once, the extension is loaded, the .sid image file can be loaded into ArcView as an Image.

   Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Jane F. Denny
   US Geological Survey
   Geologist
   384 Woods Hole Road
   Woods Hole, MA 02543
   USA
   

   508-457-2311 (voice)
   508-457-2310 (FAX)
   jdenny@usgs.gov
   

1. How well have the observations been checked?

   These data are internally consistent and accurate.

2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

   DGPS is assumed to be accurate within 1-2 meters. Standard GPS is assumed accurate within 5-10 meters. 99% of the positional data is DGPS. Unless noted, all GPS/DGPS data is referenced to WGS84 (NAD83). Slant-range distance is recorded between the sidescan-sonar tow vehicle and a sidemount rigged with an acoustic transponder. Offset between the sidemount and GPS antennae is measured. Basic trigonomic calculations use the slant-range offset to calculate a 'fish' (tow-vehicle) navigation. An assumption in these calculations is that the tow-vehicle is traveling directly behind the vessel; movement to port or starboard is not accounted for within 'fish' navigation. Thus, the horizontal accuarcy of the sidescan-sonar tow-vehicle is +/- 15 meters.

3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

   These data are complete.

5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

   These data are logically consistent; they were acquired with a Datasoncis SIS-1000 sidescan-sonar system, and processed following an identical procedure.

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

This information is not for navigational purposes. Please cite Schwab and others (in press) as the source of this information (USGS Open-File Report 02-152, see larger work citation).

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

   Jane F. Denny
   US Geological Survey
   Geologist
   384 Woods Hole Road
   Woods Hole, MA 02543
   USA
   

   508-457-2311 (voice)
   508-457-2310 (FAX)
   jdenny@usgs.gov
   

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

   apex.sid

3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Altough this data set and its lineage have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or it's related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no resposibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related items. Users must assume resposibility for the proper use of this data. This data should not be used at resolutions for which it is not intended. This data has no been reviewed for conformity with US Geological Survey editorial standards, or the North American Strigraphic code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

4. How can I download or order the data?

Dates:

Last modified: 16-Dec-2002
Last Reviewed: 2002

Metadata author:

Jane F. Denny
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
USA

508-457-2311 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
jdenny@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)