Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Susan H. Cannon Originator: Kathleen M. Haller Originator: Ingrid Ekstrom Originator: Eugene S. Schweig III Originator: Graziella Devoli Originator: David W. Moore Originator: Sharon A. Rafferty Originator: Arthur C. Tarr Publication_Date: 2001 Title: nic_lsdd Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Publication_Information: Online_Linkage: http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-01-0412A Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Susan H. Cannon Originator: Kathleen M. Haller Originator: Ingrid Ekstrom Originator: Eugene S. Schweig III Originator: Graziella Devoli Originator: David W. Moore Originator: Sharon A. Rafferty Originator: Arthur C. Tarr Publication_Date: 2001 Title: LANDSLIDE RESPONSE TO HURRICANE MITCH RAINFALL IN SEVEN STUDY AREAS IN NICARAGUA Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 01-412-A Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/ofr-01-412-A Description: Abstract: We present an inventory of landslides and related downchannel effects triggered by the passage of Hurricane Mitch, October 21-31, 1998 in seven study areas in Nicaragua. The inventory was compiled from aerial photographs and field mapping. Most (perhaps 95%) of the landslides mapped were debris flows. The maps show debris-flow source areas as small as a few square meters and only a few meters deep that produced debris flows that traveled only tens of meters downslope, to landslides that covered approximately 80,000 m2, and produced debris flows that traveled at least 3 km down channels. The remaining 5% of mapped landslides were slow-moving earthflows that started moving during Hurricane Mitch and continued to move for at least one year. Purpose: The passage of Hurricane Mitch through Central America in October and November 1998 caused widespread and devastating flooding and landsliding. In this data set we document the landslide and downchannel response to the rainfall that accompanied Hurricane Mitch in seven study areas in Nicaragua. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: October 1998 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.891151 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.779976 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 13.781092 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 12.830777 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword: landslides Theme_Keyword: Hurrican Mitch Theme_Keyword: rainfall Theme_Keyword: debris flow Theme_Keyword: earth flow Theme_Keyword: debris-flow susceptibility Place: Place_Keyword: Nicaragua Place_Keyword: Departamento de Jinotega Place_Keyword: Departamento de Leon Place_Keyword: Departamento de Esteli Place_Keyword: Departamento de Matagalpa Place_Keyword: Departamento de Nueva Segovia Place_Keyword: Departamento de Chinandega Temporal: Temporal_Keyword: October 1998 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Should only be used in maps whose scale is smaller than 1:50,000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan H. Cannon Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS, MS 966 Address: Denver Federal Center Address: Box 25046 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 273-8604 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 273-8600 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: cannon@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1630 Mountain Time M-F Security_Information: Security_Classification: Unclassified Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.1.1.649 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Series_Information: Publication_Information: Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute accuracy was assured by visually comparing compilation copy with plotted map in which the landslide styles were color coded. Logical_Consistency_Report: Registration accuracy was checked by inspecting plots of the data and graticule overlaid on a Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of the base map. Topological consistency was checked by assuring that all data polygons had one label point. Completeness_Report: Completeness was assured by visually inspecting the compilation map overlaid on the plotted map looking for missing polygons. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The small scale of the aerial photographs used for generating the inventory, and the mapping method of manually transferring the areal extent of observed features to the base maps, dictates that the locations of the landslide features are accurate to within about 200m Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: aerial photographs Online_Linkage: http://www.mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov.data.aerial.html Source_Scale_Denominator: 60000 Type_of_Source_Media: aerial photographs Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Open-Skies Program Source_Information: Source_Scale_Denominator: 30000 Type_of_Source_Media: aerial photographs Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Open Skies Program Process_Step: Process_Description: Aerial photographs taken between December 4 and December 19, 1998 under the Open Skies program of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (http://www. mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov.data.aerial.html) were used to map the landslides shown on the maps. The aerial photographs are at 1:60,000-scale, and 1:30,000-scale for portions of the Matagalpa and Jinotega/San Rafael del Norte study areas. Digital Raster Graphics (DRG) scanned images of 1:50,000-scale quadrangles projected to Transverse Mercator were used as base maps for the mapping. We mapped landslides and related downstream effects by first identifying them on the aerial photographs using a mirror stereoscope and then manually plotting each landslide and its affected area by inspection onto the base maps. In some cases, the base maps were enlarged to 1:25,000-scale to facilitate mapping. Locations of landslides mapped using this procedure are accurate to within about 200 m. Process_Step: Process_Description: Field reconnaissance from April 25 through May 6, 2000 resulted in limited verification of the landslide and related effects mapping. Because of the large areal extent of the study areas and difficulties of access, we visited only a few, small areas. We observed as few as 5% of the landslides in some study areas and as many as 40% of the landslides in others. During this reconnaissance, we mapped the locations and extents of some landslides outside the coverage of the aerial photography. This mapping represents only features that we observed, and is not representative of all the landslide activity in the area. Process_Step: Process_Description: Following field verification, the mapped areal extent of landslides and affected areas were digitized, and then digitally registered to the DRG base maps. A point representing the initiation location of each landslide was also digitized. Final maps are presented at 1:50,000 scale. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 5390 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4124 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4100 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 16 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: nic_lsdd.pat Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon attribute table Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PERIMETER Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: NIC_LSDD# Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: NIC_LSDD-ID Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute: Attribute_Label: STYLE Attribute_Definition: Type of ground failure Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ce Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: channel effects Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: df Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: debris flow Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ds Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: debris slide Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ef Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: earth flow Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: rf Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: rockfall Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sl Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: slump Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: tn Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: translational feature Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NULL Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: no feature Attribute: Attribute_Label: METHOD Attribute_Definition: Mapping method Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: field Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mapped from field reconnaisance Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: photo Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mapped from aerial photographs Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The attributes characterize the style of the feature (STYLE) and method of mapping (METHOD). Distribution_Information: Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Transfer_Size: 2.473 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20011205 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard L. Dart Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS, MS 966 Address: Denver Federal Center Address: Box 25046 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 273-8631 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 273-8600 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rdart@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1630 Mountain Time M-F Contact_Instructions: E-mail contact is preferred Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile