U.S. Geological Survey

Chemistry Table 1. This Table summarizes data for major elements and all trace elements analyzed in the WTC dust and beam coating samples. Some elements (such as mercury and tin) were not analyzed in these samples. Major elements are listed in percent concentration and trace elements are listed in parts per million concentration. One percent equals 10,000 parts per million.

Chemistry Table 1
  Outdoor dust samples
  WTC 01-02 WTC 01-03 WTC01-05 WTC01-06 WTC 01-14
Silicon % 21.2 26.3 11.4 11.4 15.3
Calcium % 15.01 9.58 20.94 20.58 17.65
Magnesium % 3.11 2.23 2.73 2.73 2.83
Sulfur % 1.33 0.87 nm nm 4.32
Iron % 4.13 2.16 1.41 1.42 1.87
Aluminum % 4.13 2.75 2.75 2.73 2.86
Carbon, organic % 0.98 3.55 nm nm 3.08
Carbon, Carbonate % 1.24 1.63 nm nm 1.46
Sodium % 0.82 0.76 0.50 0.50 0.59
Potassium % 0.63 0.69 0.46 0.47 0.56
Titanium % 0.39 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.31
Manganese % 0.15 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.12
Phosphorous % 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02
Loss on Ignition % 7.96 13.6 19.6 19.6 18.1
Barium ppm 765 376 nm nm 461
Strontium ppm 1000 409 nm nm 643
Zinc ppm 2990 1200 nm nm 1570
Lead ppm 710 176 nm nm 276
Copper ppm 438 142 nm nm 242
Cerium ppm 108 50.9 nm nm 68.8
Yttrium ppm 58.9 30.2 nm nm 46.5
Chromium ppm 224 98 nm nm 116
Nickel ppm 88.4 30.8 nm nm 28.6
Lanthanum ppm 51 25.8 nm nm 34.8
Antimony ppm 52.1 26.3 nm nm 40.2
Vanadium ppm 38.8 42.5 nm nm 30.6
Molybdenum ppm 25.4 14.5 nm nm 19.1
Lithium ppm 27.4 17.4 nm nm 23.2
Thorium ppm 11.2 5.56 nm nm 7.92
Rubidium ppm 21.2 23.7 nm nm 25.2
Cobalt ppm 13.9 8.4 nm nm 7.1
Niobium ppm 11 7.8 nm nm 9.1
Scandium ppm 8.8 6.6 nm nm 6.1
Uranium ppm 3.92 1.96 nm nm 2.89
Cadmium ppm 7.3 3.2 nm nm 3.4
Arsenic ppm 6.8 3.7 nm nm 5.1
Gallium ppm 6 5.4 nm nm 4.1
Beryllium ppm 3.7 2.2 nm nm 2.9
Silver ppm 1.2 3.8 nm nm 1.2
Cesium ppm 0.73 0.76 nm nm 0.88
Bismuth ppm 0.5 0.68 nm nm 0.56
Thallium ppm 0.1 0.13 nm nm 0.11
nm - not measured; ppm - parts per million
 
Chemistry Table 1, continued
  Outdoor dust samples, continued
  WTC 01-15 WTC 01-16 WTC01-17 WTC 01-21 WTC 01-22
Silicon % 13.6 17.0 16.0 12.8 17.0
Calcium % 18.58 13.36 17.01 18.94 16.80
Magnesium % 2.64 1.79 2.06 2.68 2.77
Sulfur % 5.40 3.68 nm 5.10 3.70
Iron % 1.87 1.92 1.71 1.49 2.78
Aluminum % 2.59 2.27 2.30 2.73 2.78
Carbon, organic % 2.30 2.51 nm 4.02 2.55
Carbon, Carbonate % 1.48 1.47 nm 1.44 1.31
Sodium % 0.66 0.87 0.93 0.50 0.83
Potassium % 0.49 0.69 0.54 0.50 0.52
Titanium % 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.29
Manganese % 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.12
Phosphorous % 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
Loss on Ignition % 17.3 22.8 15.9 21.2 15.3
Barium ppm 405 3670 nm 460 452
Strontium ppm 736 3130 nm 787 710
Zinc ppm 1110 1410 nm 1500 1380
Lead ppm 152 208 nm 278 452
Copper ppm 367 307 nm 153 130
Cerium ppm 64.9 132 nm 77 72
Yttrium ppm 46.1 31.4 nm 54.5 47.6
Chromium ppm 129 95.2 nm 104 111
Nickel ppm 32.9 31.4 nm 31.2 30.6
Lanthanum ppm 32.7 69.9 nm 38.6 35.4
Antimony ppm 30.2 148 nm 33.1 27.5
Vanadium ppm 27.1 24.9 nm 27.9 29.7
Molybdenum ppm 12.1 10 nm 9 6.9
Lithium ppm 22.1 18 nm 23.3 23
Thorium ppm 7.3 5.36 nm 8.48 8.5
Rubidium ppm 21.6 21.6 nm 21 21.1
Cobalt ppm 6.5 6.5 nm 5.3 6.3
Niobium ppm 7.6 6.6 nm 9 9.2
Scandium ppm 5.9 4.4 nm 6.2 6.2
Uranium ppm 2.71 2.3 nm 3.16 3.09
Cadmium ppm 4 3 nm 4.6 3.8
Arsenic ppm 4 4.3 nm 3.6 6.6
Gallium ppm 3.9 4.3 nm 3.9 4
Beryllium ppm 2.4 1.8 nm 2.9 2.9
Silver ppm 1.4 1.5 nm 2.4 1.4
Cesium ppm 0.78 0.87 nm 0.76 0.76
Bismuth ppm 0.25 0.28 nm 0.5 0.43
Thallium ppm 0.11 0.12 nm 0.1 0.1
nm - not measured; ppm - parts per million
 
Chemistry Table 1, continued
  Outdoor dust samples, continued
  WTC 01-25 WTC 01-27 WTC 01-28 WTC01-30 WTC01-34
Silicon % 13.2 15.2 13.8 15.1 12.2
Calcium % 20.37 19.51 19.65 19.73 20.51
Magnesium % 3.29 3.04 2.83 3.49 3.01
Sulfur % 4.03 4.29 4.56 nm nm
Iron % 1.33 1.72 1.80 1.85 1.45
Aluminum % 3.28 3.05 2.95 3.59 2.98
Carbon, organic % 2.94 1.95 2.42 nm nm
Carbon, Carbonate % 1.87 1.82 1.68 nm nm
Sodium % 0.62 0.62 0.76 0.71 0.50
Potassium % 0.56 0.50 0.54 0.56 0.51
Titanium % 0.29 0.29 0.26 0.29 0.25
Manganese % 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.12
Phosphorous % 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03
Loss on Ignition % 17.5 14.4 16.7 17.5 18.5
Barium ppm 624 470 491 nm nm
Strontium ppm 695 701 711 nm nm
Zinc ppm 1910 1650 1720 nm nm
Lead ppm 756 204 234 nm nm
Copper ppm 251 188 218 nm nm
Cerium ppm 85 77.7 75 nm nm
Yttrium ppm 61.6 54.9 53.8 nm nm
Chromium ppm 134 126 106 nm nm
Nickel ppm 39.2 39.4 26.1 nm nm
Lanthanum ppm 43.5 39.5 38.4 nm nm
Antimony ppm 65.8 50.4 51.8 nm nm
Vanadium ppm 30.5 30 28.9 nm nm
Molybdenum ppm 30.9 27.1 42 nm nm
Lithium ppm 28.5 25.2 24.8 nm nm
Thorium ppm 9.94 9.14 8.48 nm nm
Rubidium ppm 24 21.7 22.5 nm nm
Cobalt ppm 7.4 6.2 5.9 nm nm
Niobium ppm 11 11 10 nm nm
Scandium ppm 7.1 6.6 6.2 nm nm
Uranium ppm 3.78 3.36 3.27 nm nm
Cadmium ppm 7.5 5 5.2 nm nm
Arsenic ppm 4.2 5 4.8 nm nm
Gallium ppm 4.3 4.3 4.1 nm nm
Beryllium ppm 3.6 3.2 3.1 nm nm
Silver ppm 1.4 1.4 1.7 nm nm
Cesium ppm 0.83 0.77 0.76 nm nm
Bismuth ppm 0.67 0.4 0.48 nm nm
Thallium ppm 0.1 0.09 0.11 nm nm
nm - not measured; ppm - parts per million
 
Chemistry Table 1, continued
  Indoor dust samples Girder coatings  
  WTC 01-20 WTC 01-36 WTC 01-08 WTC 01-09  
Silicon % 14.2 11.7 15.0 15.5  
Calcium % 19.44 21.30 20.73 26.01  
Magnesium % 2.59 2.88 6.94 3.23  
Sulfur % 5.51 5.77 1.39 1.23  
Iron % 1.25 1.38 1.25 0.55  
Aluminum % 2.55 2.86 2.92 3.56  
Carbon, organic % 2.68 2.32 2.48 2.45  
Carbon, Carbonate % 1.27 1.50 1.89 1.86  
Sodium % 1.16 0.58 0.12 0.16  
Potassium % 0.46 0.46 0.28 0.32  
Titanium % 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.28  
Manganese % 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.19  
Phosphorous % 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01  
Loss on Ignition % 15.7 16.9 15.8 13  
Barium ppm 390 438 317 472  
Strontium ppm 706 823 444 378  
Zinc ppm 1330 1400 57.4 101  
Lead ppm 153 159 9.13 11.7  
Copper ppm 176 95 10.3 12.8  
Cerium ppm 61.6 70.2 202 356  
Yttrium ppm 44.1 52.6 134 243  
Chromium ppm 94 107 153 86.5  
Nickel ppm 29.8 28.5 202 22.6  
Lanthanum ppm 31.3 35.6 102 175  
Antimony ppm 38.9 33.9 0.56 1.2  
Vanadium ppm 25 28.6 30.5 40.1  
Molybdenum ppm 19 16.1 0.85 1.2  
Lithium ppm 21.9 24.9 25.2 36.4  
Thorium ppm 7.25 8.64 17.9 30.7  
Rubidium ppm 18.9 21.1 8 8.2  
Cobalt ppm 5 5.3 12.3 1.7  
Niobium ppm 8 9 4.4 6.3  
Scandium ppm 5.4 6.4 9.2 9.8  
Uranium ppm 2.7 3.23 4.72 7.57  
Cadmium ppm 4.2 5.8 0.11 0.21  
Arsenic ppm 3.5 3.8 < 2 < 2  
Gallium ppm 3.6 4 2.8 4.2  
Beryllium ppm 2.5 3.1 4 4.2  
Silver ppm 3.5 1.6 1.8 0.96  
Cesium ppm 0.72 0.78 0.18 0.22  
Bismuth ppm 0.64 0.82 0.008 0.01  
Thallium ppm 0.09 0.09 0.02 0.02  
nm - not measured; ppm - parts per million
 
Chemistry Table 1, continued
  minimum maximum mean*    
Silicon % 11.4 26.3 14.8    
Calcium % 9.58 26.01 18.36    
Magnesium % 1.79 6.94 2.88    
Sulfur % 0.87 5.77 3.11    
Iron % 0.55 4.13 1.63    
Aluminum % 2.27 4.13 2.90    
Carbon, organic % 0.98 4.02 2.48    
Carbon, Carbonate % 1.24 1.89 1.55    
Sodium % 0.12 1.16 0.57    
Potassium % 0.28 0.69 0.50    
Titanium % 0.21 0.39 0.26    
Manganese % 0.07 0.19 0.11    
Phosphorous % 0.01 0.05 0.02    
Loss on Ignition % 7.96 22.8 16.35    
Barium ppm 317 3670 533.38    
Strontium ppm 378 3130 726.61    
Zinc ppm 57.4 2990 1004.70    
Lead ppm 9.13 756 166.75    
Copper ppm 10.3 438 136.31    
Cerium ppm 50.9 356 91.23    
Yttrium ppm 30.2 243 57.45    
Chromium ppm 86.5 224 116.61    
Nickel ppm 22.6 202 37.77    
Lanthanum ppm 25.8 175 45.96    
Antimony ppm 0.56 148 24.84    
Vanadium ppm 24.9 42.5 30.67    
Molybdenum ppm 0.85 42 11.34    
Lithium ppm 17.4 36.4 24.00    
Thorium ppm 5.36 30.7 9.31    
Rubidium ppm 8 25.2 19.01    
Cobalt ppm 1.7 13.9 6.36    
Niobium ppm 4.4 11 8.34    
Scandium ppm 4.4 9.8 6.63    
Uranium ppm 1.96 7.57 3.29    
Cadmium ppm 0.11 7.5 2.80    
Arsenic ppm 3.5 6.8 ***    
Gallium ppm 2.8 6 4.15    
Beryllium ppm 1.8 4.2 2.96    
Silver ppm 0.96 3.8 1.66    
Cesium ppm 0.18 0.88 0.64    
Bismuth ppm 0.008 0.82 0.28    
Thallium ppm 0.02 0.13 0.08    
*Geometric mean for all parameters except pH; ***Geometric mean not calculated due to one or more samples having concentrations below detection limit; ppm - parts per million

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