Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Laura Margaret Brady Publication_Date: unpublished Title: COVERAGE SCS_SOIL -- Digital Soils Survey Map of the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona Edition: Version 1.5, March 12, 2002 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 02-324 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: URL = http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-324/ Description: Abstract: The ‘Soil Survey of Santa Cruz and Parts of Cochise and Pima Counties, Arizona,' a product of the USDA’s Soil Conservation Service and the Forest Service in cooperation with the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, released in 1979, was created according to the site conditions in 1971, when soil scientists identified soils types on aerial photographs. The scale at which these maps were published is 1:20,000. These soil maps were automated for incorporation into the hydrologic modeling within a GIS. The aerial photos onto which the soils units were drawn had not been orthoganalized, and contained distortion. A total of 15 maps composed the study area. These maps were scanned into TIFF format using an 8-bit black and white drum scanner at 100 dpi. The images were imported into ERDAS IMAGINE and the white borders were removed through subset decollaring processes. Five CD-ROM’s containing Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads (DOQQ’s) were used to register and rectify the scanned soils maps. Polygonal data was then attributed according to the datasets. Purpose: Beginning in March of 1997, the Preliminary Assessment of the Patagonia Mountains study area was undertaken. An integrated watershed analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based platform was undertaken to examine transport characteristics. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Spatially Explicit Delivery MODel (SEDMOD) were chosen to assist in characterization of potential point and nonpoint source material yield within selected drainage systems. This was done to provide information useful for defining areas of significant environmental impact and to shed some light on the most practical remediation strategies to be employed. Many studies have been conducted to determine different parameters, effects and contributions of human activity in the Patagonia and southern Santa Rita Mountains study area. Incorporation to a digital data model required acquisition of accurate geo-spatial digital soils data. This digital geospatial database is one of many being created by the U.S. Geological Survey as an ongoing effort to provide geologic information in a geographic information system (GIS) for use in spatial analysis. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20011001 Currentness_Reference: required Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -110.85575013 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -110.61876161 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.55456386 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.33518703 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Soils Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Southeastern Arizona Place_Keyword: Patagonia, Arizona Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Arizona Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Anyone who uses these data must cite USGS. These data are not to be used at scales greater than 1:20,000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Laura Margaret Brady Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey, GD Contact_Position: Geographer, GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 520 N. Park Avenue, Suite 355 City: Tucson State_or_Province: Arizona Postal_Code: 85719 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (520) 670-5510 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (fax) (520) 670-5571 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lmbrady@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Coauthors helped to generate the final product map and ARCIFO coverage. Craig Wissler, professor at the University of Arizona, oversaw the automation and attribution of the actual data, while D.P. Guertin, also a professor at the University of Arizona, helped in assessing the final product and its further applications. Floyd Gray, geologist at the USGS, hired the work to be done as part of a 5-year project investigation of the fate and transport of minerals in the Patagonia Mountains in association with abandoned mine locations. Karen Bolm, also of the USGS, helped tremendously in the review of digital and manuscript data. Native_Data_Set_Environment: SunOS, 5.6, sun4u UNIX ARCINFO version 7.2.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The final file was converted and compressed within ARCINFO to TIFF format and laid out onscreen with known vector coverages of digitized roads and rivers overlaid to check for accuracy and error. The most useful was the road coverage downloaded the AZGENREF library, which identified error to be within +/- 40 meters. This digital database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:20,000. Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon topology present. All polygons are closed. Completeness_Report: Only the maps that covered the study area of interest were digitized. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Identified error to be within +/- 40 meters Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Department of Agriculture: Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service in cooperation with Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, 1979, Soil survey of Santa Cruz and parts of Cochise and Pima counties, Arizona: April 1979, 100 p. Publication_Date: 1979 Title: Soil survey of Santa Cruz and parts of Cochise and Pima counties, Arizona Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: hardcopy aerial photos with polygonal soil attributes traced on Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, D.C. Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office Source_Scale_Denominator: 20,000 Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date 1967 Ending_Date 1970 Source_Contribution: soils map Process_Step: Process_Description: Known points were identified on the aerial photo and matched to points on the DOQQ’s, these were referred to as Ground Control Points (GCP’s). This was the most time consuming portion of this project as the aerial photos were taken some 30 years prior to the DOQQ’s and buildings, trees, and waterways had changed considerably. The easiest and most accurate objects to identify were roads and intersections of roads with other features. These appeared to have the same shape throughout time, although some forest roads are out of use, or have been paved or widened. A 3rd order polynomial transformation requires a minimum of 10 GCP’s to be identified. However, the level of accuracy increases as more points are entered and widely distributed. The GCP prediction tool within ERDAS IMAGINE uses the current transformation parameters to guess where the user will locate GCP’s from the work in progress to source data, this enables the user to determine when enough points have been entered to ensure that the transformation is accurate. An average of 80 GCP’s were identified on each aerial photo and cross-referenced with the source data for this study. The cubic convolution method of resampling was performed to effectively pierce the aerial photo with pinpoints to known real time coordinates and stretch or fold the picture to accurate proportions. This sampling method is suggested for aerial photos in which the cell size is dramatically changed. This transformed the image of an abstract piece of paper into an accurate representation of real time and space with registered known coordinates. The cubic convolution method resamples using an algorithm which recognizes the data files of 16 pixels in a 4 by 4 window, and this creates the most accurate output when ortho-rectifying aerial photos. Error still exists despite the high number of GCP’s used to control the transformation. It is difficult to accurately fit images over mountainous terrain from aerial photos. Error existed in the DOQQ’s and new error was introduced in the resampling process. However, the photos edge-matched positively and roads, rivers, trees and soil polygons merged together seamlessly when mosaiced to create the big picture. The raster geometric correction was successful for use in this project. Process_Date: 2000 Process_Step: Process_Description: Fifth draft of metadata created by lmbrady using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.2 05/14/98 on ARC/INFO data set /bdr2/lmbrady/scs_soil Process_Date: 20020312 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 360 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1015 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 361 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 12 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: implied Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: implied Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: implied False_Easting: implied False_Northing: implied Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.498300075531 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.498300075531 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Explanations of the user defined items listed below can be found in OFR text: SCS_SOIL83.PAT: COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALT. NAME 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 17 SCS_SOIL83# 4 5 B - 21 SCS_SOIL83-ID 4 5 B - 25 SOIL_SERIES 2 2 C - 27 SLOPE 2 2 C - 29 IFERODED 2 2 I - SCS_SOIL83.AAT: COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALT. NAME 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 25 SCS_SOIL83# 4 5 B - 29 SCS_SOIL83-ID 4 5 B - Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distribution_Liability: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is." The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, as to any other matter whatsoever, including, but without limitation to, the condition of the product of its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers with USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply such warranty. In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographical data or arising out of the delivery, installation operation, or support by USGS. The digital geologic map GIS of the Patagonia Mountains area in Arizona is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:20,000 (for example, 1:12,000). Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20020312 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Contact_Person: Laura Margaret Norman Contact_Position: Geographer/ GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 520 N. Park Ave., Suite #355 City: Tucson State_or_Province: AZ Postal_Code: 85719 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (520) 670-5510 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (fax)(520) 670-5571 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lmbrady@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: Version of June 8, 1994 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none