U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 02-198 Assessment of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in the United States A Portable Document (PDF) Recompilation of USGS OFR 96-96 and Circular 1178 By: the U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Resource Assessment Team Recompilation by: Paul Schruben As a Subask of the Global Minerals Resources Assessment Project U.S. Department or the Interior Gale Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director 2002 Prepared in the Eastern Region, Reston, VA Approved for publication April, 2002 1) OVERVIEW This publication contains the results of a national mineral resource assessment study. The study (1) identifies regional tracts of ground believed to contain most of the nation's undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in conventional types of deposits; and (2) includes probabilistic estimates of the amounts of these undiscovered resources in most of the tracts. The disc also contains a table of the significant known deposits in the tracts, and includes descriptions of the mineral deposit models used for the assessment. The assessment was previously released in two major publications. The conterminous United States assessment was published in 1996 as USGS Open-File Report 96-96. Subsequently, the Alaska assessment was combined with the conterminous assessment in 1998 and released as USGS Circular 1178. This new recompilation release was undertaken for several reasons. First, the graphical browser software used in Circular 1178 was ONLY compatible with the Microsoft Windows operating system. It was incompatible with the Macintosh operating system, Linux, and other types of Unix computers. Second, the browser on Circular 1178 is much less intuitive to operate, requiring most users to follow a tutorial to understand how to navigate the information on the CD. Third, this release corrects several errors and numbering inconsistencies in Circular 1178. This publication includes OFR 96-96 and many files modified from those on Circular 1178. The GIS software from Circular 1178 is not included. Both of the original national assessment publications can be downloaded from the following Internet sites: http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of96-096/ http://pubs.usgs.gov/circular/c1178/ One way to begin examining the results of the national assessment immediately is to proceed as follows: 1. Install Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Acrobat Reader as described below, or check to be certain you already have one of these programs installed. 2. Open the file "1_NATIONAL_ASSESSMENT.PDF." 3. Look for the bookmark named: "Deposit Tract Maps." Click on the triangles (Macintosh) or boxes with plus sign (Windows) to the left of the underlying bookmarks titled: "Alaska" and the "Conterminous U.S." This will display lists of tracts by mineral deposit type for each of these two regions. Some mineral deposit types have multiple tract maps. For example, there are three tract maps for porphyry copper deposits: Porphyry Cu deposits I, II, and III. Each map delineates areas permissive for the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits by age. See the Rationale files for descriptions of each tract. 4. Click on a mineral-deposit-type name on one of the lists. This will open a map showing tracts judged to contain undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, or zinc in mineral deposits of this type. 5. Each map's key has clickable buttons that will bring up for each tract most of the following data sets: * Cumulative Distribution graph of estimated metal and mineralized rock. * Histogram of estimated metal and mineralized rock. * Table showing the probabilistic estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits, and the estimated amounts of contained metal and mineralized rock. * Model lists briefly describing this mineral deposit type. * Mineral Deposits list and descriptions of known deposits. * Rationale for selecting the mineral deposit model, delineating tracts, and making numerical estimates o numbers of undiscovered deposits. 2) SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The Acrobat file 1_NATIONAL_ASSESSMENT.PDF was developed in Acrobat 5, and saved in Acrobat 4, so the file should be viewable in all recent versions of Acrobat Reader. However, the text was indexed in Acrobat 6. Consequently the indexes for searching text rapidly will not work with Acrobat Reader 5 and earlier. For that reason, Acrobat Reader 6 is stongly recommended. OFR 96-96 was developed in Acrobat 2.1. Here are the system requirements for several versions of Acrobat Reader: A color display monitor is strongly recommended with all platforms. Acrobat Reader 6 requirements: Macintosh PowerPC(r) G3 processor Mac OS v 10.2.2-10.2.6 32 MB of RAM with virtual memory on (64 MB recommended) 70 MB of available hard-disk space Windows Intel(r) Pentium(r) processor Microsoft(r) Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT(r) 4.0 with Service Pack 6, Windows 2000 with Service Pack 2, Windows XP Professional or Home Edition, Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 32 MB of RAM (64 MB recommended) 60 MB of available hard-disk space Internet Explorer 5.01, 5.5, 6.0, or 6.1 Acrobat Reader 5 requirements: Macintosh PowerPC(r) processor Mac OS software version 8.6, 9.0.4, 9.1, or Mac OS X 32 MB of RAM (with virtual memory on) (64 MB recommended) 150 MB of available hard-disk space Additional 70 MB of hard-disk space for Asian fonts (optional) Windows Intel(r) Pentium(r) processor Microsoft(r) Windows(r) 95 OSR 2.0, Windows 98, Windows Millennium, Windows NT(r)* 4.0 with Service Pack 5 or 6, Windows 2000, or Windows XP 32 MB of RAM (64 MB recommended) 150 MB of available hard-disk space Additional 70 MB of hard-disk space for Asian fonts (optional) Acrobat Reader 4 requirements: IBM AIX IBM AIX(r) 4.2.1 Common Desktop Environment (CDE) 1.0 or Motif(r) 32 MB of available RAM 12 MB of available hard-disk space DEC OSF/1 DEC OSF/1 version 4.0 32 MB of available RAM 12 MB of available hard-disk space HP-UX HP 9000 Series Workstation model 700 or higher Hewlett-Packard HP-UX version 9.0.3 X Window System(tm) X11R5 with HP-VUE or Common Desktop Environment (CDE) 1.0 or later 32 MB of available RAM 12 MB of available hard-disk space SGI IRIX Silicon Graphics(r) IRIX(tm) 5.3 32 MB of available RAM 12 MB of available hard-disk space Linux Red Hat(r) Linux(r) 5.1 (non glibc versions) or Slackware(r) Linux 2.0 (non-glibc versions) 32 MB of available RAM 12 MB of available hard-disk space Sun Solaris X86 and Sun Solaris SPARCstation(r) Sun(tm) Solaris(tm) 2.3 Sun OpenWindows(tm) 3.0 or later, Motif 1.2.3 or later, OpenLook 3.0, or Common Desktop Environment (CDE) 1.0 or later 32 MB of available RAM 12 MB of available hard-disk space Note: Acrobat Reader 4.0 will not run under SunOS(tm) or Solaris 2.0, 2.1, or 2.2. Acrobat Reader 3 requirements: Macintosh: Mac OS 7.0 or later Macintosh 68020-040: 2MB of application RAM Power Macintosh: 4.5MB of application RAM 5 MB hard disk space Windows: 386, 486, or Pentium (R) processor-based personal computer Microsoft(R) Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT(TM) 3.5 or later 4 MB of RAM 5 MB hard disk space DOS: 386- or 486-based personal computer (486 recommended) DOS version 3.3 or later 2 MB of application RAM (4 MB recommended) 5 MB hard disk space Unix: Sun(TM) SPARCstation(R) workstation SunOS(TM) version 4.1.3 or later, Solaris(R) 2.3 or 2.4 OpenWindows(TM) (3.0 or later) or the Motif(TM) window manager (version1.2.3 or later) 32 MB of RAM 8 MB of disk space HP Series 9000 workstation, model 700 or higher HP-UX 9.0.3 or later HPVUE desktop environment 32 MB of RAM 6 MB of disk space 5) DISC ORGANIZATION AND CONTENTS The assessment files are in several formats on the disc - Adobe Acrobat 4, Adobe Illustrator 8, ESRI ArcGIS 8.1 coverages and shapefiles, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft Word. Acrobat Reader installers are included on the disc. The following section describes the files on the CD-ROM. A) OFR 02-198 FILES The Open-File Report 02-198 desktop file icons are red in Mac OS. Descriptions follow in alphabetical order: * 1_NATIONAL_ASSESSMENT.PDF- Portable Document File (Acrobat) This file combines the information stored in all the files as a single browsable, 2718 page, 28 MB file. The file format is Adobe Portable Document File (PDF), which is readable by means of the freeware program, Acrobat Reader, included on the CD-ROM. Instructions below describe how to install and launch Acrobat, as well as how to, view, navigate, and search the file. * ACROBAT_4_AND_5 (Folder) - Acrobat Reader installers for most platforms B) ALASKA ASSESSMENT FILES The Alaska file icons are blue in Mac OS. Descriptions for the most important files and folders follow in alphabetical order: * Alaska_Asssessment\Doc-ReadMe1st.html (file), Documentation (folder) - User manual for Circular 1178 (Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator) This file launches the file documentation\userman.html, containing the PDF part of Circular 1178, tutorial for the graphical interface, etc. However, it will not launch the Circular 1178 graphical interface, which is not included in this disc. * Alaska_Asssessment\KNOWNDEP_AK.XLS - Significant Known Deposits of Alaska (Excel 4) This file consists of a select list of significant known deposits for the Alaska assessment. The deposits are located by 1:250,000 scale map sheet, latitude, and longitude. Most deposits have been classified by using the models described in MODLLIST.XLS. Deposits were selected by using guidelines for minimum amounts of contained metal (production + remaining resources). The guidelines are, in metric tons, Au - 2; Ag - 85; Cu - 50,000; Pb - 30,000; and Zn - 50,000. Singer (1995) indicated that deposits of this size should represent close to 99 percent of the metal that has been discovered. * Alaska_Asssessment\MODELLIST_AK.XLS - Description of Deposit Models (Excel 4) This file applies to both the Alaska and conterminous U.S. assessments. It presents brief geologic descriptions of the deposit models and principal geological references, as well as references to the grade and tonnage models upon which the assessments were based. Model number refers to the numerical designation used in Cox and Singer (1986) and subsequent publications. It is used for classification and refers to occurrence models. The Mark3 index is the serial identification number used in the simulation program and refers to exactly which grade and tonnage model is to be used. * Alaska_Asssessment\RATIONALE_AK.DOC - Permissive Tract Text Descriptions and Rationale for Estimates (Word 97-98) This file explains, for each tract and wherever estimates were made, the rationales for selecting the deposit model, for delineating the permissive tract, and for making the numerical estimates, as well as brief descriptions of typical deposits in the tract. The rationales are sorted by descriptive model. * Alaska_Asssessment\REFERENCE_AK.DOC - References for the Alaska assessment (Word 97-98) This file contains a list of references for the Alaska assessment. * Alaska_Asssessment\SHAPEFILES_AK (folder) - Tract maps in ESRI ArcGIS shapefile format. (ARC/INFO 7.0.3) This folder contains 165 tract maps in ESRI ArcGIS vector polygon shapefile format. Also included are the region and Alaska coastline polygon shapefiles. * Alaska_Asssessment\TRACTLIST_AK.XLS - Permissive Tracts and Estimated Numbers of Undiscovered Deposits (Excel 2000) This file shows the map layer (TRACTMAP file name, such as AKBS, AKCY, AKGQ2, and so forth), identifying number (Tract ID such as AK-AP01, AK-AP02, and so forth), deposit type, region, metallogenic age, probabilistic estimates of the numbers of undiscovered deposits, identity of estimators, and areal extent for each of the 165 permissive tracts in Alaska. * Alaska_Asssessment\TRACTMAPS_AK.AI - Tracts and regions in vector graphics format. (Adobe Illustrator 8) This 40 MB file contains all the tract maps organized into 39 separate layers in Adobe Illustrator format. C) OFR 96-96 FILES See the OFR 96-96 folder for these files. In Mac OS the file icons are green. Descriptions of the files follow in alphabetical order: *OFR96-96\INTRO.DOC - Abstract of assessment terms and methods (Word 5.1a) This explains the methods, terminology, computer programs, and statistical techniques used in the assessment. * OFR96-96\KNOWNDEP.XLS - Significant Known Deposits (Excel 2000) This file consists of a select list of significant known deposits. The deposits are located by State, county, latitude, and longitude. Most deposits have been classified by using the models described in MODLLIST. Deposits were selected by using guidelines for minimum amounts of contained metal (production + remaining resources). The guidelines are, in metric tons, Au - 2; Ag - 85; Cu - 50,000; Pb - 30,000; and Zn - 50,000. Singer (1995) indicated that deposits of this size should represent close to 99 percent of the metal that has been discovered. LAYER and TRACT ID in blue indicate deposits that have been classified by using the models and that were associated with an assessment tract. LAYER and TRACTID in black (Groups FFTG, MOCX, MOLF, NONE, PLAC, PMVC, PMVD, PMVG, PMVN, PMVP, PMVS, and SEDZ) indicate deposits that were not associated with an assessment tract. This file was assembled from the contributions of numerous individuals. It is incomplete, and production and remaining resource data are not yet ready for release. We encourage all who review this product to provide more information and to suggest other ways to improve this file. * OFR96-96\EXPORT (folder) - Tractmaps in ARC/INFO export format. (ARC/INFO 7.0.3) In this folder are 32 tractmap coverages in ARC/INFO export format. See TRACTMAP section below for further explanation. * OFR96-96\METLPLOT (folder) - Probabilistic Estimates of Amounts of Metal (Excel 4.0) In this folder are 236 Excel files, one for each permissive tract for which a numerical estimate of undiscovered deposits was made. Each is a stand-alone representation of the subjective estimate of resources made for that tract. Each file contains an input page, where the entire original output of the Mark3 simulator is stored, and various output pages; the latter is selectable by using the View tool, which is an Excel Add-in located on the Window menu. These data include listings of the model type, various quantiles and mean amounts of estimated metal, and cumulative and class-interval histograms of the amounts of estimated metal. * OFR96-96\MODLLIST.XLS - Description of Deposit Models (Excel 4.0) This file presents brief geologic descriptions of the deposit models and principal geological references, as well as references to the grade and tonnage models upon which this assessment is based. Model number refers to the numerical designation used in Cox and Singer (1986) and subsequent publications. It is used for classification and refers to occurrence models. The Mark3 index is the serial identification number used in the simulation program and refers to exactly which grade and tonnage model is to be used. * OFR96-96\MODLMETL (folder) - Tonnage and Contained Metals of Deposit Models (Excel 4.0) This folder contains 42 Excel files, 1 for each grade and tonnage model used in the assessment. Each file contains an input page, where the results of the Mark3 simulator are stored, and an output page, which is a report based on those data that includes quantiles and means of estimated metal, and cumulative and class-interval histograms of the amounts of estimated metal. The input data for these files were created by running the Mark3 simulator for the case where there is exactly one undiscovered deposit, known with 100 percent certainty. * OFR96-96\RATIONAL (folder) - Permissive Tract Descriptions and Rationale for Estimates (Word 5.1a) In this folder are 13 Word files, one file for each assessment region and one file for areas and deposit types that were not formally assessed. These files explain, for each tract and wherever estimates were made, the rationales for selecting the deposit model, for delineating the permissive tract, and for making the numerical estimates, as well as brief descriptions of typical deposits in the tract. The files are identified as follows: AD: Adirondack Mountains CP: Colorado Plateau CR: Central and Southern Rocky Mountains EC: East-central United States GB: Great Basin GP: Great Plains LS: Lake Superior NA: Northern Appalachian Mountains NR: Northern Rocky Mountains PC: Pacific Coast SA: Southern Appalachian Mountains SB: Southern Basin and Range UN: Unassessed The tract descriptions are sorted alphabetically by the four-character Tract ID, such as CR01, CR02, and so forth. This numbering system generally follows a north or northwest to south or southeast trend. * OFR96-96\REFERENC.doc - References for MODLLIST (Word 5.1a) This file contains a list of references for the file MODLLIST. * OFR96-96\TRACLIST - Permissive Tracts and Estimated Numbers of Undiscovered Deposits (Excel 4.0) This file shows the map layer (TRACTMAP file name, such as ALKG, BVMS, CVMS, and so forth), identifying number (Tract ID such as CR01, CR02, and so forth), State or States, deposit type, region, metallogenic age, probabilistic estimates of the numbers of undiscovered deposits, identity of estimators, and areal extent for each of the 282 permissive tracts in the conterminous United States. * OFR96-96\TRACTMAP (folder) - Maps Showing Permissive Tracts and Mineral Provinces (Illustrator 5.5) In this folder are 33 Illustrator files, 32 of which are maps showing the outlines of the permissive tracts described in TRACLIST and 1 file which is a base map showing State and assessment region boundaries. The locations of the deposits in KNOWNDEP that have been classified by model are shown by small numbered dots in the tract to which they belong: the numbers correspond to those used in KNOWNDEP. Maps are provided only for deposit types for which assessments were made; thus, some deposits in KNOWNDEP (Groups FFTG, MOCX, MOLF, NONE, PLAC, PMVC, PMVD, PMVG, PMVN, PMVP, PMVS, and SEDZ) are not depicted on any map. The 32 maps are named with the four-character layer abbreviations shown in the Acrobat bookmarks and TRACLIST. The file names are ALKG, BVMS, CVMS, and so forth. When printing maps from Illustrator, the map scale and the area to be printed can be changed with the Page Setup dialog and the Page tool, respectively. When printing maps from Acrobat, only the scale can be changed. The default Page Setup is for tabloid 11- x 17-inch paper, which is about 1:13 million scale. 6) ACROBAT READER INSTALLATION Installation procedures vary slightly among the five platforms listed below, but, generically, the procedure is as follows: 1. Copy the 1_NATIONAL_ASSESSMENT.PDF file to your hard drive if 36 MB is available. 2. Install Acrobat Reader 4 or later on your hard drive if not already installed. The installers for most platforms are included in the disc in the folder Acrobat_Reader_4_and_5. The Macintosh Acrobat Reader Installer may ask for a web connection. For Macintosh OS 9.x and earlier, after installation and before launching Acrobat Reader, set the application memory size to 12 MB or greater. This is accomplished by single clicking on the Acrobat Reader application to highlight it, then go to the File menu, Get Info. Drag on General Information to go to the Memory section and set Preferred Size to 12000 K. 3. Launch Acrobat Reader and then open the 1_NATIONAL_ASSESSMENT.PDF file. Double-clicking on the file may open the wrong version of Acrobat Reader. 7) HINTS FOR USING ACROBAT The Acrobat toolbar is located along the top of the Acrobat screen. Most of the tools are self-explanatory. The arrow keys on the left move one page at a time. The bar-arrow tools go to the first or last page in the file. The arrow tools on the right allow the user to go back and retrace previous views. This is important because most documents lack a "back" button. The maps, spreadsheets, and text files are browsable by single clicking on the blue hypertext links and selectable areas on the maps. The cursor changes to a pointing hand over links. For instance, the zoom tool, which is a magnifying glass, works by clicking on a point or dragging a rectangle. However, if the magnifying glass changes to a pointing hand, indicating that it is over a link, a mouse click will select the link instead of zooming. The bookmarks in the left-hand column allow random access to all pages. The small triangles at the extreme left expand individual bookmark chapter headings. In the Acrobat file, the words, including those in the maps, are searchable with the binocular tool. The second and third tools from the left allow switching between bookmark and thumbnail views in the left-side scrollable area. Owners of older computers may wish to interrupt a slow-drawing map. If this is the case simply select another destination in the bookmarks. This stops the current map drawing and displays the next document. On the Macintosh, hold down the Command and period keys to interrupt the current map draw. 8) ACROBAT TUTORIAL The following Acrobat Tutorial demonstrates the major parts of the data base. The user can open the NATLASMT.PDF document twice to keep these instructions available in another window. Use the Window menu to switch between screens. In the bookmarks column on the left, select the triangle in front of "Region Maps" to expand it. Expand the Conterminous U.S. bookmark. Select the "GB: Great Basin" bookmark. Select "GB30 Sediment-hosted Au" deposit type. Select any of the tracts or tract labels to see the map key. Select the GB30 row blue button under Rationale. Select "Cumulative Distribution". Select the "Go to Previous View" arrow on the tool bar above the graph. Select "Histogram" in the rationale. Select the "Go to Previous View" arrow on the tool bar above the graph. Select "Table" in the rationale. Select the "print version" text in the upper right. This is the same information as the last screen, formatted for a laserwriter. Select the File menu, Print. Type in ONLY the current page number shown in the bottom margin in both "From" and "To" boxes. Otherwise it will try to print all 2677 pages. Select the "Go to Previous View" arrow on the tool bar TWICE to return to the rationale. Select "Model". The correct model is number 17 at the bottom. Select the "Go to Previous View" arrow on the tool bar. Select "Mineral Deposits" in the rationale. Select the GB30 text in the deposit list. Select any of the tracts or tract labels to see the map key. 9) DISCLAIMER This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by an agency of the U. S. Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Government or any agency thereof. Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by that agency as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and/(or) the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data, software, or related materials. Graphical map depictions on this disc are intended to be used within the map scale limits applicable to the source data. Although software enables the user to view images on the disc at various scales, the user is cautioned that enlarging the maps beyond a scale of 1:1,000,000 is not warranted. README