U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Geochemical Characterization of Drainage Prior to Reclamation at the Abandoned Valzinco Mine, Spotsylvania County, Virginia 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-360

by

Robert R. Seal, II1, Adam N. Johnson2, Jane M. Hammarstrom3, and Allen L. Meier4

1U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, VA 20192; rseal@usgs.gov
2U.S. Geological Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave., Helena, MT 59601; anjohnson@usgs.gov
3U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, VA 20192; jhammars@usgs.gov
4U.S. Geological Survey, 973 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225; ameier@usgs.gov

Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER	3
INTRODUCTION	4
SITE DESCRIPTION	4
GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY	4
MINING HISTORY	5
WATER QUALITY	6
SUMMARY	13
REFERENCES	17

FIGURE 1: Map of upper reaches of Knight’s Branch	5
FIGURE 2: Map of abandoned Valzinco mine site	7
FIGURE 3: Variations of various dissolved iron, aluminum, and sulfate with pH	8
FIGURE 4: Variations of dissolved zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper with pH	9
FIGURE 5: Seasonal variations of pH and dissolved iron and aluminum concentrations	11
FIGURE 6: Seasonal variations of dissolved zinc, lead, and copper concentrations	12
FIGURE 7: Seasonal variations of flow, and dissolved zinc concentrations and loads	14
FIGURE 8: Seasonal variations of dissolved iron and lead concentrations and loads	15

TABLE 1: Ranges in concentrations of dissolved constituents in Knight’s Branch	10
TABLE 2: Acid and metal loads in Knight’s Branch	16

APPENDIX 1:  Descriptions of Sample Sites	19
APPENDIX 2:  Field and Analytical Methods	19
APPENDIX 3: Quality-Control and Quality-Assurance Data	20
APPENDIX 4: Water-Quality Data	29

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER
This project was conducted in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy.  Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program and the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy Orphaned Mine Lands Program.  The cooperation and support of Allen Bishop and Robert Sobeck of the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy are greatly appreciated.  David Haffner, Rama Krishnaswamy, Andrew Ouimette, Greg Wandless, and John Wormington assisted in the field work.  The manuscript benefited from reviews by Nadine Piatak, Gregory Wandless, and Robert Sobeck.
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with the U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.  Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Geological Survey has undertaken a three part study of water chemistry at the abandoned Valzinco mine, in the Knight’s Branch watershed in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy.  The first part is a detailed water-quality sampling study.  The purpose of this sampling is to delineate the complexity and variety of geochemical environments at the site.  The second part is pre-reclamation water-quality sampling at one point upstream of the mine site and at two points downstream of the mine site conducted on a quarterly basis.  The purpose of this sampling is to provide a pre-reclamation assessment of seasonal variations of acid and metal concentrations in Knight’s Branch to serve as a baseline from which to judge the success of the reclamation project. The third part is post-reclamation water-quality study to be initiated in Summer 2002.

SITE DESCRIPTION
The Valzinco abandoned mine (38° 10.68’ N; 77° 47.90’ W), also known as the Halladay or Holloday mine (Luttrell, 1966) is located at the headwaters of Knight’s Branch in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, approximately 2.2 km south-southwest of Porters, Virginia on the Belmont 7.5’ quadrangle.  Knight’s Branch flows into Northeast Creek, which flows into the North Anna River below Lake Anna Dam.  The Anna River empties into the Chesapeake Bay.  The site consisted of both underground mine workings and mine tailings deposited within and adjacent to the stream channel. No effluent from the mine workings was identified.  The tailings cover approximately 40,000 square meters.  The pre-reclamation location of the road and bridge represented a dam structure that apparently contained the spent tailings. Tailings deposits downstream from the road represent material that was eroded and transported as part of the sediment load of Knight’s Branch.  Significant transported deposits were located immediately below the road and approximately 200 m downstream (Fig. 1). The deposits located 200 m downstream remain today.  The Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy began reclamation of the site in April 2001 and completed the project in April 2002.
The Mitchell mine is located approximately 1.5 km downstream of Valzinco, also within the Knight’s Branch watershed.  The Mitchell mine is an abandoned gold mine, and consists of approximately twelve pits and shafts, some water filled, and covered dumps (Sweet, 1980).  A significant accumulation of tailings material is present on the banks of Knight’s Branch at the Mitchell mine.  At present, it is uncertain whether the waste material was transported fluvially downstream from Valzinco, or if it was generated locally.

GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
The Valzinco deposit is hosted by metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the Chopawamsic Formation in the Virginia gold-pyrite belt (Pavlides and others, 1982). The belt compromises metamorphosed volcanic and clastic sedimentary rocks that were originally deposited approximately 460 million years ago (Horton and others, 1998). The host rocks in the mine area have been metamorphosed to upper greenschist to lower amphibolite grade to form quartz-sericite schists (Pavlides and others, 1982). The deposits occur as two subparallel massive sulfide lenses that strike approximately N40E and dip at an angle of 60 to 70° SE, crossing the foliation in the country rock. The Holloday “vein”, and the Discovery “vein” were found during exploration drilling in the 1940s.  The Holloday orebody, the larger of the two, was mined to a depth of approximately 115 m, along a strike length of approximately 180 m, and vein thickness varied from 0.6 to 3.0 m, with an average thickness of 1.2 m; the Discovery orebody was mined to a depth of approximately 75 m to within 15 m of the surface, with a strike length of 95 m (Poole, 1974).

Figure 1.  Map of the upper reaches of the Knight’s Branch watershed showing the distribution of water-quality sample sites and tailings.  VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 are the quarterly sampling sites.  Contour interval is 20 feet.  Roads are indicated by heavy lines.

The ore consists of massive accumulations of pyrite (FeS2), sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), and minor chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS).  Gangue mineralogy includes quartz, chlorite, and magnetite.  In the immediate vicinity of the orebodies, the wallrocks have been silicified, pyritized, and chloritized (Poole, 1974).  The geologic and geochemical features of the deposit conform to the “Kuroko-type” classification of seafloor massive sulfide deposits, which is characterized by massive accumulations of pyrite, with subordinate amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena; host rocks are typified by a felsic-dominated suite of bimodal volcanic rocks, with associated siliciclastic sedimentary rocks (Seal and others, 2000).

MINING HISTORY
Valzinco is a lead-zinc deposit that contains minor amounts of copper.  The mine was opened in 1914 by the Virginia Lead and Zinc Company.  Initially, the ores were hauled to a mill at the Allah-Cooper mine approximately 29 km to the southwest.  Between 1914 and 1918, the mine produced about 5,000 short tons (4,500 metric tonnes) of ore averaging 5 percent lead and 12.5 percent zinc (Grosh, 1949).  The mine changed hands in the 1920s and although some development work occurred, no production records exist.  In 1942, Panaminus, Inc. reopened the mine with on-site processing facilities consisting of a modern mill with the capacity of handling 100 tons of ore per day and a flotation plant and at the same time, they dewatered the 360-foot level of the mine (Poole, 1974).  The mine was worked from a 75 m vertical main shaft, to a depth of 105 m below the shaft.  Initially, the mining method was shrinkage stoping but problems with bad ground necessitated a change to stulled stoping (Grosh, 1949).  Underground workings included five mine levels and more than 1,500 m of workings (Grosh, 1949).  The ore processed in the flotation plant averaged 7.5 percent zinc, 3.5 percent lead, and 1 percent copper and the products included a lead-zinc concentrate and a zinc concentrate.  The U.S. Bureau of Mines drilled the deposit in 1943 to outline the orebody and increase reserves (Grosh, 1949).  Fine-grained tailings from the 1940s mining operations were deposited in and along Knight’s Branch resulting in an impacted area of about 40,000 square meters. The mill foundation and a concrete silo remain on the site.  Poole (1974) reported that dump material was removed and used for road metal for logging roads in the area and for fill.

WATER QUALITY
Sample Sites
The sample sites for the first part of the study were selected to characterize the diversity and complexity of geochemical environments in and around the Valzinco site (Figs. 1 and 2).  Sample sites are described in Appendix 1.  At various times, water samples were collected from the main channel of Knight’s Branch and include, from upstream to downstream: VLZN-13, VLZN-6, VLZN-1, VLZN-4, VLZN-3, and VLZN-11.  VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 are also the three sites selected for quarterly sampling.  Samples were also collected from seeps emanating from beneath the tailings (VLZN-8, VLZN-9), downstream from seeps, prior to entering Knight’s Branch (VLZN-2, VLZN-7, VLZN-12), and from a small highly concentrated puddle on the tailings (VLZN-10).  Reconnaissance sampling of the site was conducted in May 1998.  Pre-reclamation quarterly sampling was initiated in July 1999, and continued until April 2001, just prior to the start of reclamation.  Water sampling protocols are summarized in Appendix 2 and are modified from the procedures outlined by Ficklin and Mosier (1999).

Results
Geochemical data are summarized in Appendices 3 and 4.  Appendix 3 summarizes quality-control and quality-assurance data, and Appendix 4 summarizes the water-quality data from the study.  In general, the regional surface waters, upgradient from the mine site (VLZN-6, and VLZN-13), are dilute (< 23 mg/L TDS), slightly acidic (pH = 4.4 to 6.0), and dominated by Na and Cl.  Alkalinity is less than 15 mg/L CaCO3 equivalent, and the hardness is less than 10 mg/L CaCO3 equivalent.  Thus, the watershed has limited natural acid-neutralizing capacity and the low hardness enhances the toxicity of metals such as Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd.
At various locations around the impacted site, total dissolved solids (TDS) range from 20 to 17,000 mg/L and pH ranges from 1.1 to 6.4.  The dissolved chemistry is dominated by Fe and SO4 as the dominant cationic and anionic constituents, respectively (Fig. 3).  In general, all waters are near saturation with respect to dissolved oxygen.  Dissolved metals show a negative correlation with respect to pH (Figs. 3 and 4).  In impacted waters, the concentrations of dissolved constituents span a wide range in SO4 (28 to 53,600 mg/L), Fe (3.6 to 11,000 mg/L), Al (0.0015 to 800 mg/L), Zn (0.65 to 2,300 mg/L), Pb (0.5 to 2,800 mg/L), Cu (0.001 to 59.0 mg/L), and Cd (<0.02 to 3,000 mg/L).  Invariably, the highest concentrations are associated with sample VLZN-10-2 (Figs. 3 and 4), which represents an anomalous geochemical setting.  This sample probably represents undiluted leachate from the waste pile.  As such, it may be the best candidate for end-member acid-mine drainage at the site.

Figure 2.  Map showing details of abandoned Valzinco mine site including sample sites.  Sites VLZN-3 and VLZN-13 are quarterly sampling sites.  Cross-hatched pattern indicates the extent of tailings.  Streams are indicated by heavy solid lines.  Contour interval is 20 feet.  Roads are indicated by dashed lines.  The road running roughly from sample site VLZN-2 to VLZN-4 marks the location of the tailings dam.  All tailings to the east of this structure have been transported fluvially downstream.

With the exception of VLZN-2, all waters at the site, including Knight’s Branch at the downstream extent of the site (VLZN-3) and 1.3 km downstream (VLZN-11), exceed USEPA guidelines for acute and chronic toxicity in aquatic ecosystems for Fe, Al, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd

Figure 3.  Plots of dissolved concentrations of Fe, Al, and sulfate versus pH.  “Various” sites are all of those other than VLZN-3, VLZN-6, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13.

Figure 4.  Plots of dissolved concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu versus pH.  “Various” sites are all of those other than VLZN-3, VLZN-6, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13.

(Figs. 3 and 4, Table 1; Smith and Huyck, 1999).  Toxicity standards were calculated assuming a hardness of 10 mg/L CaCO3 equivalent, which is representative of Knight’s Branch upstream of the site.  Concentrations of Ag, Ni, Se, and Tl are below acute toxicity levels, as would be expected for this deposit type (Seal and others, 2000).  In addition, As and Se are below aquatic ecosystem toxicity guidelines (Table 1).

In Knight’s Branch downstream from the site (VLZN-3 and VLZN-11), the seasonal variations in chemistry are more limited than the spatial variations shown around the site (Figs. 5 and 6).  Flow in Knight’s Branch at VLZN-3 is estimated to have varied from a low of approximately 0.2 L/sec (0.007 cfs) in the summer to a high near 220 L/sec (7.73 cfs) in the spring during the sampling periods.  The pH ranged from a low of 2.6 to a high of 3.9.  Total dissolved solids varied from 78 to 1,000 mg/L.  Variations in dissolved constituents are summarized in Table 1.  Comparison of the maximum concentrations of individual constituents between VLZN-3 and VLZN-11 suggests that the fluvial tailings between VLZN-3 and VLZN-11 may be contributing significantly to the metal and acid load of Knight’s Branch (Figs. 5 and 6; Table 1).  The fluvial tailings between VLZN-3 and VLZN-11 were not addressed in the recently completed reclamation project.

Table 1.  Range in concentrations of dissolved constituents in Knight’s Branch relative to appropriate acute toxicity guidelines for aquatic ecosystems.
		VLZN-3	VLZN-11	
	Acute Toxicity	Low	High	Low	High	
pH		2.6	3.9	2.4	3.6	
Specific conductance (mS/cm)		0.089	1.225	0.090	1.540	
Acidity (mg/L CaCO3)		58.7	417.2	28.3	497.2	
SO4 (mg/L)		27	1,400	26	1,700	
Fe (mg/L)	1.0†	5.0	69.7	1.9	106.0	
Ag (mg/L)	0.08*	<0.01	0.04	<0.01	0.02	
Al (mg/L)	0.750	0.63	19.5	0.52	31.2	
As (mg/L)	360	<0.2	1	<0.2	0.9	
Cd (mg/L)	0.3*	3.2	88	1.7	99	
Cu (mg/L)	2.0*	49	2,200	38	2,800	
Ni (mg/L)	202.0*	2.0	37	2.4	50	
Pb (mg/L)	4.4*	170	1,300	130	1,600	
Sb (mg/L)	9,000	0.03	0.20	<0.02	0.31	
Se (mg/L)	20	<0.2	0.7	<0.2	0.4	
Tl (mg/L)	1,400	<0.05	0.3	<0.05	0.09	
Zn (mg/L)	0.017*	1.9	27.0	1.0	27.0	
*Hardness-based toxicity criteria were calculated assuming a hardness of 10 mg/L CaCO3, which is representative of the Knight’s Branch watershed upstream of the mine site (VLZN-13).
†Value is chronic toxicity criterion.

Acid and Metal Loading
Loading from the Valzinco site to Knight’s Branch varies as a function of concentration and flow.  Total and dissolved concentrations of constituents are presented in Appendix 4.  Flow proved difficult to determine accurately in the field in Knight’s Branch because of the lack of narrow and distinctly channelized flow of significant velocity to be measured.  Because of these challenges, large uncertainties exist in the flows measured in the field.  Thus, for the purpose of load calculations, flows were estimated on the basis of gauged flows recorded for the nearby Po River.  Flows measured by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey from the Po River watershed (77.4 square miles) were scaled down for the Knight’s Branch watershed at VLZN-3 (0.95 square miles) and at VLZN-11 (1.46 square miles) proportionally to the differences in the areas of the watersheds (Fig. 7a).  In addition, the representativeness of the calculated loads for the time periods sampled is variable because the waters were collected as grab samples.

Figure 5.  Quarterly variations of pH, and dissolved Fe and Al at sites VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 (upstream).

Figure 6.  Quarterly variations of dissolved Zn, Pb, and Cu at sites VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 (upstream).
Loads calculated for Zn, Fe, and Pb, as representative constituents, for VLZN-3 at the downstream end of the abandoned mine site show limited seasonal correlation with concentration (Figs. 7 and 8).  For Zn, and Fe, loads peak in Spring 2000 as dissolved concentrations reach relative minimums (Figs. 7b, 8a), which suggest that dilution due to increased flows caused concentrations to drop, even though loads increased.  In contrast, Pb concentrations show a slight relative increase and the Pb load peaks in Spring 2000 (Fig. 8b).  The slight increase in dissolved Pb concentration is accompanied by a drop in dissolved sulfate concentration, which suggests that the precipitation of PbSO4 (anglesite) may be exerting a control on Pb solubility.  In general, loads decrease on a mass basis in the order (Table 2):
SO4 > acidity > Fe > Zn > Al > Pb > Cu > Cd.
Periodic changes in this order occurred on a sample-date by sample-date basis.

SUMMARY
Prior to reclamation, the weathering of waste material derived from the abandoned Valzinco mine, which exploited a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit primarily for its Zn and Pb content, significantly impacted the water quality of the Knight’s Branch watershed.  Waste materials included original deposits of tailings material and tailings that have been eroded, transported fluvially downstream and redeposited in quiescent settings.  Impacts included low pH (2.6 to 3.9), high total dissolved solids (60 to 1,000 mg/L), and elevated dissolved metal concentrations.  Specifically, Fe, Al, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd exceed acute water-quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystem health.  Comparison of water-quality parameters between site VLZN-3 at the downstream limit of the reclamation project and site VLZN-11 approximately 1.3 km downstream of the site VLZN-3 suggests that fluvial tailings between the two sites contribute significantly to impaired downstream water quality.

Figure 7.  Seasonal variations of flow and dissolved Zn concentrations and loads.  a. Estimated flow at site VLZN-3 based on gauged flow from the nearby Po River normalized to the catchment area of VLZN-3.  Solid squares indicate sampling dates. b. Quarterly variations of dissolved zinc concentrations and loads.

Figure 8.  Quarterly variations of dissolved iron and lead concentrations and loads.

Table 2.  Estimate of dissolved acid and metal daily loads in surface waters at site VLZN-3
	Daily Load (grams)	
Acidity (CaCO3 equivalent)		
7/21/1999	7,210	
11/5/1999	80,580	
2/3/2000	61,380	
4/26/2000	572,190	
7/20/2000	85,100	
10/24/2000	13,030	
2/7/2001	84,600	
4/30/2001		
Sulfate (SO4)		
7/21/1999	24,190	
11/5/1999	82,680	
2/3/2000	70,010	
4/26/2000	510,880	
7/20/2000	91,450	
10/24/2000	12,040	
2/7/2001	85,780	
4/30/2001	40,590	
Iron (Fe)		
7/21/1999	1,200	
11/5/1999	13,530	
2/3/2000	15,340	
4/26/2000	94,610	
7/20/2000	16,800	
10/24/2000	1,350	
2/7/2001	15,280	
4/30/2001	5,560	
Aluminum (Al)		
7/21/1999	336	
11/5/1999	1,654	
2/3/2000	1,151	
4/26/2000	20,814	
7/20/2000	1,306	
10/24/2000	162	
2/7/2001	2,115	
4/30/2001	474	
Zinc (Zn)		
7/21/1999	467	
11/5/1999	3,608	
2/3/2000	2,781	
4/26/2000	35,951	
7/20/2000	5,226	
10/24/2000	470	
2/7/2001	4,465	
4/30/2001	2,330	

Table 2 (continued). Estimate of dissolved acid and metal daily loads in surface waters at site VLZN-3
	Daily Load (grams)	
Lead (Pb)		
7/21/1999	23	
11/5/1999	256	
2/3/2000	173	
4/26/2000	4,920	
7/20/2000	289	
10/24/2000	34	
2/7/2001	376	
4/30/2001	128	
Copper (Cu)		
7/21/1999	38	
11/5/1999	105	
2/3/2000	87	
4/26/2000	2,271	
7/20/2000	149	
10/24/2000	7	
2/7/2001	164	
4/30/2001	48	
Cadmium (Cd)		
7/21/1999	2	
11/5/1999	7	
2/3/2000	7	
4/26/2000	146	
7/20/2000	9	
10/24/2000	1	
2/7/2001	11	
4/30/2001	5	

REFERENCES
Crock, J.G., Arbogast, B.F., and Lamothe, P. J., 1999, Laboratory methods for the analysis of environmental samples, in Plumlee, G.S., and Logsdon, M.J. (eds.), The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part A. Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues: Society of Economic Geologists, Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 265-287.
Ficklin, W.H., and Mosier, E.L., 1999, Field methods for sampling and analysis of environmental samples for unstable and selected stable constituents, in Plumlee, G.S., and Logsdon, M.J. (eds.), The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part A. Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues: Society of Economic Geologists, Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 249-264.
Grosh, W.A., 1949, Investigation of Valzinco lead-zinc mine, Spotsylvania County, Virginia: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4403, 7 p.
Horton, J.W., Jr., Aleinikoff, J.N., Drake, A.A., Jr., and Fanning, C.M., 1998, Significance of Middle to Late Ordovician volcanic-arc rocks in the central Appalachian Piedmont, Maryland and Virginia:  Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, p. 125.
Luttrell, G.W., 1966, Base- and precious-metal and related ore deposits of Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral resources, Mineral Resources Report 7, 167 p.
Pavlides, L., Gair, J.E., and Cranford, S.L., 1982, Central Virginia volcanic-plutonic belt as a host for massive sulfide deposits: Economic Geology, v. 77, p. 233-272.
Poole, J.L., 1974, Notes on some abandoned copper, lead, and zinc mines in the Piedmont of Virginia: Virginia Minerals, v. 20, 6 p.
Seal, R.R.,II, Hammarstrom, J.M., Foley, N.K., and Alpers, C.N., 2000, Geoenvironmental models for seafloor base- and precious-metal massive sulfide deposits: Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., Denver, CO, v. 1, p. 151-160.
Smith, K.S., and Huyck, H.L.O., 1999, An overview of the abundance, relative mobility, bioavailability, and human toxicity of metals, in Plumlee, G.S., and Logsdon, M.J., eds., The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits, Part A, Processes, techniques, and health issues: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 29-70.
Sweet, P.C., 1980, Gold in Virginia:  Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 19, 77 p.

APPENDIX 1: DESCRIPTIONS OF SAMPLE SITES
VLZN-1:  38° 10.678’ N, 77° 47.902' W; Knight’s Branch beneath the powerlines.
VLZN-2: Ponded, oxidized seep water on south side of Knight’s Branch and road across dam; contains abundant Fe floc.
VLZN-3: 38° 10.640’ N, 77° 47.569’ W; Knight’s Branch at downstream extent of reclamation project; quarterly monitoring site.
VLZN-4: 38° 10.683’ N, 77° 47.908’ W; Knight’s Branch just upstream of the bridge.
VLZN-6: 38° 10.666’ N, 77° 47.908’ W; Knight’s Branch upstream from tailings.
VLZN-7: 38° 10.655’ N, 77° 47.850’ W; small tributary emptying into Knight’s Branch from the south.
VLZN-8: 38° 10.630’ N, 77° 47.818’ W; small flow emerging from beneath the flotation pond dam, south of Knight’s Branch.
VLZN-9: Flow from seeps emerging from the road dam.
VLZN-10: Small, highly concentrated puddle (< 3 L total volume) in gulley under powerlines.
VLZN-11: 38° 10.587’ N, 77° 46.969’ W;  Knight’s Branch approximately 1 km downstream from VLZN-3; quarterly monitoring site.
VLZN-12:  Channelized flow from seeps emerging from the road dam, prior to entering the main channel of Knight’s Branch.
VLZN-13: 38° 10. 753’ N, 77° 46.970’W; Knight’s Branch upstream from the mine site, just below the confluence of two small tributaries; quarterly monitoring site.

APPENDIX 2: FIELD AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Water samples were collected in one-liter high-density polyethylene bottles that were doubly-rinsed with sample water prior to collection.  Samples were divided into four splits for chemical analysis: two for cation analysis, one for anion analysis, and one for alkalinity determination.  The cations splits included filtered (dissolved: FA) and unfiltered (total acid soluble: RA) aliquots.  Samples were filtered through 0.45 mm nitrocellulose filters.  Cation splits were stored at ambient temperature in acid-washed (10 % HCl) high-density polyethylene bottles and preserved with 1 drop of ultra-pure nitric acid per each 10 ml of sample.  Anion and alkalinity splits were stored in high-density polyethylene bottles that were not acid-washed and were refrigerated until the time that they were analyzed.
On-site measurements at the time of collection included air temperature, water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, dissolved ferrous iron, dissolved total iron, dissolved sulfate, dissolved nitrate, and water flow.  Methods were similar to those outlined by Ficklin and Mosier (1999).  The pH was measured using an Orion 230A pH meter with a 91-07 probe, calibrated with pH = 4.00 and 7.00 buffer solutions.  Specific conductance was measured with an Orion 135 specific conductance meter.  Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined with Chemetrix high-range ampoules.  Dissolved total iron, and ferrous iron concentrations were determined in the field using a Hach DR2000 spectrophotometer.  Alkalinity samples were analyzed by Gran titration with 0.18 N H2SO4.
Laboratory analytical methods are summarized by Crock and others (1999).  Cations were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey (Central Mineral Resources Team) laboratories in Denver, CO by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).  Anions were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey (Water Resources Division) laboratories in Ocala, FL by ion chromatography (IC: chloride, and sulfate).

APPENDIX 3: QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	Sample Type	Date	pH	Spec.Cond.	IC	IC	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
				mS/cm	Cl	SO4	Ag	Al	As	
					mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	Field Blank	4/7/1998					< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB040798 RA	Field Blank	4/7/1998					< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB070698 RA	Field Blank	7/6/1998					0.06	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB070698 RA	Field Blank	7/6/1998					< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB070698 FA	Field Blank	7/6/1998					0.03	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB082598 RA	Field Blank	8/25/1998					0.02	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB082598 FA	Field Blank	8/25/1998					0.01	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB052898 FA	Field Blank	5/28/1998					< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB052898 RA	Field Blank	5/28/1998					< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.2	
FB060599FA	Field Blank	6/5/1999					0.3	<0.6	0.3	
FB060599 RA	Field Blank	6/5/1999					0.1	<0.6	<0.2	
FB042600 FA	Field Blank	4/26/2000					0.04	1	0.2	
FB042600 RA	Field Blank	4/26/2000					0.02	<0.5	0.2	
FB042600D FA	Field Blank	4/26/2000					0.01	<0.5	0.2	
FB042600D RA	Field Blank	4/26/2000					<0.01	<0.5	0.3	
FB72000 FA	Field Blank	7/20/2000					<0.01	<0.6	1.5	
FB72000 RA	Field Blank	7/20/2000					<0.01	<0.6	0.9	
FB102400 FA	Field Blank	10/24/2000					0.02	0.2	<0.2	
FB102400 RA	Field Blank	10/24/2000					0.02	<0.2	<0.2	
FB42401 RA	Field Blank	4/24/2001					<0.05	<0.1	<0.2	
FB 42401 FA	Field Blank	4/24/2001					<0.05	<0.1	<0.2	
FB 5201 RA	Field Blank	5/2/2001					<0.05	<0.1	<0.2	
FB 5201 FA	Field Blank	5/2/2001					<0.05	<0.1	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4 FA	Duplicate	2/3/2000	3.93	139.0	5.6	73	<0.01	830	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4 RA	Duplicate	2/3/2000	3.93	139.0			<0.01	830	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4D FA	Duplicate	2/3/2000	3.95	138.7	5.7	72	<0.01	860	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4D RA	Duplicate	2/3/2000	3.95	138.7			<0.01	860	<0.2	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Au	Ba	Be	Bi	Ca	Cd	Ce	Co	Cr	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	< 0.01	0.2	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB040798 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB070698 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB082598 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB082598 FA	< 0.01	2	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB052898 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB052898 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 1	
FB060599FA		0.6	<0.05		<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	0.02	<1	
FB060599 RA		0.5	<0.05		<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	0.02	<1	
FB042600 FA	< 0.01	0.3	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB042600 RA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB042600D FA	< 0.01	0.4	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB042600D RA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB72000 FA	< 0.01	0.8	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB72000 RA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB102400 FA	< 0.01	0.6	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB102400 RA	< 0.01	0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB42401 RA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB 42401 FA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB 5201 RA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	0.03	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
FB 5201 FA	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.05	< 0.01	<0.05	<0.02	< 0.01	<0.02	<1	
VLZN-3-4 FA	< 0.01	30	0.1	< 0.01	1.5	6.9	9.1	19	<1	
VLZN-3-4 RA	< 0.01	32	0.2	< 0.01	1.5	6.9	9.2	20	<1	
VLZN-3-4D FA	< 0.01	30	0.09	< 0.01	1.6	7	9.2	20	<1	
VLZN-3-4D RA	< 0.01	30	0.2	< 0.01	1.5	6.9	9.4	20	<1	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Cs	Cu	Dy	Er	Eu	Fe	Ga	Gd	Ge	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB040798 RA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB070698 FA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB082598 RA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB082598 FA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB052898 FA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB052898 RA	< 0.01	< 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 10	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB060599FA		<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<30		< 0.005		
FB060599 RA		<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<30		< 0.005		
FB042600 FA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<6	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.03	
FB042600 RA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<6	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.03	
FB042600D FA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<6	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.03	
FB042600D RA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<6	< 0.02	0.006	< 0.03	
FB72000 FA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	2	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB72000 RA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	2	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB102400 FA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<2	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB102400 RA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	<2	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB42401 RA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	5.8	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB 42401 FA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	5.4	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB 5201 RA	< 0.01	0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	5.9	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
FB 5201 FA	< 0.01	<0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	3.7	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4 FA	< 0.01	91	0.42	0.18	0.16	11000	< 0.02	0.74	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4 RA	< 0.01	90	0.46	0.2	0.16	11000	< 0.02	0.74	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4D FA	< 0.01	90	0.41	0.2	0.16	11000	< 0.02	0.77	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4D RA	< 0.01	89	0.44	0.18	0.17	11000	< 0.02	0.77	< 0.02	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Ho	In	K	La	Mg	Mn	Mo	Na	Nd	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	< 0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.2	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB040798 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	< 0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.2	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB070698 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	2.1	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.4	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB070698 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB070698 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	2.6	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB082598 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	3.1	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.2	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB082598 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	3.5	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.2	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB052898 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	< 0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB052898 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	< 0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	
FB060599FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<2	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.03	0.9	0.01	< 0.01	
FB060599 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	7.5	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.03	0.28	0.01	< 0.01	
FB042600 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<20	< 0.01	<0.01	0.56	0.2	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB042600 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<20	< 0.01	<0.01	0.36	0.1	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB042600D FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<20	< 0.01	<0.01	0.24	0.1	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB042600D RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<20	< 0.01	<0.01	0.27	0.07	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB72000 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<2	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.03	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB72000 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<2	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.03	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB102400 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<7	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.02	0.08	0.01	< 0.01	
FB102400 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	<7	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.02	0.05	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB42401 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	4	< 0.01	<0.01	0.02	0.4	0.01	< 0.01	
FB 42401 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	6	< 0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.2	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB 5201 RA	< 0.005	< 0.01	7	< 0.01	<0.01	0.03	0.05	<0.01	< 0.01	
FB 5201 FA	< 0.005	< 0.01	6	< 0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.03	<0.01	< 0.01	
VLZN-3-4 FA	0.069	0.01	1400	4.5	2.2	410	0.02	2.8	4.6	
VLZN-3-4 RA	0.078	0.01	1400	4.6	2.2	420	< 0.02	2.8	4.7	
VLZN-3-4D FA	0.075	0.01	1500	4.5	2.3	420	0.03	2.9	4.4	
VLZN-3-4D RA	0.079	0.01	1500	4.6	2.3	420	0.03	2.8	4.6	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Ni	P	Pb	Pr	Rb	Re	Sb	Se	SiO2	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	< 0.1		0.07	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB040798 RA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB070698 RA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB070698 RA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB070698 FA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB082598 RA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB082598 FA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB052898 FA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB052898 RA	< 0.1		< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB060599FA	0.1	< 1	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01		0.21	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB060599 RA	0.1	< 1	<0.05	< 0.01	0.01		0.05	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB042600 FA	<0.1	< 4	0.2	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.02	0.2	0.3	< 0.5	
FB042600 RA	<0.1	< 4	0.1	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.085	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB042600D FA	<0.1	< 4	0.1	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.02	0.15	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB042600D RA	<0.1	< 4	0.1	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB72000 FA	<0.1	< 3	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB72000 RA	<0.1	< 3	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB102400 FA	<0.1	< 2	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB102400 RA	<0.1	< 2	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB42401 RA	<0.1	2	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB 42401 FA	<0.1	3	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB 5201 RA	<0.1	1	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
FB 5201 FA	<0.1	1	<0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	< 0.5	
VLZN-3-4 FA	4.9	< 1	180	1.3	4.5	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.2	9.8	
VLZN-3-4 RA	4.8	< 1	190	1.3	4.4	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	9.8	
VLZN-3-4D FA	5	< 1	180	1.3	4.4	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	10	
VLZN-3-4D RA	4.9	< 1	190	1.3	4.4	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	9.9	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Sm	Sr	Tb	Th	Tl	Tm	U	V	W	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB040798 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB070698 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB082598 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB082598 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB052898 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB052898 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	
FB060599FA	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.005		0.1	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.1	0.1	
FB060599 RA	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.005		<0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.1	0.08	
FB042600 FA	< 0.01	0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	0.01	<0.1	0.02	
FB042600 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	0.01	<0.1	< 0.02	
FB042600D FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	0.01	<0.1	< 0.02	
FB042600D RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	0.008	<0.1	< 0.02	
FB72000 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.1	< 0.02	
FB72000 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.1	< 0.02	
FB102400 FA	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.1	0.04	
FB102400 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	< 0.005	<0.1	0.03	
FB42401 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.005	0.08	<0.2	< 0.02	
FB 42401 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	<0.05	< 0.005	0.04	<0.2	< 0.02	
FB 5201 RA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	<0.05	< 0.005	0.01	<0.2	< 0.02	
FB 5201 FA	< 0.01	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.02	<0.05	< 0.005	0.008	<0.2	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4 FA	0.95	9.5	0.095	0.04	<0.05	0.03	0.15	<0.1	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4 RA	0.93	9.3	0.095	0.07	<0.05	0.03	0.16	0.2	< 0.02	
VLZN-3-4D FA	0.92	9.4	0.094	0.04	<0.05	0.03	0.15	<0.1	0.03	
VLZN-3-4D RA	0.95	9.4	0.093	0.07	<0.05	0.03	0.16	0.1	< 0.02	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	
	Y	Yb	Zn	Ag	Al	As	Ba	Be	Ca	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	1							
FB040798 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB070698 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB070698 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB082598 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB082598 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.7							
FB052898 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB052898 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.5							
FB060599FA		< 0.01	2							
FB060599 RA		< 0.01	1							
FB042600 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	1	<10	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB042600 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<10	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB042600D FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	1	<10	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB042600D RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<10	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB72000 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	2	<10	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB72000 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<10	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB102400 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	1	<10	<0.01	<50	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB102400 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<10	<0.01	<50	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB42401 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<1	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB 42401 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<1	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB 5201 RA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<1	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
FB 5201 FA	< 0.01	< 0.01	<0.5	<1	<0.01	<100	<1	<10	<0.1	
VLZN-3-4 FA	1.9	0.2	2900	<10	1.2	<100	29	<10	1.9	
VLZN-3-4 RA	1.9	0.2	2900	<10	1.2	<100	28	<10	1.9	
VLZN-3-4D FA	1.8	0.2	2900	<10	1.1	<100	27	<10	1.8	
VLZN-3-4D RA	1.9	0.2	2900	<10	1.2	<100	27	<10	1.8	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	
	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Fe	K	Mg	Mn	Mo	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA										
FB040798 RA										
FB070698 RA										
FB070698 RA										
FB070698 FA										
FB082598 RA										
FB082598 FA										
FB052898 FA										
FB052898 RA										
FB060599FA										
FB060599 RA										
FB042600 FA	<10	<10	<10	<10	<0.05	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB042600 RA	<10	<10	<10	<10	<0.05	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB042600D FA	<10	<10	<10	<10	<0.05	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB042600D RA	<10	<10	<10	<10	<0.05	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB72000 FA	<10	<10	<10	<10	<0.05	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB72000 RA	<10	<10	<10	<10	<0.05	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB102400 FA	<5	<10	<10	<10	<0.02	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB102400 RA	<5	<10	<10	<10	<0.02	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB42401 RA	<5	<10	<10	<10	<0.02	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB 42401 FA	<5	<10	<10	<10	<0.02	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB 5201 RA	<5	<10	<10	<10	<0.02	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
FB 5201 FA	<5	<10	<10	<10	<0.02	<0.1	<0.1	<10	<20	
VLZN-3-4 FA	<10	26	<10	110	16	1.8	2.8	500	<20	
VLZN-3-4 RA	<10	27	<10	110	17	1.8	2.8	500	<20	
VLZN-3-4D FA	<10	23	<10	100	15	1.7	2.6	460	<20	
VLZN-3-4D RA	<10	26	<10	100	16	1.6	2.6	470	<20	

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
Sample No.	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	ICPAES	
	Na	Ni	P	Pb	Sb	Si	Sr	Ti	Zn	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
FB040798 FA										
FB040798 RA										
FB070698 RA										
FB070698 RA										
FB070698 FA										
FB082598 RA										
FB082598 FA										
FB052898 FA										
FB052898 RA										
FB060599FA										
FB060599 RA										
FB042600 FA	<0.1	<10	<100	<100	<100	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB042600 RA	<0.1	<10	<100	<100	<100	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB042600D FA	<0.1	<10	<100	<100	<100	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB042600D RA	<0.1	<10	<100	<100	<100	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB72000 FA	<0.1	<10	<100	<100	<100	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB72000 RA	<0.1	<10	<100	<100	<100	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB102400 FA	<0.1	<10	<100	<50	<50	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB102400 RA	<0.1	<10	<100	<50	<50	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB42401 RA	<0.1	<10	<0.1	<50	<50	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB 42401 FA	<0.1	<10	<0.1	<50	<50	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB 5201 RA	<0.1	<10	<0.1	<50	<50	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
FB 5201 FA	<0.1	<10	<0.1	<50	<50	<0.1	<1	<50	<10	
VLZN-3-4 FA	3.6	<10	<100	220	<100	5.5	9.5	<50	3400	
VLZN-3-4 RA	3.7	<10	<100	220	<100	5.7	9	<50	3400	
VLZN-3-4D FA	3.4	<10	<100	210	<100	5.2	8.6	<50	3200	
VLZN-3-4D RA	3.4	<10	<100	200	<100	5.3	8.7	<50	3300	

APPENDIX 4: WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	Latitude	Longitude	Date	T air	T water	Flow	pH	spec conduct	DO	
				°C	°C	L/s		mS/cm	mg/L	
										
VLZN-1-1 RA	38°10.678’N	77°47.902’W	5/22/1998	21.0	20.3		6.1	30.7	11	
VLZN-2-1 FA	38°10.655’N	77°47.826’W	5/22/1998	20.7	14.8		6.4	209.7	2	
VLZN-2-1 RA	38°10.655’N	77°47.826’W	5/22/1998	20.7	14.8		6.4	209.7	2	
VLZN-3-1 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	5/22/1998	18.5	17.2	12.5	3.9	124.8	7	
VLZN-3-1 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	5/22/1998	18.5	17.2	12.5	3.9	124.8	7	
VLZN3-2 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	7/21/1999	29.7	26.0	0.2	2.9	1225.0	9	
VLZN3-2 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	7/21/1999	29.7	26.0	0.2	2.9	1225.0	9	
VLZN-3-3 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	11/5/1999	7.8	5.5	8.7	3.3	247.0	8	
VLZN-3-3 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	11/4/1999	7.8	5.5	8.7	3.3	247.0	8	
VLZN-3-4 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	2/3/2000	6.5	1.0	11.1	3.9	139.0	9	
VLZN-3-4 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	2/3/2000	6.5	1.0	11.1	3.9	139.0	9	
VLZN-3-4D FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	2/3/2000	6.5	0.9	11.1	3.9	138.7	9	
VLZN-3-4D RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	2/3/2000	6.5	0.9	11.1	3.9	138.7		
VLZN-3-5 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	4/26/2000	15.4	13.7	219.0	3.7	88.5	10	
VLZN-3-5 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	4/26/2000	15.4	13.7	219.0	3.7	88.5	10	
VLZN-3-6 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	7/20/2000	22.6	23.5	10.8	3.2	363.0	9	
VLZN-3-6 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	7/20/2000	22.6	23.5	10.8	3.2	363.0	9	
VLZN-3-7 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	10/24/2000	12.5	10.5	1.7	2.6	371.0	8	
VLZN-3-7 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	10/24/2000	12.5	10.5	1.7	2.6	371.0	8	
VLZN-3-8 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	2/7/2001	12.7	6.0	13.6	2.7	249.0	11	
VLZN-3-8 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	2/7/2001	12.7	6.0	13.6	2.7	249.0	11	
VLZN-3-9 FA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	4/30/2001	24.9	19.7	8.7	3.7	188.1	6	
VLZN-3-9 RA	38°10.640'N	77°47.569’W	4/30/2001	24.9	19.7	8.7	3.7	188.1	6	
VLZN-4-1 FA	38°10.683'N	77°47.675’W	5/22/1998	22.5	23.1		4.8	73.1	6.5	
VLZN-4-1 RA	38°10.683'N	77°47.675’W	5/22/1998	22.5	23.1		4.8	73.1	6.5	
VLZN-4-8 FA	38°10.683'N	77°47.675’W	2/7/2001	14.8	12.5		3.7	273.0	6	
VLZN-4-8 RA	38°10.683'N	77°47.675’W	2/7/2001	14.8	12.5		3.7	273.0	6	
VLZN-6-1 RA	38°10.666'N	77°47.908’W	5/22/1998	21.4	18.4		6.0	29.7	7	
VLZN-7-1 FA	38°10.655'N	77°47.850’W	5/22/1998	22.3	29.7		5.1	76.9	7	
VLZN-7-1 RA	38°10.655'N	77°47.850’W	5/22/1998	22.3	29.7		5.1	76.9	7	
VLZN-8-1 FA	38°10.630'N	77°47.818’W	5/22/1998	24.0	19.1		2.9	1375.0	9	
VLZN-8-1 RA	38°10.630'N	77°47.818’W	5/22/1998	24.0	19.1		2.9	1375.0	9	
VLZN-9-2 FA	38°10.659'N	77°47.763’W	7/21/1999	29.7	30.5		2.9	837.0	7	
VLZN-9-2 RA	38°10.659'N	77°47.763’W	7/21/1999	29.7	30.5		2.9	837.0	7	
VLZN-10-2 FA	38°10.650'N	77°47.904’W	7/21/1999	31.3	31.1		1.1	25800.0	-	
VLZN-10-2 RA	38°10.650'N	77°47.904’W	7/21/1999	31.3	31.1		1.1	25800.0	-	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	Fe2+/FeTotal	Acidity	Alkalinity	IC	IC	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	
		CaCO3	CaCO3	Cl	SO4	Ag	Al	As	
		mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	0.161				nd	0.02	0.43	0.5	
VLZN-2-1 FA	0.445			1.8	62	< 0.01	0.00	1	
VLZN-2-1 RA	0.445					< 0.01	0.05	0.8	
VLZN-3-1 FA	0.567			1.8	51	< 0.01	0.83	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-1 RA	0.498					< 0.01	0.95	< 0.2	
VLZN3-2 FA	0.542	417.2		3	1400	0.04	19.47	1	
VLZN3-2 RA	0.542					0.1	19.47	2	
VLZN-3-3 FA	0.861	107.2		2.5	110	<0.01	2.20	<0.2	
VLZN-3-3 RA	0.861					<0.01	2.20	0.2	
VLZN-3-4 FA	0.866	64		5.6	73	<0.01	1.20	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4 RA	0.866					<0.01	1.20	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4D FA	0.851	58.7		5.7	72	<0.01	1.10	<0.2	
VLZN-3-4D RA	0.851					<0.01	1.20	<0.2	
VLZN-3-5 FA	0.521	30.24		2.9	27	0.03	1.10	0.8	
VLZN-3-5 RA	0.521					<0.01	0.89	0.7	
VLZN-3-6 FA	0.923	91.2		2.3	98	<0.01	1.40	0.7	
VLZN-3-6 RA	0.923					0.02	1.40	0.8	
VLZN-3-7 FA	0.517	88.72		1.9	82	<0.01	1.10	<0.2	
VLZN-3-7 RA	0.517					<0.01	1.10	<0.2	
VLZN-3-8 FA	0.840	72		5	73	<0.05	1.80	<0.2	
VLZN-3-8 RA	0.840					<0.05	1.80	<0.2	
VLZN-3-9 FA				2.9	54	<0.05	0.63	<0.2	
VLZN-3-9 RA						<0.05	0.70	0.3	
VLZN-4-1 FA	0.478			2.2	28	< 0.01	0.38	< 0.2	
VLZN-4-1 RA	0.351					< 0.01	0.66	< 0.2	
VLZN-4-8 FA	0.983	104		5.5	99	<0.05	3.10	<0.2	
VLZN-4-8 RA	0.983					<0.05	3.10	0.3	
VLZN-6-1 RA						0.04	0.31	0.5	
VLZN-7-1 FA	1.371			2	29	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.2	
VLZN-7-1 RA	0.640					0.07	1.08	0.2	
VLZN-8-1 FA	0.029			1.4	710	0.03	41.54	0.3	
VLZN-8-1 RA	0.029					0.1	41.54	0.4	
VLZN-9-2 FA	0.580	78.5		2.4	260	0.06	0.58	<0.2	
VLZN-9-2 RA	0.580					0.1	0.73	<0.2	
VLZN-10-2 FA	0.650	27064.3		41	53604	<1	1038.40	<20	
VLZN-10-2 RA	0.650					<1	1090.32	280	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Au	Ba	Be	Bi	Ca	Cd	Ce	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	< 0.01	22	< 0.05	0.04	1.6	0.3	3.9	
VLZN-2-1 FA	< 0.01	27	< 0.05	< 0.01	6.9	< 0.02	0.08	
VLZN-2-1 RA	< 0.01	27	< 0.05	< 0.01	6.8	< 0.02	0.3	
VLZN-3-1 FA	< 0.01	23	0.2	< 0.01	1.9	5.2	7.5	
VLZN-3-1 RA	< 0.01	24	0.09	< 0.01	1.9	5.4	8.3	
VLZN3-2 FA		46	1.1		5.8	88	71	
VLZN3-2 RA		46	1		5.8	89	72	
VLZN-3-3 FA	< 0.01	34	0.2	< 0.02	2.2	8.9	12	
VLZN-3-3 RA	< 0.01	34	0.3	< 0.02	2.2	8.7	12	
VLZN-3-4 FA	< 0.01	30	0.1	< 0.01	1.9	6.9	9.1	
VLZN-3-4 RA	< 0.01	32	0.2	< 0.01	1.9	6.9	9.2	
VLZN-3-4D FA	< 0.01	30	0.09	< 0.01	1.8	7	9.2	
VLZN-3-4D RA	< 0.01	30	0.2	< 0.01	1.8	6.9	9.4	
VLZN-3-5 FA	< 0.01	47	0.2	0.05	1.6	7.7	7.3	
VLZN-3-5 RA	< 0.01	46	0.1	< 0.01	1.6	7.6	6.5	
VLZN-3-6 FA	< 0.01	30	0.2	< 0.01	2.2	10	13	
VLZN-3-6 RA	< 0.01	30	0.2	< 0.01	2.0	10	13	
VLZN-3-7 FA	< 0.01	27	0.08	< 0.01	2.3	3.2	8.5	
VLZN-3-7 RA	< 0.01	27	0.08	< 0.01	2.4	3.1	8.5	
VLZN-3-8 FA	< 0.01	27	0.1	< 0.01	2.1	9.1	10	
VLZN-3-8 RA	< 0.01	27	0.21	< 0.01	2.1	9.3	11	
VLZN-3-9 FA	< 0.01	33	0.1	< 0.01	2.2	6.2	8.3	
VLZN-3-9 RA	< 0.01	32	0.1	< 0.01	2.1	6.2	8.5	
VLZN-4-1 FA	< 0.01	22	0.07	< 0.01	1.7	6	6.5	
VLZN-4-1 RA	< 0.01	22	0.07	< 0.01	1.7	6	8.3	
VLZN-4-8 FA	< 0.01	23	0.1	< 0.01	2.0	18	15	
VLZN-4-8 RA	< 0.01	24	0.2	0.03	2.0	19	16	
VLZN-6-1 RA	< 0.01	23	0.1	0.01	1.7	0.04	3.5	
VLZN-7-1 FA	< 0.01	16	< 0.05	< 0.01	0.7	1.5	0.51	
VLZN-7-1 RA	0.01	19	0.06	0.7	0.8	3.5	1.7	
VLZN-8-1 FA	< 0.01	30	2.6	< 0.01	14.6	460	170	
VLZN-8-1 RA	< 0.01	29	3	0.08	13.3	450	170	
VLZN-9-2 FA		32	<0.05		13.3	2	2.2	
VLZN-9-2 RA		34	0.06		13.3	2.4	2.5	
VLZN-10-2 FA	< 1	<2	40	2	100.7	3000	870	
VLZN-10-2 RA	< 1	<2	50	< 1	112.8	3100	910	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	
	Co	Cr	Cs	Cu	Dy	Fe	Er	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	5.2	1	< 0.01	16	0.14	8.13	0.079	
VLZN-2-1 FA	17	< 1	< 0.01	1	< 0.005	34.85	< 0.005	
VLZN-2-1 RA	17	< 1	< 0.01	6	< 0.005	34.85	0.01	
VLZN-3-1 FA	12	< 1	< 0.01	62	0.3	5.23	0.13	
VLZN-3-1 RA	12	< 1	< 0.01	66	0.34	5.95	0.15	
VLZN3-2 FA	140	5		2200	2.9	69.70	1.3	
VLZN3-2 RA	140	5		2200	3	69.70	1.3	
VLZN-3-3 FA	33	<1	< 0.01	140	0.5	18.00	0.22	
VLZN-3-3 RA	32	<1	< 0.01	140	0.5	19.00	0.21	
VLZN-3-4 FA	19	<1	< 0.01	91	0.42	16.00	0.18	
VLZN-3-4 RA	20	<1	< 0.01	90	0.46	17.00	0.2	
VLZN-3-4D FA	20	<1	< 0.01	90	0.41	15.00	0.2	
VLZN-3-4D RA	20	<1	< 0.01	89	0.44	16.00	0.18	
VLZN-3-5 FA	7.2	1	< 0.01	120	0.33	5.00	0.14	
VLZN-3-5 RA	7.2	1	< 0.01	120	0.32	4.20	0.13	
VLZN-3-6 FA	36	<1	0.03	160	0.45	18.00	0.2	
VLZN-3-6 RA	36	<1	0.03	160	0.46	18.00	0.19	
VLZN-3-7 FA	20	<1	0.01	49	0.36	9.20	0.18	
VLZN-3-7 RA	20	<1	< 0.01	50	0.37	11.00	0.16	
VLZN-3-8 FA	26	<1	< 0.01	140	0.48	13.00	0.21	
VLZN-3-8 RA	26	<1	< 0.01	140	0.5	13.00	0.22	
VLZN-3-9 FA	18	<1	0.01	64	0.34	7.40	0.16	
VLZN-3-9 RA	19	<1	0.01	67	0.36	8.20	0.16	
VLZN-4-1 FA	9.2	< 1	< 0.01	62	0.24	5.23	0.12	
VLZN-4-1 RA	9.1	< 1	< 0.01	70	0.31	7.11	0.17	
VLZN-4-8 FA	40	<1	< 0.01	220	0.75	28.00	0.34	
VLZN-4-8 RA	41	<1	< 0.01	220	0.78	30.00	0.34	
VLZN-6-1 RA	4	1	< 0.01	8	0.15	5.23	0.058	
VLZN-7-1 FA	5.6	< 1	0.06	20	0.03	10.16	0.02	
VLZN-7-1 RA	7.6	< 1	0.1	120	0.11	21.78	0.053	
VLZN-8-1 FA	130	2	0.04	7200	3.2	62.44	1.4	
VLZN-8-1 RA	130	2	0.04	7100	3.3	62.44	1.3	
VLZN-9-2 FA	9	<1		21	0.064	5.52	0.03	
VLZN-9-2 RA	10	<1		34	0.09	10.60	0.04	
VLZN-10-2 FA	14000	400	1	59000	93	15972.00	38	
VLZN-10-2 RA	15000	400	1	62000	110	17424.00	42	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	
	Eu	Ga	Gd	Ge	Ho	In	K	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	0.04	0.09	0.21	< 0.02	0.03	< 0.01	1.1	
VLZN-2-1 FA	< 0.005	< 0.02	0.005	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	4.4	
VLZN-2-1 RA	< 0.005	< 0.02	0.007	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	4.3	
VLZN-3-1 FA	0.094	0.08	0.56	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.01	1.9	
VLZN-3-1 RA	0.1	0.09	0.6	< 0.02	0.053	< 0.01	1.9	
VLZN3-2 FA	1.2		5.2		0.54	0.7	3.6	
VLZN3-2 RA	1.2		5.2		0.56	0.72	3.6	
VLZN-3-3 FA	0.19	< 0.02	0.78	< 0.02	0.091	0.02	2.4	
VLZN-3-3 RA	0.18	< 0.02	0.78	< 0.02	0.083	0.02	2.5	
VLZN-3-4 FA	0.16	< 0.02	0.74	< 0.02	0.069	0.01	1.8	
VLZN-3-4 RA	0.16	< 0.02	0.74	< 0.02	0.078	0.01	1.8	
VLZN-3-4D FA	0.16	< 0.02	0.77	< 0.02	0.075	0.01	1.7	
VLZN-3-4D RA	0.17	< 0.02	0.77	< 0.02	0.079	0.01	1.6	
VLZN-3-5 FA	0.11	0.09	0.44	< 0.03	0.074	0.03	1.4	
VLZN-3-5 RA	0.09	< 0.02	0.42	< 0.03	0.057	< 0.01	1.3	
VLZN-3-6 FA	0.16	0.02	0.78	0.03	0.066	0.02	2.6	
VLZN-3-6 RA	0.15	< 0.02	0.8	< 0.02	0.068	0.02	2.6	
VLZN-3-7 FA	0.14	< 0.02	0.7	< 0.02	0.062	0.01	3.0	
VLZN-3-7 RA	0.14	0.03	0.67	< 0.02	0.062	< 0.01	3.1	
VLZN-3-8 FA	0.17	< 0.02	0.88	< 0.02	0.09	0.02	2.1	
VLZN-3-8 RA	0.17	< 0.02	0.89	< 0.02	0.088	0.02	2.2	
VLZN-3-9 FA	0.14	< 0.02	0.67	< 0.02	0.058	< 0.01	2.1	
VLZN-3-9 RA	0.13	< 0.02	0.67	< 0.02	0.065	< 0.01	2.1	
VLZN-4-1 FA	0.091	0.07	0.48	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.01	1.6	
VLZN-4-1 RA	0.12	0.1	0.65	< 0.02	0.056	< 0.01	1.6	
VLZN-4-8 FA	0.3	< 0.02	1.4	< 0.02	0.13	0.02	2.3	
VLZN-4-8 RA	0.3	< 0.02	1.5	< 0.02	0.14	0.03	2.3	
VLZN-6-1 RA	0.03	0.05	0.17	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.01	1.0	
VLZN-7-1 FA	< 0.005	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.02	< 0.005	< 0.01	2.8	
VLZN-7-1 RA	0.02	0.4	0.19	0.04	0.01	0.1	3.3	
VLZN-8-1 FA	1.4	1.4	6.4	0.08	0.55	0.3	3.6	
VLZN-8-1 RA	1.4	1.4	6.2	0.1	0.53	0.31	3.6	
VLZN-9-2 FA	0.02		0.13		0.02	< 0.01	12.8	
VLZN-9-2 RA	0.03		0.14		0.02	< 0.01	12.8	
VLZN-10-2 FA	33	< 2	140	< 3	15	47	<0.5	
VLZN-10-2 RA	36	98	140	< 3	16	51	<0.5	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	La	Mg	Mn	Mo	Na	Nd	Ni	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	1.2	1.4	370	0.5	2.8	1.4	0.2	
VLZN-2-1 FA	0.02	5.7	3600	0.07	1.8	0.02	< 0.1	
VLZN-2-1 RA	0.09	5.6	3600	< 0.02	1.8	0.05	< 0.1	
VLZN-3-1 FA	3.7	2.5	530	0.08	2.4	3.4	2	
VLZN-3-1 RA	4	2.5	540	0.05	2.4	3.9	2.1	
VLZN3-2 FA	29	11.5	2100	0.04	2.1	36	37	
VLZN3-2 RA	30	11.5	2200	0.07	2.1	36	37	
VLZN-3-3 FA	5.5	3.4	770	0.03	2.4	5.6	7.8	
VLZN-3-3 RA	5.4	3.5	750	0.04	2.5	5.6	7.8	
VLZN-3-4 FA	4.5	2.8	410	0.02	3.6	4.6	4.9	
VLZN-3-4 RA	4.6	2.8	420	< 0.02	3.7	4.7	4.8	
VLZN-3-4D FA	4.5	2.6	420	0.03	3.4	4.4	5	
VLZN-3-4D RA	4.6	2.6	420	0.03	3.4	4.6	4.9	
VLZN-3-5 FA	2.8	1.4	220	0.1	2.3	3.2	3.9	
VLZN-3-5 RA	2.4	1.3	220	0.09	2.2	2.9	2.6	
VLZN-3-6 FA	6	3.5	960	0.1	2.5	6.1	8.4	
VLZN-3-6 RA	6	3.4	990	0.06	2.3	6.2	9	
VLZN-3-7 FA	4.4	3.7	1000	0.1	2.5	4.5	5.3	
VLZN-3-7 RA	4.5	3.7	1000	0.05	2.4	4.5	5.3	
VLZN-3-8 FA	5.5	3.0	560	0.04	3.6	5.6	6.2	
VLZN-3-8 RA	5.6	3.1	560	0.06	3.6	5.6	6.2	
VLZN-3-9 FA	4.5	2.7	820	< 0.02	2.8	4.3	4.7	
VLZN-3-9 RA	4.6	2.6	830	< 0.02	2.8	4.5	4.8	
VLZN-4-1 FA	3.4	2.1	460	< 0.02	2.5	3.3	1.5	
VLZN-4-1 RA	4	2.1	460	< 0.02	2.5	4.3	1.5	
VLZN-4-8 FA	9	4.0	620	0.04	4.0	9.6	10	
VLZN-4-8 RA	9.2	4.0	620	0.05	4.0	9.7	10	
VLZN-6-1 RA	1	1.3	420	0.4	3.2	1.1	< 0.1	
VLZN-7-1 FA	0.5	1.4	260	< 0.02	2.0	0.32	2.5	
VLZN-7-1 RA	1.1	2.4	480	< 0.02	2.0	0.93	4.9	
VLZN-8-1 FA	30	12.6	1900	< 0.02	1.4	42	48	
VLZN-8-1 RA	30	13.8	1900	< 0.02	1.4	41	48	
VLZN-9-2 FA	0.82	8.5	6200	0.2	1.9	0.75	3.5	
VLZN-9-2 RA	0.95	8.4	6000	0.3	2.0	0.91	5	
VLZN-10-2 FA	340	1032.3	220000	5	4.5	650	3900	
VLZN-10-2 RA	360	1066.7	230000	6	<1	700	4300	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	P	Pb	Pr	Rb	Re	Sb	Se	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA		42	0.32	3	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	
VLZN-2-1 FA		0.5	< 0.01	12	< 0.02	0.78	< 0.2	
VLZN-2-1 RA		33	0.01	11	< 0.02	1.2	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-1 FA		200	0.93	7.2	< 0.02	0.08	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-1 RA		230	1	7.2	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN3-2 FA	< 6	1300	7.7	20		0.1	0.7	
VLZN3-2 RA	< 6	1400	8	20		0.1	0.9	
VLZN-3-3 FA	< 1	340	1.5	9	< 0.02	0.13	0.2	
VLZN-3-3 RA	< 1	330	1.5	8.8	< 0.02	<0.03	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-4 FA	< 1	180	1.3	4.5	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-4 RA	< 1	190	1.3	4.4	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-4D FA	< 1	180	1.3	4.4	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-4D RA	< 1	190	1.3	4.4	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-5 FA	10	260	0.83	4.3	< 0.02	0.16	0.3	
VLZN-3-5 RA	6	200	0.74	3.9	< 0.02	0.69	0.3	
VLZN-3-6 FA	< 3	310	1.4	13	< 0.02	0.06	0.3	
VLZN-3-6 RA	< 3	320	1.4	13	< 0.02	0.04	0.4	
VLZN-3-7 FA	< 2	230	1.2	14	< 0.02	0.03	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-7 RA	< 2	240	1.2	14	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-8 FA	< 1	320	1.5	7.3	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-8 RA	< 1	320	1.6	7.6	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-9 FA	5	170	1.1	9.4	< 0.02	0.2	< 0.2	
VLZN-3-9 RA	8	170	1.2	9.5	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.2	
VLZN-4-1 FA		79	0.89	6.3	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	
VLZN-4-1 RA		120	1.1	6.2	< 0.02	< 0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-4-8 FA	< 1	270	2.6	8.4	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.2	
VLZN-4-8 RA	1	310	2.6	8.4	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.2	
VLZN-6-1 RA		16	0.27	2	< 0.02	0.09	< 0.2	
VLZN-7-1 FA		760	0.09	18	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	
VLZN-7-1 RA		1800	0.27	23	< 0.02	1	< 0.2	
VLZN-8-1 FA		2800	10	24	< 0.02	0.09	1	
VLZN-8-1 RA		2900	9.9	23	< 0.02	0.1	1	
VLZN-9-2 FA	< 6	160	0.2	29		0.06	< 0.2	
VLZN-9-2 RA	< 6	170	0.21	31		0.07	< 0.2	
VLZN-10-2 FA	2500	2100	150	4	< 2	10	< 40	
VLZN-10-2 RA	2400	1500	160	30	< 2	10	70	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	SiO2	Sm	Sr	Tb	Th	Tl	Tm	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	12	0.25	7.3	0.03	0.16	< 0.05	0.007	
VLZN-2-1 FA	11	< 0.01	18	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-2-1 RA	10	0.02	18	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-3-1 FA	12	0.63	8	0.059	0.01	< 0.05	0.02	
VLZN-3-1 RA	12	0.74	8	0.07	0.04	< 0.05	0.02	
VLZN3-2 FA	18	7.3	21	0.61		0.3	0.18	
VLZN3-2 RA	18	7.7	21	0.63		0.3	0.2	
VLZN-3-3 FA	13	1.2	11	0.094	0.056	<0.1	0.03	
VLZN-3-3 RA	12	1.1	11	0.098	0.06	<0.1	0.03	
VLZN-3-4 FA	9.8	0.95	9.5	0.095	0.04	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-4 RA	9.8	0.93	9.3	0.095	0.07	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-4D FA	10	0.92	9.4	0.094	0.04	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-4D RA	9.9	0.95	9.4	0.093	0.07	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-5 FA	7.9	0.64	10	0.072	0.14	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-5 RA	7.8	0.59	10	0.07	0.16	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-3-6 FA	20	1.1	10	0.082	0.04	0.07	0.02	
VLZN-3-6 RA	20	1.1	11	0.072	0.06	0.07	0.03	
VLZN-3-7 FA	15	0.84	13	0.09	0.02	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-3-7 RA	15	0.84	13	0.083	0.03	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-8 FA	13	1.1	10	0.11	0.05	0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-8 RA	13	1.1	11	0.11	0.06	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-3-9 FA	15	0.85	12	0.072	< 0.02	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-3-9 RA	15	0.88	13	0.076	< 0.02	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-4-1 FA	12	0.68	7.9	0.052	0.01	< 0.05	0.01	
VLZN-4-1 RA	12	0.83	7.9	0.064	0.06	< 0.05	0.02	
VLZN-4-8 FA	13	1.9	9.8	0.17	0.05	0.05	0.05	
VLZN-4-8 RA	13	2	10	0.17	0.07	0.06	0.053	
VLZN-6-1 RA	12	0.2	8	0.02	0.14	< 0.05	0.01	
VLZN-7-1 FA	13	0.07	2.6	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.1	< 0.005	
VLZN-7-1 RA	15	0.2	2.8	0.02	0.36	0.3	< 0.005	
VLZN-8-1 FA	28	8.6	67	0.76	1.8	0.5	0.2	
VLZN-8-1 RA	29	8.7	66	0.78	1.8	0.4	0.2	
VLZN-9-2 FA	17	0.1	34	0.01		0.1	< 0.005	
VLZN-9-2 RA	18	0.2	35	0.02		0.2	0.006	
VLZN-10-2 FA	100	180	20	19	200	<5	5.8	
VLZN-10-2 RA	100	170	36	22	210	<5	5.3	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	U	V	W	Y	Yb	Zn	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-1-1 RA	0.08	2	< 0.02	0.94	0.08	300	
VLZN-2-1 FA	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.01	3500	
VLZN-2-1 RA	< 0.005	< 0.1	< 0.02	0.05	0.02	3000	
VLZN-3-1 FA	0.1	< 0.1	< 0.02	1.6	0.1	2300	
VLZN-3-1 RA	0.1	0.1	< 0.02	1.9	0.2	2300	
VLZN3-2 FA	3.9	1.2	< 0.02		1.1	27000	
VLZN3-2 RA	4.1	1.4	< 0.02		1.2	27000	
VLZN-3-3 FA	0.28	0.1	< 0.02	2.3	0.2	4800	
VLZN-3-3 RA	0.28	0.2	< 0.02	2.2	0.2	4700	
VLZN-3-4 FA	0.15	<0.1	< 0.02	1.9	0.2	2900	
VLZN-3-4 RA	0.16	0.2	< 0.02	1.9	0.2	2900	
VLZN-3-4D FA	0.15	<0.1	0.03	1.8	0.2	2900	
VLZN-3-4D RA	0.16	0.1	< 0.02	1.9	0.2	2900	
VLZN-3-5 FA	0.22	1.1	0.03	1.4	0.1	1900	
VLZN-3-5 RA	0.18	0.57	0.04	1.3	0.1	1900	
VLZN-3-6 FA	0.29	0.1	< 0.02	3.3	0.2	5600	
VLZN-3-6 RA	0.25	0.2	< 0.02	3.3	0.2	5600	
VLZN-3-7 FA	0.17	<0.1	< 0.02	1.7	0.1	3200	
VLZN-3-7 RA	0.14	<0.1	< 0.02	1.6	0.2	3100	
VLZN-3-8 FA	0.27	<0.1	0.02	2.4	0.2	3800	
VLZN-3-8 RA	0.27	0.1	0.03	2.4	0.2	3800	
VLZN-3-9 FA	0.11	<0.2	< 0.02	1.6	0.2	3100	
VLZN-3-9 RA	0.11	0.2	< 0.02	1.7	0.1	3100	
VLZN-4-1 FA	0.06	< 0.1	< 0.02	1.5	0.1	2100	
VLZN-4-1 RA	0.11	0.4	< 0.02	1.8	0.2	2100	
VLZN-4-8 FA	0.43	<0.1	< 0.02	3.7	0.3	6000	
VLZN-4-8 RA	0.46	0.3	0.02	3.7	0.31	6000	
VLZN-6-1 RA	0.08	2	< 0.02	0.82	0.07	20	
VLZN-7-1 FA	0.04	< 0.1	< 0.02	0.2	< 0.01	650	
VLZN-7-1 RA	0.28	3	< 0.02	0.5	0.04	1200	
VLZN-8-1 FA	10	2	< 0.02	13	1.5	87000	
VLZN-8-1 RA	10	2	< 0.02	13	1.6	87000	
VLZN-9-2 FA	0.06	<0.1	0.06		0.03	1400	
VLZN-9-2 RA	0.08	<0.1	0.08		0.04	1600	
VLZN-10-2 FA	370	1100	3	370	41	2300000	
VLZN-10-2 RA	380	1100	6	400	37	2400000	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	Latitude	Longitude	Date	T air	T water	Flow	pH	spec conduct	DO	
				°C	°C	L/s		mS/cm	mg/L	
										
VLZN-11-2 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	7/21/1999	31.3	25.4	0.3	2.4	1540.0	10	
VLZN-11-2 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	7/21/1999	31.3	25.4	0.3	2.4	1540.0	10	
VLZN-11-3 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	11/5/1999	12.3	7.4	13.4	3.2	250.0	9	
VLZN-11-3 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	11/5/1999	12.3	7.4	13.4	3.2	250.0	9	
VLZN-11-4 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	2/3/2000	4.3	0.6	17.1	3.5	120.7	11	
VLZN-11-4 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	2/3/2000	4.3	0.6	17.1	3.5	120.7	11	
VLZN-11-5 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	4/26/2000	17.3	11.3	336.5	3.6	89.8	9	
VLZN-11-5 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	4/26/2000	17.3	11.3	336.5	3.6	89.8	9	
VLZN-11-6 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	7/20/2000	22.4	19.6	16.6	2.9	605.0	7	
VLZN-11-6 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	7/20/2000	22.4	19.6	16.6	2.9	605.0	7	
VLZN-11-7 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	10/24/2000	11.0	9.0	2.6	2.5	224.0	9	
VLZN-11-7 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	10/24/2000	11.0	9.0	2.6	2.5	224.0	9	
VLZN-11-8 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	2/7/2001	6.6	3.6	20.8	2.7	228.0	11	
VLZN-11-8 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	2/7/2001	6.6	3.6	20.8	2.7	228.0	11	
VLZN-11-9 FA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	4/30/2001	20.1	13	13.4	3.5	116.9	8	
VLZN-11-9 RA	38°10.587'N	77°46.969'W	4/30/2001	20.1	13	13.4	3.5	116.9	8	
VLZN-12-3 FA	38°10.652'N	77°46.649'W	11/5/1999	7.9	6.2		2.9	515.0	9	
VLZN-12-3 RA	38°10.652'N	77°46.649'W	11/5/1999	7.9	6.2		2.9	515.0	9	
VLZN-13-4 FA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	2/3/2000	5.3	1.8		5. 6	35.2	11	
VLZN-13-4 RA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	2/3/2000	5.3	1.8		5. 6	35.2	11	
VLZN-13-5 FA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	4/26/2000	16.8	11.1		4.4	35.9	9	
VLZN-13-5 RA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	4/26/2000	16.8	11.1		4.4	35.9	9	
VLZN-13-6 FA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	7/20/2000	26.6	20.8		5.5	49.8	6	
VLZN-13-6 RA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	7/20/2000	26.6	20.8		5.5	49.8	6	
VLZN-13-7 FA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	10/24/2000	15.1	11.9		6.0	40.1	3	
VLZN-13-7 RA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	10/24/2000	15.1	11.9		6.0	40.1	3	
VLZN-13-8 FA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	2/7/2001	12.1	7.9		5.4	50.3	8	
VLZN-13-8 RA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	2/7/2001	12.1	7.9		5.4	50.3	8	
VLZN-13-9 FA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	4/30/2001	26.7	15.8		6.1	42.4	6	
VLZN-13-9 RA	38°10.753'N	77°46.970'W	4/30/2001	26.7	15.8		6.1	42.4	6	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	Fe2+/FeTotal	Acidity	Alkalinity	IC	IC	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	
		CaCO3	CaCO3	Cl	SO4	Ag	Al	As	
		mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	0.151	497.2		2.8	1700	<1	31.15	<20	
VLZN-11-2 RA	0.151					<1	29.85	<20	
VLZN-11-3 FA	0.581	84.32		2.2	89	<0.01	3.30	<0.2	
VLZN-11-3 RA	0.581					<0.01	3.30	<0.2	
VLZN-11-4 FA	0.857	44.6		3.5	55	<0.01	1.40	<0.2	
VLZN-11-4 RA	0.857					<0.01	1.40	<0.2	
VLZN-11-5 FA	0.491	28.32		2.4	26	<0.01	1.00	0.6	
VLZN-11-5 RA	0.491					<0.01	1.20	0.7	
VLZN-11-6 FA	0.605	165.6		2	170	0.02	3.60	0.9	
VLZN-11-6 RA	0.605					0.03	3.60	1.1	
VLZN-11-7 FA	0.391	56.05		1.6	46	<0.01	1.00	<0.2	
VLZN-11-7 RA	0.391					<0.01	1.00	<0.2	
VLZN-11-8 FA	0.579	56		3.4	59	<0.05	2.00	<0.2	
VLZN-11-8 RA	0.579					<0.05	2.00	<0.2	
VLZN-11-9 FA				2.2	29	<0.05	0.52	<0.2	
VLZN-11-9 RA						<0.05	0.56	0.2	
VLZN-12-3 FA	0.259	186.7		1.3	200	<0.01	2.60	<0.2	
VLZN-12-3 RA	0.259					<0.01	2.90	<0.2	
VLZN-13-4 FA	0.155		1.6	7	4.1	0.01	0.14	<0.2	
VLZN-13-4 RA	0.155					<0.01	0.21	0.2	
VLZN-13-5 FA	0.376	14.24		3.4	4.8	0.01	0.49	0.6	
VLZN-13-5 RA	0.376					0.01	0.53	0.6	
VLZN-13-6 FA	0.103		1.68	3.5	3.5	<0.01	0.07	1.1	
VLZN-13-6 RA	0.103					<0.01	0.31	1.3	
VLZN-13-7 FA	0.244	11.01	1.56	2.4	0.76	0.01	0.02	0.3	
VLZN-13-7 RA	0.244					<0.01	0.29	0.4	
VLZN-13-8 FA	0.075	3.6	3.3	6.4	4.4	<0.05	0.06	0.2	
VLZN-13-8 RA	0.075			6.4	4.4	<0.05	0.49	0.3	
VLZN-13-9 FA			13.18	3.1	1	<0.05	0.07	0.6	
VLZN-13-9 RA				3.1	1	<0.05	0.70	0.9	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	Au	Ba	Be	Bi	Ca	Cd	Ce	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA		10	<5		<5	99	100	
VLZN-11-2 RA		10	<5		<5	98	98	
VLZN-11-3 FA	< 0.01	36	0.5	< 0.02	1.7	5.6	19	
VLZN-11-3 RA	< 0.01	37	0.6	< 0.02	1.8	5.7	19	
VLZN-11-4 FA	< 0.01	30	0.2	< 0.01	1.4	4.8	11	
VLZN-11-4 RA	< 0.01	30	0.2	< 0.01	1.4	4.7	11	
VLZN-11-5 FA	< 0.01	48	0.3	< 0.01	1.3	5.1	8	
VLZN-11-5 RA	< 0.01	50	0.3	< 0.01	1.3	5.3	9.1	
VLZN-11-6 FA	< 0.01	38	0.4	< 0.01	2.4	14	22	
VLZN-11-6 RA	< 0.01	39	0.4	< 0.01	2.3	14	22	
VLZN-11-7 FA	< 0.01	30	0.1	< 0.01	1.4	1.9	8.9	
VLZN-11-7 RA	< 0.01	31	0.2	< 0.01	1.4	2.2	9.1	
VLZN-11-8 FA	< 0.01	31	0.27	< 0.01	1.5	8.6	14	
VLZN-11-8 RA	< 0.01	30	0.21	< 0.01	1.5	8.5	14	
VLZN-11-9 FA	< 0.01	38	0.2	< 0.01	1.4	1.7	6.4	
VLZN-11-9 RA	< 0.01	38	0.2	< 0.01	1.4	1.8	6.8	
VLZN-12-3 FA	< 0.01	26	0.2	< 0.02	4.8	3.4	8.2	
VLZN-12-3 RA	< 0.01	26	0.2	< 0.02	4.8	3.8	9	
VLZN-13-4 FA	< 0.01	31	0.08	< 0.01	1.9	0.2	0.98	
VLZN-13-4 RA	< 0.01	32	0.2	< 0.01	1.8	0.2	1.3	
VLZN-13-5 FA	< 0.01	45	0.2	< 0.01	1.3	0.1	3.7	
VLZN-13-5 RA	< 0.01	47	0.3	< 0.01	1.4	0.1	4	
VLZN-13-6 FA	< 0.01	26	<0.05	< 0.01	2.2	0.03	1.7	
VLZN-13-6 RA	< 0.01	32	0.06	< 0.01	2.2	0.04	3.3	
VLZN-13-7 FA	< 0.01	15	<0.05	< 0.01	1.9	<0.02	0.58	
VLZN-13-7 RA	< 0.01	17	<0.05	< 0.01	1.9	0.03	1.2	
VLZN-13-8 FA	< 0.01	26	0.06	< 0.01	2.0	0.05	0.58	
VLZN-13-8 RA	< 0.01	28	<0.05	< 0.01	2.0	0.06	0.99	
VLZN-13-9 FA	< 0.01	26	0.06	< 0.01	2.0	0.03	1.3	
VLZN-13-9 RA	< 0.01	32	0.1	< 0.01	2.2	0.06	3.1	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	
	Co	Cr	Cs	Cu	Dy	Fe	Er	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	230	<100		2800	3	106.00	2	
VLZN-11-2 RA	250	<100		3700	3	104.54	1	
VLZN-11-3 FA	32	<1	< 0.01	140	0.82	6.20	0.34	
VLZN-11-3 RA	32	<1	< 0.01	150	0.81	6.20	0.36	
VLZN-11-4 FA	17	<1	< 0.01	88	0.5	7.40	0.23	
VLZN-11-4 RA	17	<1	< 0.01	87	0.51	7.80	0.22	
VLZN-11-5 FA	8.1	1	< 0.01	95	0.39	3.40	0.17	
VLZN-11-5 RA	8.5	1	< 0.01	100	0.44	3.70	0.19	
VLZN-11-6 FA	63	1	0.04	380	0.86	22.00	0.36	
VLZN-11-6 RA	65	1	0.04	390	0.86	23.00	0.35	
VLZN-11-7 FA	12	<1	< 0.01	48	0.4	2.30	0.16	
VLZN-11-7 RA	12	<1	< 0.01	52	0.43	2.40	0.18	
VLZN-11-8 FA	24	<1	< 0.01	160	0.61	5.70	0.27	
VLZN-11-8 RA	24	<1	< 0.01	150	0.61	5.70	0.26	
VLZN-11-9 FA	11	<1	< 0.01	38	0.28	1.90	0.14	
VLZN-11-9 RA	11	<1	< 0.01	38	0.31	2.80	0.14	
VLZN-12-3 FA	39	<1	0.01	59	0.28	20.00	0.13	
VLZN-12-3 RA	42	<1	0.01	74	0.33	20.00	0.14	
VLZN-13-4 FA	2.2	<1	< 0.01	19	0.054	0.63	0.03	
VLZN-13-4 RA	2.2	<1	< 0.01	6	0.057	0.85	0.03	
VLZN-13-5 FA	1.6	<1	< 0.01	6	0.2	0.92	0.12	
VLZN-13-5 RA	1.7	<1	0.03	7	0.24	1.10	0.11	
VLZN-13-6 FA	1.9	<1	< 0.01	8	0.066	1.40	0.04	
VLZN-13-6 RA	2.1	<1	0.01	3	0.13	3.80	0.062	
VLZN-13-7 FA	0.54	<1	< 0.01	0.9	0.02	0.73	0.01	
VLZN-13-7 RA	0.52	<1	< 0.01	1	0.04	2.00	0.02	
VLZN-13-8 FA	1.1	<1	< 0.01	2	0.03	1.00	0.02	
VLZN-13-8 RA	1	<1	< 0.01	3	0.04	2.10	0.03	
VLZN-13-9 FA	2.8	<1	< 0.01	4	0.06	1.90	0.04	
VLZN-13-9 RA	3.2	<1	< 0.01	6	0.12	7.40	0.068	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	
	Eu	Ga	Gd	Ge	Ho	In	K	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	1		6.4		0.7	< 1	1.4	
VLZN-11-2 RA	2		5.8		0.9	1	1.4	
VLZN-11-3 FA	0.26	< 0.02	0.99	< 0.02	0.15	0.02	2.3	
VLZN-11-3 RA	0.27	< 0.02	1	< 0.02	0.14	0.02	2.4	
VLZN-11-4 FA	0.16	< 0.02	0.85	< 0.02	0.094	0.01	1.6	
VLZN-11-4 RA	0.16	< 0.02	0.82	< 0.02	0.094	0.01	1.6	
VLZN-11-5 FA	0.12	0.02	0.51	< 0.03	0.071	< 0.01	1.3	
VLZN-11-5 RA	0.13	0.03	0.61	< 0.03	0.088	0.01	1.4	
VLZN-11-6 FA	0.27	0.06	1.4	0.04	0.12	0.1	2.4	
VLZN-11-6 RA	0.27	0.07	1.4	< 0.02	0.12	0.1	2.4	
VLZN-11-7 FA	0.13	< 0.02	0.59	< 0.02	0.069	< 0.01	2.5	
VLZN-11-7 RA	0.13	< 0.02	0.62	< 0.02	0.069	< 0.01	2.6	
VLZN-11-8 FA	0.2	< 0.02	1	< 0.02	0.11	0.03	1.9	
VLZN-11-8 RA	0.21	< 0.02	0.99	< 0.02	0.11	0.03	1.9	
VLZN-11-9 FA	0.091	< 0.02	0.48	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.01	1.8	
VLZN-11-9 RA	0.095	< 0.02	0.45	< 0.02	0.053	< 0.01	1.8	
VLZN-12-3 FA	0.1	0.04	0.41	< 0.02	0.052	0.01	3.5	
VLZN-12-3 RA	0.12	0.04	0.45	< 0.02	0.058	0.02	3.5	
VLZN-13-4 FA	0.02	< 0.02	0.068	< 0.02	0.01	< 0.01	1.8	
VLZN-13-4 RA	0.02	< 0.02	0.08	< 0.02	0.01	< 0.01	1.7	
VLZN-13-5 FA	0.065	0.02	0.23	< 0.03	0.04	< 0.01	1.3	
VLZN-13-5 RA	0.059	0.04	0.22	< 0.03	0.04	< 0.01	1.3	
VLZN-13-6 FA	0.02	< 0.02	0.089	< 0.02	0.01	< 0.01	2.7	
VLZN-13-6 RA	0.03	0.05	0.13	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.01	2.7	
VLZN-13-7 FA	0.008	< 0.02	0.03	< 0.02	0.005	< 0.01	1.9	
VLZN-13-7 RA	0.01	< 0.02	0.059	< 0.02	0.008	< 0.01	2.0	
VLZN-13-8 FA	0.006	< 0.02	0.03	< 0.02	0.005	< 0.01	2.2	
VLZN-13-8 RA	0.01	0.03	0.053	< 0.02	0.009	< 0.01	2.3	
VLZN-13-9 FA	0.02	< 0.02	0.07	< 0.02	0.01	< 0.01	1.4	
VLZN-13-9 RA	0.04	0.03	0.15	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.01	1.5	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPAES	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	La	Mg	Mn	Mo	Na	Nd	Ni	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	40	14.9	2400	< 2	<1	42	50	
VLZN-11-2 RA	40	14.9	2400	< 2	1.1	46	60	
VLZN-11-3 FA	8.3	2.5	710	< 0.02	2.0	7	6.4	
VLZN-11-3 RA	8.4	2.6	720	0.04	2.3	7	7.2	
VLZN-11-4 FA	5.4	2.0	390	0.03	2.6	4.5	3.8	
VLZN-11-4 RA	5.3	2.1	400	0.03	2.7	4.5	3.8	
VLZN-11-5 FA	3.2	1.2	240	0.06	1.9	3.4	2.4	
VLZN-11-5 RA	3.7	1.2	250	0.06	1.9	3.5	2.6	
VLZN-11-6 FA	10	5.2	1200	< 0.02	2.0	9.9	15	
VLZN-11-6 RA	10	5.1	1200	0.02	2.0	9.8	16	
VLZN-11-7 FA	4.2	2.0	580	< 0.02	2.0	3.6	3.1	
VLZN-11-7 RA	4.2	2.0	570	0.02	2.1	3.9	4	
VLZN-11-8 FA	6.7	2.4	480	0.06	2.6	6	5.4	
VLZN-11-8 RA	6.6	2.4	470	0.07	2.7	6	5.3	
VLZN-11-9 FA	3.2	1.6	490	< 0.02	2.2	2.6	2.4	
VLZN-11-9 RA	3.3	1.5	490	< 0.02	2.2	2.7	2.5	
VLZN-12-3 FA	2.8	6.5	2000	< 0.02	1.5	2.9	8.2	
VLZN-12-3 RA	3.1	6.6	2000	0.02	1.5	3.2	8.8	
VLZN-13-4 FA	0.4	1.4	120	0.1	4.7	0.38	0.8	
VLZN-13-4 RA	0.4	1.2	130	0.1	4.4	0.46	0.8	
VLZN-13-5 FA	1.3	0.9	99	0.1	2.5	1.4	1	
VLZN-13-5 RA	1.5	1.0	100	0.09	2.6	1.7	1	
VLZN-13-6 FA	0.57	1.2	160	0.1	2.6	0.58	1	
VLZN-13-6 RA	1.1	1.2	170	0.06	2.4	1	1	
VLZN-13-7 FA	0.2	1.2	92	0.1	3.3	0.2	0.3	
VLZN-13-7 RA	0.3	1.2	97	0.07	3.4	0.33	0.4	
VLZN-13-8 FA	0.2	1.4	130	0.04	4.6	0.2	0.5	
VLZN-13-8 RA	0.3	1.4	120	0.04	4.5	0.33	0.6	
VLZN-13-9 FA	0.4	1.3	300	0.07	3.6	0.39	0.8	
VLZN-13-9 RA	0.91	1.4	370	0.08	3.6	0.93	1.1	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	P	Pb	Pr	Rb	Re	Sb	Se	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	< 2000	1600	10	20		<2	< 20	
VLZN-11-2 RA	< 2000	1600	10	20		<2	< 20	
VLZN-11-3 FA	< 1	390	1.9	7.5	< 0.02	<0.03	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-3 RA	< 1	390	1.9	7.6	< 0.02	<0.03	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-4 FA	< 1	180	1.3	3.9	< 0.02	0.03	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-4 RA	< 1	180	1.3	3.8	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-5 FA	5	190	0.88	3.7	< 0.02	0.31	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-5 RA	7	210	0.98	3.9	< 0.02	0.08	0.2	
VLZN-11-6 FA	< 3	510	2.3	14	< 0.02	0.04	0.4	
VLZN-11-6 RA	< 3	530	2.3	14	< 0.02	0.05	0.4	
VLZN-11-7 FA	< 2	180	1	9	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-7 RA	< 2	190	1.1	9.5	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-8 FA	< 1	330	1.7	5.7	< 0.02	<0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-8 RA	20	330	1.7	5.7	< 0.02	0.03	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-9 FA	4	130	0.71	6.4	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.2	
VLZN-11-9 RA	6	140	0.75	6.5	< 0.02	0.04	< 0.2	
VLZN-12-3 FA	< 1	140	0.75	14	< 0.02	0.04	0.3	
VLZN-12-3 RA	< 1	210	0.85	14	< 0.02	<0.03	0.3	
VLZN-13-4 FA	3.3	7.1	0.09	2.1	< 0.02	0.2	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-4 RA	3.9	10	0.1	2.2	< 0.02	0.05	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-5 FA	10	24	0.37	2.9	< 0.02	0.26	0.3	
VLZN-13-5 RA	13	28	0.42	3.1	< 0.02	0.076	0.3	
VLZN-13-6 FA	26	2.3	0.1	4.8	< 0.02	4.2	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-6 RA	65	6.3	0.24	5	< 0.02	0.06	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-7 FA	8	0.79	0.04	3.4	< 0.02	0.3	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-7 RA	27	2.1	0.09	3.4	< 0.02	0.02	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-8 FA	17	1.8	0.05	3.4	< 0.02	0.3	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-8 RA	30	4.1	0.08	3.5	< 0.02	0.1	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-9 FA	20	3	0.1	3.1	< 0.02	0.62	< 0.2	
VLZN-13-9 RA	51	11	0.24	3.4	< 0.02	0.2	< 0.2	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	SiO2	Sm	Sr	Tb	Th	Tl	Tm	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	< 50	9	< 8	0.8		<5	< 0.5	
VLZN-11-2 RA	< 50	7	< 8	0.8		<5	< 0.5	
VLZN-11-3 FA	13	1.4	9	0.15	0.057	<0.1	0.05	
VLZN-11-3 RA	13	1.3	9.5	0.15	0.052	<0.1	0.05	
VLZN-11-4 FA	11	0.88	7.8	0.11	0.03	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-11-4 RA	10	0.87	7.6	0.1	0.05	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-11-5 FA	8.2	0.66	9	0.069	0.12	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-11-5 RA	8.5	0.8	9.2	0.084	0.13	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-11-6 FA	18	1.6	11	0.15	0.42	0.09	0.04	
VLZN-11-6 RA	18	1.6	11	0.15	0.46	0.09	0.05	
VLZN-11-7 FA	14	0.69	8.9	0.079	< 0.01	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-11-7 RA	13	0.68	9.2	0.086	< 0.01	<0.05	0.03	
VLZN-11-8 FA	13	1.1	8.1	0.13	0.05	<0.05	0.04	
VLZN-11-8 RA	13	1.2	8.2	0.12	0.03	<0.05	0.04	
VLZN-11-9 FA	15	0.49	8.7	0.059	< 0.02	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-11-9 RA	15	0.5	8.9	0.059	< 0.02	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-12-3 FA	12	0.6	16	0.054	0.07	<0.1	0.02	
VLZN-12-3 RA	12	0.64	17	0.059	0.092	<0.1	0.02	
VLZN-13-4 FA	13	0.07	9.7	0.009	0.04	<0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-13-4 RA	13	0.08	10	0.01	0.02	<0.05	0.005	
VLZN-13-5 FA	5.4	0.32	8.9	0.04	0.16	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-13-5 RA	5.6	0.34	9	0.04	0.097	<0.05	0.02	
VLZN-13-6 FA	11	0.08	12	0.01	0.05	<0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-13-6 RA	12	0.2	12	0.02	0.1	<0.05	0.008	
VLZN-13-7 FA	15	0.03	11	< 0.005	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-13-7 RA	15	0.06	11	0.008	< 0.01	<0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-13-8 FA	15	0.05	12	0.006	< 0.02	<0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-13-8 RA	16	0.07	12	0.009	< 0.02	<0.05	< 0.005	
VLZN-13-9 FA	14	0.09	12	0.01	0.05	<0.05	0.005	
VLZN-13-9 RA	14	0.2	13	0.02	0.14	<0.05	0.009	

APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA
Field No.	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	ICPMS	
	U	V	W	Y	Yb	Zn	
	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	
VLZN-11-2 FA	4	<20	< 2		2	27000	
VLZN-11-2 RA	4	<20	< 2		1	27000	
VLZN-11-3 FA	0.32	<0.1	< 0.02	3.7	0.27	3200	
VLZN-11-3 RA	0.32	0.1	< 0.02	3.8	0.26	3200	
VLZN-11-4 FA	0.15	<0.1	0.04	2.4	0.2	2000	
VLZN-11-4 RA	0.15	0.1	0.03	2.4	0.2	2000	
VLZN-11-5 FA	0.17	0.54	0.03	1.7	0.2	1300	
VLZN-11-5 RA	0.2	0.76	0.04	1.9	0.2	1400	
VLZN-11-6 FA	0.69	0.2	< 0.02	6.2	0.28	8100	
VLZN-11-6 RA	0.71	0.3	< 0.02	6.4	0.29	8200	
VLZN-11-7 FA	0.1	<0.1	< 0.02	1.8	0.1	1600	
VLZN-11-7 RA	0.11	<0.1	< 0.02	1.8	0.2	1600	
VLZN-11-8 FA	0.28	<0.1	0.03	3.1	0.21	3000	
VLZN-11-8 RA	0.28	<0.1	0.03	3	0.21	3000	
VLZN-11-9 FA	0.08	<0.2	< 0.02	1.4	0.1	1000	
VLZN-11-9 RA	0.08	<0.2	< 0.02	1.5	0.1	990	
VLZN-12-3 FA	0.19	<0.1	< 0.02	1.3	0.1	6300	
VLZN-12-3 RA	0.23	0.1	< 0.02	1.5	0.1	6600	
VLZN-13-4 FA	0.03	0.3	0.05	0.3	0.02	85	
VLZN-13-4 RA	0.03	0.47	0.04	0.3	0.02	86	
VLZN-13-5 FA	0.09	0.73	< 0.02	0.95	0.1	31	
VLZN-13-5 RA	0.1	1	< 0.02	0.97	0.09	30	
VLZN-13-6 FA	0.04	0.69	< 0.02	0.55	0.02	21	
VLZN-13-6 RA	0.08	2.3	< 0.02	0.92	0.05	20	
VLZN-13-7 FA	0.02	0.3	0.04	0.1	< 0.01	8	
VLZN-13-7 RA	0.03	1	0.03	0.2	0.02	8	
VLZN-13-8 FA	0.02	0.3	< 0.02	0.1	0.01	31	
VLZN-13-8 RA	0.03	0.72	< 0.02	0.2	0.02	34	
VLZN-13-9 FA	0.04	0.7	< 0.02	0.3	0.03	20	
VLZN-13-9 RA	0.07	2.5	< 0.02	0.6	0.06	20