Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Roberto J. Anima Originator: Florence L. Wong Originator: Peter Galanis Originator: Jennifer Codianne Originator: Yu Xia Originator: Randy Bucciarelli Originator: Michael Hamer Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Riverbed sidescan sonar and sediment data for the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam to Phantom Ranch, Arizona, Aug-Sep, 2000 Edition: Version 1.0, April 21, 2003 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: preliminary data release Issue_Identification: 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: Description: Abstract: An experimental water release from the Glen Canyon Dam into the Colorado River above Grand Canyon was conducted in September 2000 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. To determine the sediment characteristics of the Colorado River bed before and after the release, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted sidescan sonar surveys between Glen Canyon Dam (mile -15) and Phantom Ranch (mile 87.7), Arizona. The first survey (R3-00-GC, 28 Aug to 5 Sep 2000) was conducted before the release when the river was experiencing its Low Summer Steady Flow (LSSF) of 8,000 cfs. The second survey (R4-00-GC, 10 to 18 Sep 2000) was conducted immediately after the September 2000 experimental release during which average daily flow was as high as 30,800 cfs below Glen Canyon Dam. Riverbed sediment properties interpreted from the sidescan sonar images include sediment type, sandwave fields, and calculated changes in these properties between the two surveys. Purpose: These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic information. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activities from which this data set was derived are available online at Sidescan sonar data were collected at approximately 15 to 20 stretches of the Colorado River and targeting pools between rapids in these sections of the river: >tail waters section (mile -15 to mile 0) >Paria Riffle (Mile 1) to Cathedral Riffle (Mile 3) >small area above Badger Creek Rapid (Mile 7) >Silver Grotto Riffle (Mile 29.3) to South Canyon or > just above Vasey's Paradise (Mile 31.4) >President Harding Rapid (Mile 44) to between Eminence Break > to Saddle Canyon (Mile 47) >60 Mile Rapid to the Little Colorado River (Mile 65) >below the Little Colorado River to Crash Canyon (Mile 62-63) > to Carbon Creek (Mile 64) to Lava Chuar (Mile 65) >Cremation Camp to Grand Canyon Gauge (Mile 87-89) These pools are part of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC http://www.gcmrc.gov/) physical sciences study. Maps interpreted from the sidescan sonar images show the distribution of sediment types (bedrock, boulders, pebbles or cobbles, sand) and the extent of fields of sandwaves for each of the pre- and post-flow surveys. In addition, a derived set of data describes the changes that were observed between the two surveys (fining, coarsening, erosion, deposition, change in bedforms). This data set includes sidescan sonar images and interpreted map files for each of the pre- and post-flow surveys and the changes between for the following sections of river () > mile id description > ---- -- ----------- >-15 to 0 tw Glen Canyon Dam to Lees Ferry > 0 to 3 bp below Paria Riffle, Lees Ferry to Cathedral Wash > 4 to 8 bch below Cathedral Wash >27 to 29 ts Tiger Wash to Shinumo Wash >30 to 32 ssc Shinumo Wash to South Canyon >36 to 39 tp Thirty-Six Mile to President Harding Rapid >44 to 47 phs President Harding Rapid to Saddle Canyon >47 to 52 sn Saddle Canyon to Nankoweap Rapid >60 to 61 slc Sixty Mile Rapid to Little Colorado River >62 to 69 blcr below Little Colorado River >85 to 87 zc Zoroaster Rapid to Cremation File naming convention where xxxx is one of the river segment abbreviations (id above) plus a number: >r300xxxx.tif R3-00-GC sidescan sonar image, 0.2 m resolution >r300xxxx.tfw world file for registration of sidescan sonar image >r300xxxx.prj projection file for sidescan sonar image > >r400xxxx.tif R4-00-GC sidescan sonar image, 0.2 m resolution >r400xxxx.tfw world file for registration of sidescan sonar image >r400xxxx.prj projection file for sidescan sonar image > >r300xxxx/ interpreted sediment types, R3-00-GC >r300xxxxsw/ sandwave fields, R3-00-GC > >r400xxxx/ interpreted sediment types, R4-00-GC >r400xxxxsw/ sandwave fields, R4-00-GC > >chgxxxxsw/ bedform changes between R3-00-GC and R4-00-GC >chgxxxx/ deposition or erosion between R3-00-GC and R4-00-GC Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 200304 Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As Needed. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -112.09242 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -111.47837 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.08593 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.93602 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar Theme_Keyword: experimental flow Theme_Keyword: river sediments Theme_Keyword: bedforms Theme_Keyword: sandwaves Theme_Keyword: pebbles Theme_Keyword: gravel Theme_Keyword: sand Theme_Keyword: bedrock Theme_Keyword: boulders Theme_Keyword: Klein sidescan Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Arizona Place_Keyword: Colorado River Place_Keyword: Grand Canyon Place_Keyword: Glen Canyon Dam Place_Keyword: Lees Ferry Place_Keyword: Paria Place_Keyword: Cathedral Wash Place_Keyword: Badger Place_Keyword: Silver Grotto Place_Keyword: Tiger Wash Place_Keyword: Shinumo Place_Keyword: South Canyon Place_Keyword: Vasey's Paradise Place_Keyword: Thirty Six Mile Place_Keyword: President Harding Rapid Place_Keyword: Eminence Break Place_Keyword: Saddle Canyon Place_Keyword: Nankoweep Place_Keyword: Sixty Mile Rapid Place_Keyword: Little Colorado Place_Keyword: Crash Canyon Place_Keyword: Carbon Creek Place_Keyword: Lava Chuar Place_Keyword: Zoroaster Place_Keyword: Cremation Place_Keyword: Diamond Creek Place_Keyword: Phantom Ranch Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: These preliminary data are provided for cooperators in the Grand Canyon Monitoring Research Center research program and are not intended for general release without express permission of Roberto J. Anima, USGS (ranima@usgs.gov). Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Florence L. Wong Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Contact_Position: Geologist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025-3561 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5327 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fwong@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: SunOS, 5.8, sun4u UNIX ArcInfo version 8.0.2 Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Index map of Grand Canyon survey blocks. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable for raster data. Completeness_Report: Complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Location data were acquired in two ways. First, a Global Positioning System (GPS) collected location data using two GPS units. The antenna was mounted on a stationary frame that was located within 0.5 meter over the tow fish. The GPS data were collected and stored on hard disk and optical drive for later processing. The second source of location data relied on high-resolution (1-foot pixels) aerial photographs covering the entire river. One crewmember located and marked features observed along the shore on aerial photographs with an identifier and time. The identifier and time were also noted on the paper sidescan sonar record. A GPS fix was taken at the same time on the hand-held units. The aerial photograph data proved essential where the GPS signal was lost to canyon steepness and reflection of the incoming GPS signal on the canyon walls. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Two surveys (R3-00-GC and R4-00-GC) were conducted from Glen Canyon Dam to Diamond Creek (224 miles). A Klein 500 kHz side-scanning sonar tow fish was used to conduct the surveys above the Little Colorado River. During the pre-flow survey a large quantity of fine-grained sediment from the Little Colorado attenuated the outgoing sidescan signal so much that the survey had to be stopped. Switching to a 100 kHz tow fish and electronics allowed the surveying to continue to Diamond Creek. Process_Date: 200009 Process_Step: Process_Description: Sidescan sonar images were processed with the USGS Mini Image Processing System (MIPS) , a set of software tools that are used to convert rectangular blocks of raw data to georeferenced images in UTM 11 coordinates in MIPS "raw" or .bil (band interleaved by line) format. The processed images have pixel values 0 to 255, indicating a range of sonar reflectance from low to high. In grayscale, these values are portrayed as black to white, respectively. The images were converted to TIFFs for use with illustration software. Processor: Peter Galanis (pgalanis@usgs.gov). Process_Date: 2001 Process_Step: Process_Description: Sidescan sonar tiff images were imported to Adobe Photoshop where the color mapping was inverted so that original 0 to 255 pixel values are gradational from white to black. Interpreted features were drawn as vector layers in Adobe Illustrator. Images were enlarged for interpreting 50 to 100 percent for clarity. The resolution of the sidescan images is 0.2 meter per pixel. Darker features on the inverted images indicate higher reflectivity. For example, bedrock and boulders image as dark reflectors whereas sand and gravel image as various shades of white to dark gray. Processor: Roberto Anima (ranima@usgs.gov). Process_Date: 2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: Vector layers from Adobe Illustrator files were exported to Arc shapefiles with Avenza Mapublisher. Registration tics were generated from the registration world file of the sidescan sonar images. The upper left tic coordinates and a scale of 567 supplied to Mapublisher produces registered shapefiles. The shapefiles were converted to Arc coverages for editing and tagging. Processors: Jennifer Codianne, Yu Xia, Randy Bucciarelli, and Michael Hamer. Process_Date: 2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: The coverages were checked and manually registered if the navigation data were insufficient. The image and vector files in UTM 11 coordinates were converted to Arizona State Plane coordinates for conformance to GCMRC requirements. Processor: Florence Wong (fwong@usgs.gov). Process_Date: 2003 Process_Step: Process_Description: First draft of metadata created by florence using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.35 08/02/2000 on ArcInfo data set /we5/florence/gc/bp1a/r3bp1a_az Process_Date: 20030314 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 7295 Column_Count: 5190 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: >r300xxx.tif, r400xxx.tif - 0.2-meter resolution sidescan >sonar images with pixel values 0 to 255. 0 represents >nodata areas. Image color is black (0) to white (255). > >r300xxxx, r400xxxx - polygon coverage of interpreted >sediment types > > Attribute: sedtype > Values: bedrock, boulders, pebbles_cobbles, sand, shoreline > >r300xxxsw, r400xxxsw - polygon coverage of sandwave fields > > Attribute: sedtype > Values: starved_sand > >chgxxxsw - polygon coverage of areas of bedform change >between R3-00-GC and R4-00-GC > > Attribute: sedchange > Values: new sandwaves, sandwaves lost > >chg_r4xxx - polygon coverage of areas of fining, coarsening, erosion or >deposition between R3-00-GC and R4-00-GC > > Attribute: sedchange > Values: fining, coarsening, deposition, erosion > Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Contact_Person: Florence L. Wong Contact_Position: Geologist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025-3561 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5327 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fwong@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20030422 Metadata_Review_Date: 200305 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Contact_Person: Florence L. Wong Contact_Position: Geologist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025-3561 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5327 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fwong@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2") Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none