Open-File Report 03-302
The Redlands 7.5' quadrangle is located in the southeastern margin of the San Bernardino Basin, an extensional region situated in a right-step-over zone within the San Andreas Fault system. The quadrangle is traversed by several important fault zones, including: (1) northwest-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas system (Banning Fault, the Mission Creek and San Bernardino Strands of the San Andreas Fault, the San Jacinto Fault); (2) northeast-trending normal dip-slip faults that have downdropped the San Bernardino Basin; (3) east-trending contractional faults of the San Timoteo Canyon Fault zone. Some of these faults bound distinctive packages of crystalline basement rock.
Northwest of the Mission Creek Strand of the San Andreas Fault lies an igneous and metamorphic complex characterized by textural and compositional heterogeneity. This terrane, the Wilson Creek block, is strongly gneissose but includes foliated to massive granitoid rocks intimately intermingled with the gneisses. Thin slices of the gneissose complex have been displaced a few kilometers by the San Bernardino Strand of the San Andreas, the modern trace of the San Andreas Fault in the Redlands quadrangle and elsewhere along the southwest margin of the San Bernardino Mountains.
The Mission Creek strand is inferred to lie beneath Quaternary surficial deposits along the southwestern base of the San Bernardino Mountains. This fault is the major strand of the San Andreas Fault zone, has about 100 km of right-slip, and has juxtaposed distinctive crystalline rocks of San Gabriel Mountains-type against the Wilson Creek block and the San Bernardino Mountains.
The Banning Fault probably demarcates an important boundary between rocks of San Gabriel Mountains-type to the north and rocks of Peninsular Ranges-type to the south. This hypothesis is difficult to test because outcrops of the two terranes are several miles apart and between them the trace of the Banning Fault must be inferred beneath surficial deposits and beneath the San Timoteo beds of Frick (1921). The rocks of Peninsular Range-type are very different from those of San Gabriel Mountains-type, and consist of massive to foliated granitoids of monzogranitic, granodioritic, and tonalitic composition.
Much of the Redlands quadrangle is covered with unconsolidated Quaternary surficial deposits of sand and gravel that have accumulated over the last 600,000 years or so. These are thickest on the modern and ancestral flood plains of the Santa Ana River. In the south part of the quadrangle within the San Timoteo and Reche Canyon drainage systems, Quaternary surficial deposits are less extensive and have distribution patterns determined by displacements on the San Timoteo Canyon Fault zone (reverse faulting) and the San Jacinto Fault (strike-slip faulting). In this region, folded and faulted deposits of the San Timoteo beds of Frick, (1921) formed upwarps and downwarps that influenced the evolution of the landscape and its sedimentary deposits.
Digital Data:
This geologic database of the Redlands 1:24,000-scale 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California, was prepared by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), a geoscience project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the California Geological Survey. The database was created in ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute), and includes the following files: (1) a readme file, (2) this metadata file, (3) coverages containing geologic-map data and station-location data, (4) associated data tables, (5) a browse graphic of the geologic-map plot and map-marginal explanatory information (.pdf file), (6) a PostScript graphics file of the geologic-map plot with map-marginal explanatory information, and (7) .pdf files describing map units of the Redlands quadrangle (Description of Map Units) and their geologic age and correlation (Correlation of Map Units).
Geologic information contained in the Redlands database is general-purpose data that are applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term "general-purpose" means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class may have enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.
1) Quaternary surficial materials throughout the quadrangle have been reinterpreted based on our analysis of 1938 and 1953 Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, ASCS) aerial photography not examined for the 1978 report.
(2) For many faults, digital version 1.0 provides new geologic data and interpretations: (A) we have interpreted the distribution of the Banning Fault in the subsurface; (B) we have re-interpreted the distribution of fault scarps associated with the Redlands and Reservoir Canyon Faults; (C) we have reintepreted the distribution and mutual relations of faults we group into the Live Oak Fault Zone, and ascribed a reverse-fault origin to this complex; (D) we have interpolated the Mission Creek Strand of the San Andreas Fault as a major structure concealed beneath Quaternary surficial deposits along the southwestern base of the San Bernardino Mountains.
(3) Digital version 1.0 recognizes localized outcrops of San Bernardino Mountains-type rock in the San Bernardino Basin, between the San Bernardino and Mission Creek Strands of the San Andreas Fault. These rocks are part of the igneous and metamorphic complex of the Wilson Creek block, and are critical evidence for our assertion that the Mission Creek Strand of the San Andreas Fault must lie concealed outboard (southwest) of the outcrops.
Morton, D.M., 1978, Geologic map of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-21, scale 1:24,000
The database is sufficiently detailed to identify and characterize many actual and potential geologic hazards represented by faults and landslides and posed by ground subsidence and earthquake-generated ground shaking. However, it is not sufficiently detailed for site-specific determinations or evaluations of these features. Faults shown do not take the place of fault-rupture hazard zones designated by the California State Geologist (see Hart, 1988).
Use of the Redlands geologic-map database should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data allows the scale to be manipulated at the discretion of the user, detail and accuracy issues that are inherent to map-scale limitations similarly exist in the digital data. The fact that this database was constructed and edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher-resolution data generally are not present in the dataset. Therefore, plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although enlarged plots may reveal fine-scale (artificial) irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Although the data set may incorporate higher-resolution data at a few places, the resolution of the combined data-base output will be limited by the lower-resolution data.
Hart, E.W., 1988, Fault-rupture zones in California; Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act of 1972 with index to special studies zones maps: California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42
Programmatic Credit: Geologic mapping, topical studies, and digital preparation for this database were sponsored jointly by the following: (1) the U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program and National Earthquake Hazards Program; (2) California Geological Survey; (3) San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District provided funding support for database development.
Scientific Peer Review: The database and plot file benefitted from technical reviews by P. Stone, F.K. Miller, and D. Bedford.
ATTRIBUTE ACCURACY
The attribute-accuracy statement for the Redlands database incorporates four elements: (1) map-unit description and attribution, (2) geotechnical standards against which the observations are measured, (3) map-unit identification, and (4) description of linear and planar geologic structures.
Map-unit description and attribution:
Geologic-map units in the Redlands quadrangle database were described using standard field methods (see Process_Description 1 of 6). Consistent with these methods and consistent with the time available to assemble the data set, the database authors have assigned standard geologic attributes to geologic lines, points, and polygons identified in the database.
Geotechnical standards for geologic descriptions:
Plutonic rock classification: Plutonic rocks and their deformed equivalents are classified in accordance with the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks (1973; Streckeisen, 1976).
Sedimentary rock classifications: Sandstones are classified in accordance with the scheme suggested by Friedman and Sanders (1978, Table 7-4). For all sedimentary materials, bedding-thickness classification follows Ingram (1954) and grain-size classification follows Wentworth (1922).
Surficial-materials classification: Surficial materials are mapped and classified according to a southern California-wide classification scheme being developed by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP).
Terminology for slope-failure deposits (landslides and other slope-failure types) follows Varnes (1978).
Color classification: The matrix color of surficial materials and their pedogenic soils is classified according to the Munsell soil-color charts (Munsell, 1975). Bedrock colors also are classified according to the Munsell system, supplemented by the Rock-Color Chart distributed by the Geological Society of America (reprinted 1970).
Map-unit identification:
Geologic-map units in the Redlands quadrangle represent packages of geologic materials whose overall physical properties differ sufficiently from other such units as to constitute discrete mappable entities. From localities in the quadrangle where map units first were recognized and defined, they were extended to other areas through a mapping process that includes (a) direct outcrop observation, (b) interpretation of subsurface boring logs, and (c) aerial-photographic extrapolation into areas where site observation was not conducted. The coverage red_obs indicates the density of observation and data stations in the Redlands quadrangle, and is a measure of whether a map unit at a particular location was identified on the basis of hands-on data or extrapolation.
Map-unit boundaries (geologic contacts) and faults identified along mapping traverses typically were extended laterally by using aerial photographs and binoculars to project or interpolate the contact or fault to its next recorded occurrence along a nearby traverse. Only rarely were individual geologic contacts or fault lines walked out to determine their variability and character throughout the map area. The bounding contacts of surficial units and the location of fault scarps that traverse the units were plotted by using a PG-2 photogrammetric plotter that allows location accuracy equivalent to the accuracy standard for the topographic-contour base.
Description geologic structures
Geologic structure (planar structure displayed by lines, structure at specific points) in the Redlands quadrangle are described and attributed according to the scheme described by Matti and others (1997a, b). These classifications generally follow conventional schemes for classifying geologic lines and points (Reynolds and others, 1995).
ATTRIBUTE CONFIDENCE
For version 1.0 of the database, the coverage red_obs is a proxy for attribute confidence: the number of direct observations within a map unit from place to place in the quadrangle proxies for the confidence with which the unit and its attributes are believed to be accurately identified. Future releases of the Redlands data set will delineate a more objective, empirical basis for map-unit identification and attribute accuracy (map-unit and attribute confidence).
Friedman, G.M., and Sanders, J.E., 1978, Principles of sedimentology: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 792 p.
Ingram, R.L., 1954, Terminology for the thickness of stratification and parting units in sedimentary rocks: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 65, p. 937-938.
International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 1973, Plutonic rocks: Geotimes, v. 18, no. 10, p. 26-30.
Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861
Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859
Munsell Color, 1975, Munsell soil color charts, 1975 edition: Baltimore, Maryland, Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Corporation.
Reynolds, M.W., Queen, J.E., and Taylor, R.B., 1995, Cartographic and digital standard for geologic map information: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-525
Streckeisen A., 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth Science Reviews, v. 12, p. 1-33.
Varnes, D.J., 1978, Slope movement types and processes, in Schuster, R.L., and Krizek, R.J., eds., Landslides: analysis and control: Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Special Report 176, p. 11-33.
Wentworth, C.K., 1922, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments: Journal of Geology, v. 30, p. 377-392.
The areal extent of the map is represented digitally by an appropriately projected (Polyconic projection), mathematically generated box. Consequently, polygons intersecting the lines that comprise the map boundary are closed by that boundary. Polygons internal to the map boundary are completely enclosed by line segments that are themselves a set of sequentially numbered coordinate pairs. Point data are represented by coordinate pairs.
Information for geologic units, geologic contacts, and faults by necessity is generalized. Although derived from data collected at individual observation stations, the characteristics of map units, their bounding contacts, and faults have been averaged and reduced to attributes that describe each map unit and each line element as a whole. This averaging process is necessary because of the intrinsic variability that geologic units, contacts, and faults display spatially: in detail, their characteristics necessarily vary from place-to-place, although certain core attributes persist. To account for this variability and yet still characterize the major defining attributes of geologic entities, the database authors have selected and archived certain geologic characteristics but omitted others. In such cases, details were sacrificed in the interest of defining the average character of the geologic features.
Map-unit completeness: For map-unit polygons, version 1.0 of the Redlands database does not exploit the full potential afforded by the data-model and attribute scheme proposed by Matti and others (1997a). The file red_geo.pat contains limited information about polygon themes such as geologic age and the thickness of geologic-map units (where appropriate or where known), as well as information about unique attributes that distinguish a map unit within a polygon or a perticular subset of polygons. Additional lithologic-attribute data are available in the INFO data table red_summ.rel, including age-related data and major rock type. Other than this minimal information, however, the Redlands database for geologic-map units (red_geo) lacks the comprehensive information content of the .pdf files (red_dmu.pdf and red_cmu.pdf).
The following data fields in the INFO table red_geo.pat for the geologic-map unit coverage contain no information:
THICK: Information about the stratigraphic thickness of geologic units is not included because such information was not obtained for digital version 1.0 of the Redlands quadrangle database.
SOURCE: Information about the source of geologic information for geologic map units is not included because in all cases such information for the Redlands database derives from the database authors.
Line and Point Completeness: For line and point data, the Redlands database exploits the attribution scheme proposed by Matti and others (1997a,b). This scheme allows geologic elements represented as lines (geologic contacts, faults, fold axes, geomorphic features) and points (bedding orientations, foliation orientations, fault dips) to be assigned a full spectrum of attributes ranging from contact and fault type to geologic age of linear and point features. Some of these attributes are embedded directly within the line and point data bases (.aat and .pat, respectively). Most line and point attributes are stored as codes in two INFO data tables (lines.rel and points.rel).
A complete description of the attribute-coding schemes for SCAMP polygon, line, and point data is available in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports OF-97-859, OF-97-860, and OF-97-861 (full source citations follow):
Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861 URL:<http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/wgmt/scamp/scamp.html>
Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859 URL:<http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/ncgm/scamp/scamp.html>
Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., and Cossette, P.M., 1997c, Geologic-polygon attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-860 URL:<http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/ncgm/scamp/scamp.html>
In the Redlands 1:24,000 scale quadrangle, geologic lines are judged to meet the map-accuracy standard if they are located to within ±15 meters relative to topographic or cultural features on the base map. Within the database, line data that are judged to meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted in the data table lines.rel by the attribute code .MEE. (meets); line data that may not meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted by the attribute code .MNM. (may not meet). On geologic-map plots and other plots generated from the geologic database, line data that are judged to meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted by solid lines; line data that may not meet the map-accuracy standard are denoted by dashed or dotted lines.
In the database and on geologic-map plots, no cartographic device exists for denoting the map-accuracy for geologic-point data (symbols for bedding, foliation, lineations, etc.).
Three sources of positional error exist for geologic elements in the Redlands quadrangle database:
(1) Positional accuracy of field observations: observation stations (data localities) were located either on aerial photographs or on the topographic basemap of the Redlands quadrangle by referencing hypsographic and planimetric features on the basemap.
(2) Transfer of line and point data from aerial photographs to the topographic base: For bedrock geologic materials, point data, contacts and faults were visually transferred to scale-stable copies of the topographic base map. For most surficial geologic materials, geologic contacts and fault scarps were transferred to the base map through the use of a PG-2 sterographic plotter that allows geologic elements to be located with an accuracy and precision equivalent to the standard for the topographic-contour base.
(3) Positional fidelity during digital data processing: the maximum transformation Root Mean Square (RMS) error acceptable for 7.5' quadrangle transformation and data input is 0.003 (1.8 meters). The horizontal positional accuracy line and point entities was checked by visual comparison of hard-copy plots with base-stable source data.
The geologic information contained in the database and on the geologic-map plot was generated by the U.S. Geological Survey using a combination of reconnaissance and detailed mapping techniques. The field data were collected and plotted on aerial photographs and on a 1:24,000-scale basemap (U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000 Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, 1967, photorevised, 1980)
Bedrock map units were described, mapped, and interpreted on the basis of traverse-mapping methods. Along each traverse, geologic observations are made and recorded at various observation stations whose postitions are stored in the coverage red_obs. Information recorded at these stations provides the basis for the identification and characterization of each bedrock map unit. Map-unit boundaries (geologic contacts) and faults identified along each traverse typically were extended laterally by using aerial photographs and binoculars to project or interpolate the fault or contact to its next recorded occurrence along a nearby traverse. A few sedimentary-layering attitudes were determined through binocular observation rather than from site determinations; these are identified in the database and on the geologic-map plot.
Surficial-materials map units were described, mapped, and interpreted on the basis of aerial-photographic interpretation augmented by observation at specific stations. The bounding contacts of each surficial unit and the location of fault scarps that traverse the units were plotted by using a PG-2 photogrammetric plotter that allows location accuracy equivalent to the accuracy standard for the topographic-contour base. The coverage red_obs shows the position of observation stations used to determine geologic characteristics of the surficial map units.
Jonathan C. Matti - mapped and interpreted Quaternary surficial materials throughout the Redlands quadrangle; mapped faults of the Live Oak Canyon Fault zone based on aerial-photographic interpretation; Re-interpreted the distribution of the Redlands Fault - 1985-1986, 1988, 1995-1996
Douglas M. Morton � mapped the entire Redlands quadrangle for the 1978 USGS Open-File Report 78-21. For digital v. 1.0, Morton's original Contributions in the following areas are preserved: mapping of the San Jacinto Fault; mapping of crystalline rocks west of the San Jacinto Fault; mapping of sedimentary materials and faults in the San Timoteo Badlands south of San Timoteo Canyon; mapping of crystalline rocks in the northeast corner of the Redlands quadrangle
Brett F. Cox - mapped sedimentary materials and faults of the Live Oak Canyon Fault zone on the north side of Live Oak Canyon and San Timoteo Canyon; mapped residual pedogenic soil in the vicinity of the intersection of Live Oak and San Timoteo Canyons - 1980.
Katherine J. Kendrick � mapped alluvial deposits and examined and described pedogenic-soil profiles in the vicinity of the mouth of San Timoteo Canyon and in Reche Canyon (see Kendrick, 1996, 1999; Kendrick and others, 1994; Kendrick and others, 2002)
Kendrick, K.J., 1996, Descriptions and laboratory analysis for soils in the northern San Timoteo Badlands, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 96-93, 6 p.
Kendrick, K.J., 1999, Quaternary geologic evolution of the northern San Jacinto fault zone: Understanding evolving strike-slip faults through geomorphic and soil stratigraphic analysis: Riverside, University of California, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 301 p.
Kendrick, K.J., McFadden, L.D., and Morton, D.M., 1994, Soils and slip rates along the northern San Jacinto fault, in McGill, S.F., and Ross, T.M., eds., Geological investigations of an active margin: Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Guidebook, Trip No. 8, p. 146-151.
Kendrick, K.J., Morton, D.M., Wells, S.G., and Simpson, R.W., 2002, Spatial and temporal deformation along the northern San Jacinto fault, southern California; implications for slip rates: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, pp. 2782-2802.
The digital geologic-map database was produced from geologic linework drafted on a 1:24,000-scale greenline chronoflex of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle using a 0.18 rapidograph drafting pen. Source materials include: (1) paper field sheets produced by each map author; (2) annotations made by each author on aerial photographs; (3) pencil linework generated by PG-2 stereographic plotter on a scale-stable 1:24,000-scale chronoflex of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle.
The basemap image (red.tif) was prepared by scanning a scale-stable blackline .007-mil clear film of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000-scale Redlands 7.5' quadrangle topographic map (1967, photorevised, 1980). Scanning was done using an Anatech Eagle 4080 monochrome 800 dots-per-inch scanner at a resolution of 500 dpi. The raster scan was converted to a monochromatic image in ARC/INFO. No elements of the base layer are attributed. The base map is provided for reference only.
Geologic data for the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle were captured in different stages using different techniques. (1) Geologic-line information in the southern third of the quadrangle was digitized and simultaneously converted to ARC/INFO coverages through the application and utilization of the graphical user interface ALACARTE developed by the USGS (Fitzgibbon, 1991; Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991; Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991) running on a Data General Aviion workstation. (2) For the northern two-thirds of the quadrangle, geologic-line information was captured by scanning a scale-stable 0.010-mil clear-film positive of linework drafted by the authors on greenline milar. The clear-film positive was scanned by Optronics, Inc. to produce an 800 DPI raster file, and the raster image was converted to vector format by Optronics, Inc. using proprietary auto-vectorizing software. (3) For the entire quadrangle, geologic-point data were captured using ARC/INFO v. 7.0.4 software using a Sun SPARC20 computer system running Solaris v. 2.4.
The database was edited and tagged in ARC/INFO v. 7.0.4 and v. 7.1.1 using a Sun SPARC20 computer system running Solaris v. 2.4.
Contributions by Database Editors:
Pamela M. Cossette - responsible for editing the vector scan, most geologic database editing, assembling the final database and plot-file products, and metadata production
Bradley Jones - responsible for data conversion in the southern part of the quadrangle
Stephen A. Kennedy - responsible for database editing in the southern part of the quadrangle
Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, ALACARTE installation and system manual (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 91-587B.
Fitzgibbon, T.T., and Wentworth, C.M., 1991, ALACARTE user interface - AML code and demonstration maps (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 91-587A
Wentworth, C.M., and Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, ALACARTE user manual (version 1.0): U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-587C
The coverage red_obs contains the locations of observation stations that the dataset authors used to describe geologic materials and geologic structures in the Redlands quadrangle. Several kinds of observation stations are included:
(1) Field observations made by the dataset authors. These are represented by the authors name (e.g., Jonathan C. Matti), and the station ID (e.g., JF, J.C. Matti notebook F);
(2) Subsurface borings obtained by the California Department of Transportation at overpassing and underpassing rights-of-way along the Interstate and State Highway systems;
(3) Subsurface borings obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) and Geologic Division (Carson and others, 1986);
(4) Subsurface borings obtained by various private geotechnical-engineering firms;
(5) Soil-profile descriptions obtained by the Natural Resources and Conservation Service (Woodruff and Brock, 1980, sheet 9)
Carson, S.E., Matti, J.C., Throckmorton, C.K., and Kelly, M.M., 1986, Stratigraphic and geotechnical data from a drilling investigation in the San Bernardino Valley and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey -Open-File Report 86-225, 83 p., scale 1:48,000.
Woodruff, G.A., and Brock, W.Z., 1980, Soil survey of San Bernardino County, southwestern part, California: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 64 p., scale 1:24,000.
lines.rel (provides information about geologic features displayed as lines on the map. For a complete description of attributes in lines.rel, refer to USGS Open-File Report 97-861 � see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation)
points.rel (provides information about geologic features displayed as points on the map. for a complete description of attributes in points.rel, refer to USGS Open-File Report 97-859 (see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation).
1) The coverage red_geo contains information about geologic-map units (represented by polygons) and planar geologic features that bound or break them (e.g. geologic contacts, and faults) represented by lines. The polygons have cartographic and geologic attributes contained in red_geo.pat; the lines have cartographic and geologic attributes contained in red_geo.aat. For display purposes, the geology coverage contains two annotation subclasses: geo contains unit labels, and fault contains formal fault names.
2) The coverage red_pts contains analyzable structural data including information that describes the types and orientation of planar and linear geologic features such as bedding, foliation, fault-plane dip, and fold-hinge plunge. One annotation subclass is included in the geologic points coverage which displays the respective dip and plunge values associated with individual point data.
3) The coverage red_obs contains point data that repesent the locality of data stations associated with multiple authors and sources, all of which have contributed geologic data. The locality data serve several purposes: (1) as a proxy for author confidence in unit identification, (2) as a means of identifying each author's contribution, and (3) as a means of identifying data from sources other than the USGS authors. One annotation subclass, obs, identifies five particular locations: four Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil profile description localities and one U.S. Geological Survey Water Resource Division (WRD) well-log data locality.
4) The coverage red_str contains geologic-line data that represent the traces of axial planes for anticlines and synclines.
5) The coverage red_ptsorn stores point data that represent ornamentation for geologic lines (e.g. strike slip arrows, bar and ball on down-thrown block, etc.)
6) The coverage red_ldr contains annotation leaders that point to unit labels that are placed outside the perimeter of a particular geologic polygon. These cartographic line entities are attributed with only a single attribute, L-SYMB, and all have the same value, 1.
Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas, Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859
Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., and Cossette, P.M., 1997c, Geologic-polygon attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-860
Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., and Cossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861
TAG serves one additional purpose: it functions as the relate item that associates each polygon with its attributes stored in the polygon-attribute data table, RED_SUMM.REL.
TAG is defined as LABL followed by an upper-case letter, e.g., QwA, QwB, or QwC, etc. Most map units in the Redlands databse have only one TAG designation, TAG A; map units having polygon subsets representing characteristics sufficiently distinct from those of the overall unit include: Qw (QwA, QwB), Qw1 (Qw1A, Qw1B), Qw2 (Qw2A, Qw2B), Qya1 (Qya1A, Qya1B), Qya3 (Qya3A, Qya3B, Qya3C), Qya5 (Qya5A, Qya5B), Qvof3 (Qvof3A, Qvof3C).
In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising out of the delivery, installation, operation, or support by USGS.
The Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Redlands 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California, 1:24,000 map-scale, and any derivative maps thereof, is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:24,000 (e.g., 1:12,000).
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