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U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 03-441

DATA REPORT: Geology of Reef-Front Carbonate Sediment Deposits around Oahu, Hawaii

2000 Kailua vibracore sketches, descriptions, and photographs

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Vibracore 1V1, Kailua Bay

Upward-fining, brownish-gray (5YR4/1), silty, very fine-grained carbonate sand layer (6-8) cm thick; vague lamination to burrowed?; burrowed lower contact.

Variable upward-coarsening and fining, burrowed to bioturbated, medium- to coarse- and very coarse-grained, coraline algal-rich carbonate sand; massive appearing owing to extensive bioturbation; variable color from light olive gray (5Y8/1) in lower part to grayish orange (10YR7/4) in upper meter; fair to moderate sorting; clasts subrounded to rounded; sand composed mainly of calcareous algal fragments (51.0-55.0%) and coral fragments (16.0-17.0%), with common carbonate rock fragment grains (8.5-13.5%) and Halimeda fragments (12.5-16.5%).

Irregular, bioturbated, very fine- to fine-grained, carbonate sand; yellowish to light greenish gray (5Y-GY8/1); fair to moderate sorting; clasts angular to subangular; sand composition mix of fragments of Halimeda (27.5%), coral (20.5%), calcareous algae (17.5%) and benthic foraminifers (9.5%); minor calcareous sponge spicules (4.5%); relatively abundant unidentifiable grains owing to fine grain size.

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features
High detail photo of core



Vibracore 2V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform succession of bioturbated, very fine- to fine-grained, carbonate sand; massive appearing (no obvious sedimentary structures) owing to extensive bioturbation; yellowish gray (5Y8/1); fair to moderate sorting with scattered, coarse-grained skeletal fragments (2-5%); all sand size clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction composed of a mix of Halimeda (27.5-28.0%), coral fragments (15.5-19.0%), benthic foraminifera (12.5%) and calcareous algae (8.5-9.0%) with common calcareous sponge spicules (5.0-7.5%); minor volcanic rock fragments (2.0%) also abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (18.0-25.5%) owing to the very fine grain size.

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 3V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform burrowed to bioturbated, very fine- to fine-grained, Halimeda-bearing carbonate sand; massive appearing owing probably to extensive bioturbation; yellowish gray (5Y8/1); poor to fair sorting; clasts angular to subrounded; sand composed mainly of mix of Halimeda (30.0-36.0%, coral fragments (15.5-17.5%), calcareous algal fragments (10.5-12.0%) and benthic foraminifera (4.0-14.0%),with abundant unidentifiable clasts (12.5-14.5%) owing to fine grain size, and common carbonate rock fragment grains (2.5-12.0%); also minor mollusks (3.0-3.5%), echinoderm fragments (2.0-3.5%), calcareous sponge spicules (2.0-2.5%) and altered volcanic rock fragment grains (0.5-2.5%). A relatively sharp to burrow-mottled contact. Uniform burrowed to bioturbated, very fine- to coarse-grained, carbonate sand; massive appearing owing probably to extensive bioturbation; light olive to yellowish gray (5Y6/1-8/1); very poor sorting; clasts angular to subangular; sand composed mainly of mix of coral fragments (20.5-27.5%), Halimeda (15.5-26.0%), calcareous algal fragments (18.5-20.0%) and benthic foraminifera (12.0-16.5%),with common carbonate rock fragment grains (7.5-13.0%); minor unidentifiable clasts (3.5-5.0%) mollusks (1.5-7.0%) and echinoderm fragments (2.0-2.5%).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 4V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform succession of bioturbated, muddy, very fine- to fine-grained, carbonate sand: massive appearing (no obvious sedimentary structures) owing to extensive bioturbation; yellowish to light greenish gray (5Y-GY8/1); poor to fair sorting with abundant mud (25 to 45+%); all sand clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction composed of a mix of Halimeda (18.5-23.5%), benthic foraminifera (17.0-19.5%), calcareous algae (11.0%) and coral fragments (9.0-9.5%), with common carbonate rock fragments (2.0-7.5%); and calcareous sponge spicules (4.5-5.0%); also abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (22.0-32.0%) owing to very fine grain size.

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 5V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform to subtly upward-coarsening burrowed to bioturbated, fine- to medium and coarse-grained, volcanic rock fragment-bearing carbonate sand; massive appearing owing probably to extensive bioturbation; local mud-filled burrow structures; light olive gray (5Y8/1); fair to moderate sorting; clasts angular to subrounded and rounded; sand composed mainly of mix of coral fragments (17.5-23.0%), calcareous algal fragments (17.5-21.0%), benthonic foraminifera (13.5-24%) and Halimeda (12.5-16.5%), with notable abundance of highly altered volcanic rock fragment grains (8.5-14.5%) and common carbonate rock fragment grains (7.0-8.5%).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 6V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform to subtly upward-coarsening successions of burrowed to bioturbated, muddy and sandy, Halimeda gravel: massive appearing owing probably to extensive bioturbation; local mud-filled burrow structures; yellowish to light greenish gray (5Y-GY8/1); poor to fair sorting with muddy (5-12.0%) and sandy (very fine- to fine-grained) "matrix"; elongate Halimedaflakes 0.5-1.0 cm long; clasts angular to subangular; sand and fine gravel fractions dominantly Halimeda (39.0-66.0%) with abundant foraminifera (27.5-36.0%) and common calcareous algae (6.0-10.0%) and coral fragments (3.0-7.0).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 7V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform to subtly upward-coarsening successions of burrowed to bioturbated, muddy and sandy, Halimeda gravel: massive appearing owing probably to extensive bioturbation; local mud-filled burrow structures; yellowish to light greenish gray (5Y-GY8/1); poor to fair sorting with muddy (10.0%) and sandy (very fine- to fine-grained) "matrix"; elongate Halimeda flakes 0.5-1.0 cm long; clasts angular to subangular; sand and fine gravel fractions dominantly Halimeda (66.5-81.0%) common foraminifera (11.5-15.0%) very minor calcareous algae (1.0-3.0%).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 8V1, Kailua Bay

Upward-coarsening successions of burrowed to bioturbated, muddy and sandy, Halimeda gravel: massive appearing owing probably to extensive bioturbation; local mud-filled burrow structures; yellowish to light greenish gray (5Y-GY8/1); poor to fair sorting with muddy (10.0%) and sandy (very fine- to fine-grained) "matrix"; elongate Halimeda flakes 0.5-1.0 cm long; clasts angular to subangular; sand and fine gravel fractions dominantly Halimeda (70.5-83.5%) minor constituents include foraminifera (5.5-11.5%) calcareous algae (3.5-7.0%) and mollusks (2.5-3.5%).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 9V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform succession of bioturbated, muddy, very fine- to fine-grained, Halimeda/carbonate sand: massive appearing (no obvious sedimentary structures) owing probably to extensive bioturbation; yellowish to light olive gray (5Y-8/1-6/1); poor to fair sorting with abundant mud (20 to 40+%) and 5-10% scattered skeletal fragments in the coarse to very coarse sand size; all sand size clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction dominantly Halimeda (29.0-43.5%) and foraminifera (17.5-24.0%), with common calcareous algae (7.0-8.5%) and coral fragments (6.5-7.0%) and minor echinoid fragments (2.5-3.5%) and calcareous sponge spicules (3.0-20.5%); abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (14.5-20.5%); owing to the very fine grain size (many probably coral fragments).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 10V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform succession of bioturbated, muddy, very fine- to fine-grained, Halimeda/foraminifera carbonate sand: massive appearing (no obvious sedimentary structures) owing probably to extensive bioturbation; yellowish to light olive gray (5Y-8/1-6/1) and light greenish gray (5GY8/1); very poor to fair sorting with abundant mud (20 to 25%) and 2-5% scattered skeletal fragments in the coarse to very coarse sand size; sand size clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction dominantly Halimeda (37.0-42.5%) and foraminifera (24.0-27.5%), with only minor calcareous algae (2.0-3.5%), coral fragments (0-1.0%), echinoid fragments (1.5-3.0%) and calcareous sponge spicules (1.0-3.5%); abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (19.0-24.0%); owing to the very fine grain size (most probably coral fragments).

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Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 11V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform succession of bioturbated, muddy, very fine- to fine-grained, Halimeda/foraminifera carbonate sand: massive appearing (no obvious sedimentary structures) owing probably to extensive bioturbation; yellowish to light olive gray (5Y-8/1-6/1) and light greenish gray (5GY8/1); very poor to fair sorting with abundant mud (8 to 15%) and 2-5% scattered skeletal fragments in the coarse to very coarse sand size; sand size clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction dominantly Halimeda (26.5-28.5%) and foraminifera (19.5-20.0%), with common calcareous algae (9.0-9.5%) and minor coral fragments (0-3.0%), echinoid fragments (2.0-3.5%) and calcareous sponge spicules (2.0-5.0%); abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (27.0-28.5%); owing to the very fine grain size (most probably coral fragments).

Click either image for larger views (254 kb)

Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 12V1, Kailua Bay

Uniform to upward coarsening succession of bioturbated, muddy, very fine- to fine-grained, Halimeda/foraminifera carbonate sand: massive appearing (no obvious sedimentary structures) owing probably to extensive bioturbation; yellowish to light olive gray (5Y-8/1-6/1) and light greenish gray (5GY8/1); very poor sorting with abundant mud (12 to 15%) and 2-5% scattered skeletal fragments in the coarse to very coarse sand size; sand size clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction dominantly Halimeda (26.5-29.0%), foraminifera (15.5-16.5%) and calcareous algae (13.5-17.0%) and minor coral fragments (1.5-5.0%), echinoid fragments (1.5-4.5%) and calcareous sponge spicules (2.5-3.5%); abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (24.0-25.5%); owing to the very fine grain size (most probably coral fragments).

Click either image for larger views (251 kb)

Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




Vibracore 13V3, Kailua Bay

Upper 5 cm very fine- to fine-grained carbonate sand.

Subtly upward-fining succession of bioturbated, muddy, very fine- to fine-grained, skeletal carbonate sand: vague lamination to massive appearing in lower portion; extensive bioturbation in upper part; yellowish to olive gray (5Y-8/1-4/1); poor sorting with abundant mud (11 to 20%) and 5-10% scattered Halimeda fragments in the coarse to very coarse sand size; all sand size clasts angular to subangular; sand fraction mix of Halimeda (21.0-24.0%), foraminifera (14.5-16.5%), calcareous algae (11.5-16.0%), coral fragments (10.0-20.0%), minor echinoid fragments (3.0-3.5%) and mollusks (0.5-5.0%); abundant unidentifiable skeletal clasts (16.0-22.5%); owing to the very fine grain size (most probably coral fragments).

Click either image for larger views (158 kb)

Labelled sketch of core showing bedding and other features

High detail photo of core




 
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