Quaternary Faults and Folds of Peru

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Machare, Jose

Originator: Machette, Michael

Publication_Date: 2003

Title: Quaternary Faults and Folds of Peru

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: OFR03-451

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado

Publisher: U. S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

The fault data, map graticule information, and image data used to generate the main map and the two inset maps reside on a Sun Microsystems server, IP address 136.177.33.137 (cd to /deathstar/qfault/sam/pe), at the U.S.G.S. offices in Golden, Colorado, USA. The fault data (ArcInfo line and point coverages) are peflt, petrench, and inboxflt. Graticule coverages are pegrat, pegrattic, pecgrat, pecgrattic, inboxgrat, and inboxgrattic. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a gridcomposite (hsv) consisting of grids pehue, pesat, and valtest7.

Online_Linkage: \\Deathstar\qfault\sam\pe\peflt

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Online_Linkage: <http://cpg.cr.usgs.gov/pub/ofrs>

Description:

Abstract:

This publication consists of a main map of Quaternary faults and fiolds of Perú, a table of Quaternary fault data, a region inset map showing relative plate motion, and a second inset map of an enlarged area of interest in southern Perú. These maps and data compilation show evidence for activity of Quaternary faults and folds in Perú and its offshore regions of the Pacific Ocean. The maps show the locations, ages, and activity rates of major earthquake-related features such as faults and fault-related folds. These data are accompanied by text databases that describe these features and document current information on their activity in the Quaternary.

Purpose:

The Quaternary Faults and Folds Map of Peru was created as part of the International Lithosphere Program’s World Map of Major Active Faults project. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is assisting in the compilation of a series of digital maps of Quaternary faults and folds in Western Hemisphere countries. The project is a key part of the Global Seismic Hazards Assessment Program (ILP Project II-0) for the International Decade for Natural Hazard Disaster Reduction. he project is sponsored by the International Lithosphere Program and funded by the USGS’s National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Prior to initiating this project, a digital map of active or Quaternary faults did not exist for Perú or any other country within South America, even though understanding the extent and character of active and older Quaternary faults are critical elements of seismic hazards analysis. Creation of this map and the accompanying database will help extend the relatively short record of instrumental and felt seismicity in Perú by creating a map showing the major active faults of the region. In many cases, seismicity is used to define some potentially active faults, especially along active plate margins. However, recent faulting events in the Western Hemisphere have shown that much of the faulting away from active plate margins occurs along faults with no significant level of seismicity and that only a fraction of active faults are characterized by ongoing seismicity. Thus, the information on Quaternary faulting included within this database should help extend the modern (past several hundred years) record of seismicity into prehistoric time, and allow better assessments of active and potentially active faults in Perú and other Western Hemisphere countries.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2003

Currentness_Reference: publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.997330

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -68.625282

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 2.000000

South_Bounding_Coordinate: -19.999999

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: fault

Theme_Keyword: Quaternary

Theme_Keyword: map

Theme_Keyword: database

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Peru

Place_Keyword: South America

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

Please acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in any products derived from these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Machette, Michael

Contact_Organization: U. S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-273-8612

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-273-8600

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: machette@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1630 Mountain Time M-F

Contact_Instructions: E-mail is preferred.

Security_Information:

Security_Classification_System: None

Security_Classification: Unclassified

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 4; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Machare, Jose

Originator: Machette, Michael

Publication_Date: 2003

Title: Quaternary Fault and Fold Map of Peru

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: None

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Machare, Jose

Originator: Machette, Michael

Publication_Date: 2003

Title: Quaternary Fault and Fold Map of Peru

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Other_Citation_Details: map scale = 1:3,000,000

Online_Linkage: None

Data_Quality_Information:

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Machare, Jose

Originator: Machette, Michael

Publication_Date: 2003

Title: Quaternary Fault and Fold Map of Peru

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: None

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Machare, Jose

Originator: Machette, Michael

Publication_Date: 2003

Title: Quaternary Fault and Fold Map of Peru

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Online_Linkage: None

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2003

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Although some fault data were available for most of the country, the degree of completeness varies greatly and often is a function of the remoteness and vegetation cover. A few faults have been the subject of detailed investigations involving modern paleoseismic techniques. Other regions and faults have been studied in some detail. One notable example is in the southern part of Perú. One should note that the concentration of faults in this area of southern Peru is probably no different than to the north and northwest, but that these areas have not been studied in comparable detail. For the map of Perú, the authors relied on known experts with strong local or regional knowledge of Perú. The primary author (Jose Macharé) compiled information from a wide variety of sources, but the quality of data and coverage is quite variable across the country. In general, the state of knowledge for faulting in Perú is probably best described as being incomplete and of a reconnaissance nature. With the exception of historic surface faulting events, very little is known about fault chronology and overall rates of fault activity—information that is difficult to acquire but critical to seismic hazard assessments. The data compilation and analysis was performed by José Macharé of Newmont Perú Limited (formerly at the Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima), and by Clark Fenton of URS Corporation (formerly Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Oakland, CA). Michael Machette edited the text and map data and provided guidance for the project under the International Lithosphere Program's Task Group II-2 "Major Active Faults and Folds of the World." Carlos Costa helped adapt Macharé’s information to the Project’s standards and guidelines. Although as many as five categories of Quaternary faults can be depicted on the Western Hemisphere maps, only three categories were used in Perú: Historic (generally <400 years in Perú), Holocene and latest Pleistocene (<15,000 years or <15 ka), and Quaternary (<1,600,000 years or <1.6 Ma). Categories for the late Quaternary (<130 ka) and late and middle Quaternary (<750 ka) were not used owing to the general lack of stratigraphic and chronological control needed to make these time differentiations. Three ranges (categories) of slip rates where used and are depicted by line thickness on the map in order to differentiate known rates of fault activity. On land in Perú, no faults have been shown to have >5 mm/yr slips rates, and only the Cordillera Blanca fault zone [PE-06] and Eastern Boundary fault [PE-04] fall into the 1-5 mm/yr category. However, the offshore Nazca subduction zone [PE-32] must have cumulative slip rate that greatly exceeds 5 mm/yr as suggested by plate-motion vectors. >5 mm/yr. Plate-boundary faults and subduction zones (very high slip rates, none in Perú), 1-5 mm/yr. Lesser strike-slip and major extensional faults (medium to high slip rates), and <1 mm/yr. Most extensional and intraplate faults (medium to very low (<0.2 mm/yr) slip rates). Actual slip-rate determinations or estimates are sparse in Perú owing to a general lack of paleoseismic data, thus most of the faults have "unknown slip rates." The fault and fold data will be released in several forms. This open-file report for Perú constitutes a traditional hard-copy catalog (database and map) in pdf format. The Perú data will eventually be part of a larger relational computer database for Latin America that should be available on the World Wide Web (WWW).

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Machette, Michael

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: P.O. Box 25046, MS 966, Denver Federal Center

City: Lakewood

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80402-0046

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-273-8612

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-273-8600

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: machette@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1630 Mountain Time M-F

Contact_Instructions: E-mail is preferred.

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 110

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 489

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 391

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 51

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: Mercator

Mercator:

Standard_Parallel: 0.000000

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -76.000000

False_Easting: 0.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.004096

Ordinate_Resolution: 0.004096

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_Clarke_1866

Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866

Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: peflt.pat

Entity_Type_Definition: Data file peflt.pat is the label file for fault type symbol.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: AREA

Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Area is always zero for point coverages. Values are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PERIMETER

Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Perimeter is always zero for point coverages. Values are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PEFLT#

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PEFLT-ID

Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CODE

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: peflt.aat

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FNODE#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the beginning of an arc (from-node).

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TNODE#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the end of an arc (to-node).

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LPOLY#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the left polygon.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RPOLY#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the right polygon.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LENGTH

Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PEFLT#

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PEFLT-ID

Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NAME

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CODE

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NUM

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SLIP

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: peflt.tatdate

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DATE#

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DATE-ID

Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: peflt.tatfltid

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FLTID#

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FLTID-ID

Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Each fault arc is attributed. Fault arc attributes are name, num, code, and slip. Name is the documented name of the fault. Num is a unique number identifier assigned to the fault. Code is a three integer number assigned to the fault the describes the fault as to surface expression, age of most recent movement, and slip rate in mm. per year. Slip is a four character identifier that describes the fault type.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Each fault (arc) or part of a fault has a three integer code attribute. Code defines the mapped surface expression of the fault, time of most recent movement, and rate of slip. The first integer identifies fault surface expression as 1 (exposed/solid), 2 (concealed/dashed), or 3 (inferred/dotted). The second integer identifies the age of most recent movement as 1 (historic/<150 years), 2 (Holocene/<10,000 years or post glacial,15,000 years), 3 (late Quaternary/<130,000 years), 4 (middle and late Quaternary/<750,000 years), 5 (Quaternary/<1,600,000), or 6 (Tertiary faults or fault of unknown age or structures of questionable origin). In the text documentation, Quaternary faults (second code integer, values 1-5) are Class A structures. Questionable or suspected structures and Tertiary age faults (second code integer, value 6) are Class B and Class C structures, respectively. Landslides etc. are Class D structures are not coded and do not appear in the overall database. Only Class A structures are plotted on the map. The third integer identifies fault slip rate as 1 (>5 mm/year), 2 (1-5 mm/year), 3 (0.2-1 mm/year), or 4 (<0.2 mm/year).

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address:

Central Publications Group, MS 902, U.S. Geological Suevey, P.O. Box 25046

City: Lakewood

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80225-0046

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-7431

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Distribution_Liability:

Although this digital spatial data has been subjected to rigorous review, it is released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form: The map is available as one printed map sheet.

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Transfer_Size: 0.177

Fees: Not known

Ordering_Instructions: Not known

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20031124

Metadata_Review_Date: 20031120

Metadata_Future_Review_Date: None planned

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dart, Richard, L.

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: P.O. Box 25046, MS 966, Denver Federal Center

City: Lakewood

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80225-0046

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-273-8637

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-273-8600

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dart@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1630 Mountain Time M-F

Contact_Instructions: E-mail is preferred.

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints: None

Metadata_Security_Information:

Metadata_Security_Classification_System: Unclassified

Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>

Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile