John F. Slack
Karen D. Kelley
Jeffrey L. Clark
2004
Whole rock geochemical data for altered and mineralized rocks,
Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag district, western Brooks Range, Alaska
table
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2004-1372
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1372/
This report presents geochemical analyses for 220 mostly altered and
mineralized rock samples from the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag district in the
western Brooks Range of northern Alaska. These data form the basis
for a study by Slack et al. (2004a) on hydrothermal silicification
and related alteration in wall rocks of the Red Dog deposits and the
Anarraaq deposit 10 km to the northwest. The sulfide deposits occur
within the Ikalukrok unit (informal name) of the Mississippian Kuna
Formation (Moore and others, 1986). Principal rock types that were
analyzed include black and gray shale, unmineralized bedded barite,
mineralized (sulfide-rich) bedded barite, sulfide-rich silica rock
(replaced barite), massive and semimassive sulfide, vein chalcedony,
and Brookian (Cretaceous) vein quartz. For stratigraphic
completeness, data are also reported here for a limited number of
unaltered and unmineralized samples of black and gray shale,
laminated carbonate-rich shale, lithic turbidite, bedded siliceous
rock, calcareous radiolarite, and tectonic mélange. Detailed
descriptions of the sampled sulfide deposits and their stratigraphic
settings are given in Slack and others (2004a) and Kelley and
others (2004a, b). The geochemical analyses are presented here in
Microsoft Excel and .dbf spreadsheet formats in order to facilitate
calculations and plotting of data. A related geochemical database on
unaltered Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the western Brooks Range is
available in Slack and others (2004b).
These data form the basis for a study by Slack et al. (2004a) on
hydrothermal silicification and related alteration in wall rocks of
the Red Dog deposits and the Anarraaq deposit 10 km to the
northwest.
Data for elements, oxides, and other components are presented either
in weight percent or parts per million, except for Au that are in
parts per billion. Qualified values (shown by the '<' symbol)
represent values less than the specified minimum detection limit
(MDL). In some cases, the MDL for a particular element or
component is not uniform, which reflects changing analytical
conditions or matrix effects, or use of newer ICP-MS instruments
that have higher precision and lower MDLs. For statistical
treatment of data and other calculations, it is recommended that
qualified values be substituted by one-half the analytical
detection limit (Sanford and others, 1993). Note that the
abbreviation "n.a." refers to a lack of analysis for the specified
element or component.
Values for the magnitude of the Ce and Eu anomalies are also
presented. The magnitude of the Ce anomaly, Ce/Ce*, is calculated as:
Ce[CN]/((La[CN])**0.667 * (Nd[CN])**0.333)
where Ce[CN], La[CN], and Nd[CN] represent normalization of
Ce, La, and Nd respectively to average chondrites using the
data of Nakamura (1974). The magnitude of the Eu anomaly,
Eu/Eu*, is calculated as:
Eu[CN]/(Sm[CN]*Gd[CN])**0.5
with chondrite normalization of Eu, Sm, and Gd represented
respectively as Eu[CN], Sm[CN], and Gd[CN].
In these formulae, two asterisks (**) are used to represent
exponentiation; one alone indicates multiplication.
2004
publication date
None planned
-163.272222
-162.500000
68.170621
68.065714
Gateway to the Earth version 1.0
geochemistry
rocks and deposits
mass spectroscopy
neutron activation analysis
atomic absorption analysis
chemical analysis
Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4, version 1.0
02188 = Northwest Arctic
none
Kuna Formation
Lower Siksikpuk Formation
Noatak Sandstone
none
none
John F Slack
USGS ER GD
mailing address
Mail Stop 954 USGS National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston
VA
20192-0002
USA
703-648-6337
703-648-6383
jfslack@usgs.gov
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1372/reddog.png
Index map showing general location of the study area, 790x570 pixels, 53k bytes
PNG
Microsoft Excel
John F. Slack
J.M. Schmidt
J.A. Dumoulin
2004
Whole rock geochemical data for Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the western Brooks Range, Alaska
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2004-1371
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1371/
Precision and accuracy for concentrations 100x the minimum detection
limit (MDL) was generally better than ±5 % relative, and in many
cases such as for major elements was better than ±1 % relative.
For concentrations approximately 10x the MDL, precision and accuracy
were about ±10-20 % relative depending on the method used.
Multiple standards were analyzed together with the submitted rock
samples. Analyses by ACT Labs included data on 8 to 10
compositionally different standards with well-defined elemental
concentrations. In addition to these standards, analyses were
routinely obtained on duplicate samples and Ohio black shale SDO-1
(http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/geochem/ohioshale.html).
Data are available for most elements in most samples. The
code "n.a." is used to indicate an unavailable analysis;
it occurs in only nine fields:
>Database
>Field Chemical
>Label # missing Species
>--------------------------------
> F 42 (F)
> S 5 (S)
> SO4 4 (sulfate)
> EU 12 (Eu)
> CE_CE 5 (Ce/Ce*)
> EU_EU 12 (Eu/Eu*)
> CD 151 (Cd)
> AU 43 (Au)
> SE 16 (Se)
Geochemical analyses were obtained mostly on samples of diamond
drill core 3.5 or 4.5 cm in diameter. Several analyzed samples
come from mine faces within the Red Dog open pit (Main deposit) or
from outcrops in the region. Samples were cut using water-cooled
diamond saws in order to remove oxidized or weathered surfaces.
Particular care was taken to cut out visible veins from altered
wall rocks so that each analysis would represent a single rock
type. Note, however, that disseminated and laminated sulfides
(e.g., pyrite laminae in black shale) were retained in the samples
prior to analysis. All samples were pulverized in an alumina
ceramic mortar, which in some cases may have produced very minor
contamination by trace amounts of Al, Ba, or rare earth elements
(REE).
Prior to analysis all samples were fused with lithium metaborate/
tetraborate to insure nearly complete acid digestion of resistate
minerals such as zircon, monazite, rutile, chromite, and barite.
All samples were analyzed by Activation Laboratories (ACT Labs) in
Ancaster, Ontario, using methods described on their web site:
<http://www.actlabs.com/>. Major elements, most trace elements,
and REE were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICP-MS), using an approach similar to that of Jenner
and others (1990). REE in some barite samples were analyzed by
high-resolution, magnetic sector ICP-MS using an ion exchange
technique in order to eliminate Ba interference on Eu. Volatiles
and related components (total C, CO2, Corg, S, SO4) were
determined using conventional methods as described in Jackson and
others (1987). Fluorine was analyzed by the ion selective
electrode technique (Jackson and others, 1987). Data for Sc, Cr,
Co, Au, Sb, As, and Se in most samples were obtained by
instrumental neutron activation analysis (Hoffman, 1992), which
provides more precise results than by ICP-MS. Au concentrations in
most samples of semimassive and massive sulfide were also obtained
by flame atomic absorption (Aruscavage and Crock, 1987) by XRAL
Laboratories of Denver, CO, using on splits of the same rock
powders that were earlier run for major and trace elements, and
REE.
Multiple standards were analyzed together with the submitted rock
samples. Analyses by ACT Labs included data on 8 to 10
compositionally different standards with well-defined elemental
concentrations. In addition to these standards, analyses were
routinely obtained on duplicate samples and Ohio black shale SDO-1
(http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/geochem/ohioshale.html). Precision
and accuracy for concentrations 100x the minimum detection limit
(MDL) was generally better than ±5 % relative, and in many cases
such as for major elements was better than ±1 % relative. For
concentrations approximately 10x the MDL, precision and accuracy
were about ±10-20 % relative depending on the method used.
2004
Point
Entity point
220
decimal degrees
North American Datum of 1927
Clarke 1866
6378206.4
294.98
reddog.dbf
Samples for which geochemical analyses have been conducted
SAMPLE_NO
Sample number
Textual identifier without further scientific significance
SAMPLE_DES
Description of the sample
Plain descriptive text
SAMPLE_TYP
Type of sampled material
Drill core
Open pit face
Outcrop
LOCATION
Description of sampled location
Anarraaq zinc-lead deposit
Aqqaluk zinc-lead deposit
Gull Creek barite deposit
Husky Hills (E of Red Dog)
Main zinc-lead deposit
Paalaaq zinc-lead deposit
Red Dog Creek
Su barite deposit
Suds zinc-lead deposit
LATITUDE
Latitude in decimal degrees
68.06571386760
68.17062130410
LONGITUDE
Longitude in decimal degrees
-163.2722220000
-162.5000000000
STRATIGRAP
Stratigraphic unit sampled
Ikalukrok unit of Kuna Formation
Kivalina unit of Kuna Formation
Lower Siksikpuk Formation
Melange unit of Kuna Formation
Noatak Sandstone
SIO2
Silica as SiO2 in percent by weight
0.050
98.840
TIO2
Titanium Oxide in percent by weight
0.001
1.404
AL2O3
Aluminum oxide in percent by weight
0.0050
20.7400
FE2O3
Iron oxide in percent by weight (total iron reported as Fe2O3)
0.03
55.64
percent by weight
MNO
Manganese oxide in percent by weight
0.001
8.705
percent by weight
MGO
Magnesium oxide in percent by weight
0.01
12.96
percent by weight
CAO
Calcium oxide in percent by weight
0.01
43.78
percent by weight
NA2O
Sodium oxide in percent by weight
0.01
0.94
percent by weight
K2O
Potassium oxide in percent by weight
0.01
3.64
percent by weight
P2O5
Phosphate as P2O5 in percent by weight
0.01
6.11
percent by weight
LOI
Loss on ignition in percent by weight
0.7
36.84
percent by weight
TOTAL
Total of major element analysis, including LOI
1.15
101
percent by weight
F
Fluorine (F) in percent by weight
0.01
0.789
percent by weight
n.a.
TOTAL_C
Total carbon in percent by weight
0.01
11.8
percent by weight
<0.01
CO2
Carbon dioxide in percent by weight
0.4
37
percent by weight
CORG
Organic carbon in percent by weight
0.1
11.47
percent by weight
S
Sulfur (S) in percent by weight
0.1
39.3
percent by weight
n.a.
SO4
Sulfate (SO4) in percent by weight
0.1
43.2
percent by weight
n.a.
RB
Rubidium (Rb) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
188
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CS
Cesium (Cs) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
43.1
ppm (parts per million by weight)
SR
Strontium (Sr) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
4
3702
1
BA
Barium (Ba) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
42
581200
1
Y
Yttrium (Y) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.5
635.7
ppm (parts per million by weight)
LA
Lanthanum (La) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.2
170
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CE
Cerium (Ce) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.3
180.85
ppm (parts per million by weight)
PR
Praseodymium (Pr) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
33.43
ppm (parts per million by weight)
ND
Neodymium (Nd) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.03
165.23
ppm (parts per million by weight)
SM
Samarium (Sm) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
58.56
ppm (parts per million by weight)
EU
Europium (Eu) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.003
146.006
ppm (parts per million by weight)
n.a.
GD
Gadolinium (Gd) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
91.78
ppm (parts per million by weight)
TB
Terbium (Tb) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
13.76
ppm (parts per million by weight)
DY
Dysprosium (Dy) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
92.72
ppm (parts per million by weight)
HO
Holmium (Ho) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
18.94
ppm (parts per million by weight)
ER
Erbium (Er) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
55.79
ppm (parts per million by weight)
TM
Thulium (Tm) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
6.045
ppm (parts per million by weight)
YB
Ytterbium (Yb) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
38.61
ppm (parts per million by weight)
LU
Lutetium (Lu) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.001
5.243
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CE_CE
Cerium anomaly (dimensionless).
The magnitude of the Ce anomaly, Ce/Ce*, is calculated as:
Ce[CN]/((La[CN])**0.667 * (Nd[CN])**0.333)
where Ce[CN], La[CN], and Nd[CN] represent normalization of
Ce, La, and Nd respectively to average chondrites using the
data of Nakamura (1974).
Here two asterisks (**) are used to represent
exponentiation; one alone indicates multiplication.
0.43
1.1526
(ratio, no units)
n.a.
EU_EU
Europium anomaly (dimensionless).
The magnitude of the Eu anomaly, Eu/Eu*, is calculated as:
Eu[CN]/(Sm[CN]*Gd[CN])**0.5
with chondrite normalization of Eu, Sm, and Gd represented
respectively as Eu[CN], Sm[CN], and Gd[CN].
Here two asterisks (**) are used to represent
exponentiation; one alone indicates multiplication.
0.482
19.9335
(ratio, no units)
n.a.
ZR
Zirconium (Zr) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
264
ppm (parts per million by weight)
HF
Hafnium (Hf) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
5.3
ppm (parts per million by weight)
NB
Niobium (Nb) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
76.6
ppm (parts per million by weight)
TA
Tantalum (Ta) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.01
5.8
ppm (parts per million by weight)
TH
Thorium (Th) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
14.5
ppm (parts per million by weight)
U
Uranium (U) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.2
156
ppm (parts per million by weight)
V
Vanadium (V) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
5
880
ppm (parts per million by weight)
SC
Scandium (Sc) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
36
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CR
Chromium (Cr) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
9
1080
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CO
Cobalt (Co) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
145
ppm (parts per million by weight)
NI
Nickel (Ni) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
692
ppm (parts per million by weight)
MO
Molybdenum (Mo) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.5
209
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CU
Copper (Cu) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
9
484
ppm (parts per million by weight)
ZN
Zinc (Zn) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
29
464500
ppm (parts per million by weight)
CD
Cadmium (Cd) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.3
1050
ppm (parts per million by weight)
n.a.
PB
Lead (Pb) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
5
163200
ppm (parts per million by weight)
AG
Silver (Ag) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.2
200
ppm (parts per million by weight)
AU
Gold (Au) in ppb (parts per billion by weight)
3
138
ppb (parts per billion by weight)
n.a.
GA
Gallium (Ga) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
36
ppm (parts per million by weight)
GE
Germanium (Ge) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.5
822.7
ppm (parts per million by weight)
TL
Thallium (Tl) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
313
ppm (parts per million by weight)
SB
Antimony (Sb) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
919
ppm (parts per million by weight)
AS
Arsenic (As) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.3
672
ppm (parts per million by weight)
BI
Bismuth (Bi) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.1
4.3
ppm (parts per million by weight)
SE
Selenium (Se) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
3
135
ppm (parts per million by weight)
n.a.
SN
Tin (Sn) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
36
ppm (parts per million by weight)
W
Tungsten (W) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
0.3
10.9
ppm (parts per million by weight)
BE
Beryllium (Be) in ppm (parts per million by weight)
1
7
ppm (parts per million by weight)
USGS Information Services
mailing address
Box 25286 Denver Federal Center
Denver
CO
80225
USA
1-888-ASK-USGS
303-202-4693
ask@usgs.gov
USGS Open-File Report 2004-1372
Although all data published in these grids have been used by the USGS,
no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the
accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution
shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is
assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Shapefile
1.0
Sample point locations and geochemical analyses
unzip
34 kilobytes
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1372/gisdata.zip
Microsoft Excel
97
Sample point locations and geochemical analyses
none
185 kilobytes
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1372/reddog.xls
none
20041021
Peter N. Schweitzer
mailing address
Mail Stop 954 National Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston
VA
20192
USA
(703) 648-6533
(703) 648-6560
pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998