Sonoran Desert Research Center

In cooperation with the University of Arizona School of Natural Resources and the Arizona Game and Fish Department

U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 2005-1141
version 1.0

Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography: Water Requirements of Desert Ungulates

By James W. Cain III, Paul R. Krausman, Steven S. Rosenstock, and Jack C. Turners

2005

photo of desert scene with cactus in foreground
Sierra Pinta Mountains, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge. Photograph by James W. Cain III

Executive Summary

Ungulates adapted to desert areas are able to survive extreme temperatures and limited water availability. This ability is largely due to behavioral, morphological, and physiological adaptations that allow these animals to avoid or tolerate extreme environmental conditions. The physiological adaptations possessed by ungulates for thermoregulation and maintenance of water balance have been the subject of numerous studies involving a wide range of species. In this report we review the behavioral, morphological, and physiological mechanisms used by ungulates and other desert mammals to maintain water and temperature balance in arid environments. We also review some of the more commonly used methods for studying the physiological mechanisms involved in water balance and thermoregulation, and the influence of dehydration on these mechanisms.


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