index number hierarchy_level term_type rock or sediment term definition and reference term_count 1.... 1 water Water body "Rivers, lakes and other bodies of water." 1 2.... 1 rock Igneous-plutonic "Rocks that formed from magma that solidified beneath the Earth's surface. For classification purposes, igneous rocks that are phaneritic, generally having grain size greater than 1 mm." 2.1... 2 rock Plutonic QAPF rocks "Plutonic rocks that have color index (M) less than 90 percent. They can be classified according to the modal proportion of quartz (Q), alkali feldspar (A), plagioclase (P), and feldspathoids (F) (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 15 2.1.1.. 3 unit Dioritoid-granitoid (calc-alkaline) plutonic suite "A collective term for a suite of plutonic rocks that vary between the QAPF ""field"" classification for dioritoid and granitoid. Chemically, this suite of rocks contains CaO equal to K2O+Na2O at 61 percent SiO2. Contain P>A." 12 2.1.2.. 3 unit Monzonitoid-granitoid (alkali-calcic) plutonic suite "A collective term for a suite of plutonic rocks that vary between QAPF field 9 (monzonite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for granitoid. Chemically, this suite of rocks contains CaO equal to K2O+Na2O at 51 to 56 percent SiO2. Contain P subequal A." 1 2.1.3.. 3 unit Monzonitoid-syenitoid (alkaline) plutonic suite "A collective term for a suite of plutonic rocks that vary between QAPF field 9 (monzonite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for syenitoid. Chemically, this suite of rocks contain more sodium and/or potassium than is required to form feldspar with the available silica." 2.1.4.. 3 rock Quartz-rich-coarse-grained crystalline rock "A collective term for plutonic rocks having a quartz content greater than 60 percent; includes quartzolite and quartz-rich granite (fig. B-1; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.4.1. 4 rock Quartzolite (silexite) "A collective term for plutonic rocks in which the quartz content is more than 90 percent of the felsic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 1a (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q greater than or equal to 90." 2.1.4.2. 4 rock Quartz-rich granitoid "A collective term for granitic rocks having a quartz content greater than 60 percent of the felsic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 1b (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.5.. 3 rock Granitoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-1; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for plutonic rocks tentatively identified as granite, granodiorite or tonalite." 65 2.1.5.1. 4 rock Alkali-feldspar granite "A special term for a variety of granite in which plagioclase is less than 10 percent of the total feldspar. Defined modally in QAPF field 2 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 20 and 60, and P/(A+P) less than 10." 2.1.5.2. 4 rock Granite "A plutonic rock consisting essentially of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase in variable amounts usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Defined modally in QAPF field 3 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 20 and 60 percent and P/(A+P) between 10 and 65 percent." 39 2.1.5.2.1 5 rock Syenogranite "An optional term for a variety of granite in QAPF field 3a (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002) consisting of alkali feldspar with subordinate plagioclase." 2.1.5.2.2 5 rock Monzogranite "An optional term for a variety of granite in QAPF field 3b (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002) having roughly equal amounts of alkali feldspar and plagioclase." 26 2.1.5.3. 4 rock Granodiorite "A plutonic rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of hornblende and biotite. Name first used by Becker on maps of the Gold Belt of the Sierra Nevada. Defined modally in QAPF field 4 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002).These rocks have Q between 20 and 60 percent and P/(A+P) between 65 and 90 percent." 107 2.1.5.4. 4 rock Tonalite "A plutonic rock consisting essentially of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Defined modally in QAPF field 5 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 20 and 60 percent and P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent." 21 2.1.6.. 3 rock Syenitoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-1; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for plutonic rocks tentatively identified as syenite or monzonite. These rocks have Q less than 20 percent or F less than 10 percent, and P/(A+P) less than 65 percent." 7 2.1.6.1. 4 rock Quartz-alkali-feldspar syenite "A felsic plutonic rock composed mainly of alkali feldspar, quartz and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 6* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.6.2. 4 rock Alkali-feldspar syenite "A special term for a variety of syenite in which plagioclase is less than 10 percent of the total feldspar. Defined modally in QAPF field 6 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 0 and 5 percent, and P/(A+P) less than 10 percent." 2.1.6.3. 4 rock Foid-bearing-alkali-feldspar syenite "A collective term for alkali feldspar syenites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 6' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.6.4. 4 rock Quartz syenite "A plutonic rock consisting essentially of alkali feldspar, quartz and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 7* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 5 and 20 percent and P/(A+P) between 10 and 35 percent." 3 2.1.6.5. 4 rock Syenite "A plutonic rock consisting mainly of alkali feldspar with subordinate sodic plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene, amphibole and occasional fayalite. Minor quartz or nepheline may also be present. Defined modally in QAPF field 7 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q less than 5 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and P/(A+P) between 10 and 35 percent." 6 2.1.6.6. 4 rock Foid-bearing syenite "A collective term for syenites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 7' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.6.7. 4 rock Quartz monzonite "A plutonic rock consisting of approximately equal amounts of alkali feldspar and plagioclase and with essential quartz but not enough to make the rock a granite. Defined modally in QAPF field 8* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 5 and 20 percent and P/(A+P) between 35 and 65 percent." 10 2.1.6.8. 4 rock Monzonite "A term commonly used for a plutonic rock containing almost equal amounts of plagioclase and alkali feldspar with minor amphibole and/or pyroxene. Defined modally in QAPF field 8 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q less than 5 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and P/(A+P) between 35 and 65 percent." 4 2.1.6.9. 4 rock Foid-bearing monzonite "A collective term for monzonites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 8' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.. 3 rock Dioritoid/gabbroid/anorthosite "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (Streckeisen, 1973; figure 5a) for plutonic rocks tentatively identified as diorite, gabbro, or anorthosite. These rocks have Q less than 20 percent or F less than 10 percent, and P/(A+P) greater than 65 percent (fig. B-1; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 17 2.1.7.1. 4 rock Quartz monzodiorite "A plutonic rock consisting of essentially of sodic plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 9* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 5 and 20 percent and P/(A+P) between 65 and 90 percent, and plagioclase more sodic than An50." 4 2.1.7.2. 4 rock Quartz monzogabbro "A plutonic rock consisting of essentially of calcic plagioclase, alkali feldspar, mafic minerals and quartz. Defined modally in QAPF field 9* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.3. 4 rock Monzodiorite "A plutonic rock intermediate between monzonite and diorite. Defined modally in QAPF field 9 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q less than 5 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and P/(A+P) between 65 and 90 percent, and plagioclase more sodic than An50." 2.1.7.4. 4 rock Monzogabbro "A plutonic rock of gabbroic aspect that contains minor but essential orthoclase as well as calcic plagioclase. Defined modally in QAPF field 9 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 1 2.1.7.5. 4 rock Foid-bearing monzodiorite "A collective term for monzodiorites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 9' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.6. 4 rock Foid-bearing monzogabbro "A collective term for monzogabbros containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 9' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.7. 4 rock Foid-bearing diorite "A collective term for diorites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 10' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.8. 4 rock Foid-bearing gabbro "A collective term for gabbros containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 10' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.9. 4 rock Foid-bearing anorthosite "A collective term for anorthosites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field10' (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.10. 4 rock Quartz diorite "Plutonic rocks consisting essentially of plagioclase, quartz and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 10* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 5 and 20 percent, P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent, and plagioclase more sodic than An50." 11 2.1.7.11. 4 rock Quartz gabbro "A plutonic rock composed mainly of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene and quartz. Defined modally in QAPF field 10* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.12. 4 rock Quartz anorthosite "A leucocratic plutonic rock consisting essentially of calcic plagioclase, quartz and small amounts of pyroxene. Defined modally in QAPF field 10* (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.7.13. 4 rock Diorite "A plutonic rock consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Defined modally in QAPF field 10 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 0 and 5 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent and plagioclase more sodic than An50." 13 2.1.7.14. 4 rock Gabbro "A plutonic rock composed essentially of calcic plagioclase, pyroxene and iron oxides. Defined modally in QAPF field 10 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q between 0 and 5 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent and plagioclase more calcic than An50." 20 2.1.7.14.1 5 rock Gabbro (s.s.) "A special name for rock defined modally in QAPF field 10 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002) that consists of plagioclase and clinopyroxene." 2.1.7.14.2 5 rock Gabbronorite "A collective name for a plutonic rock consisting of calcic plagioclase and roughly equal amounts of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002). In these rocks, pl/(pl+px+ol) and pl/(pl+px+hbl) are between 10 and 90 percent, and ol/(pl+px+ol) and hbl/(pl+px+hbl) are less than 5 percent." 2.1.7.14.3 5 rock Norite "A plutonic rock composed essentially of bytownite, labradorite or andesine and orthopyroxene. Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002). In these rocks, pl/(pl+px+ol) is between 10 and 90 percent and opx/(opx+cpx) is greater than 95 percent." 2.1.7.14.4 5 rock Olivine gabbro "A commonly used name for a gabbro containing essential olivine. Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a variety of gabbro in which olivine is between 5 percent and 85 percent." 2.1.7.14.5 5 rock Olivine gabbronorite "A collective term for plutonic rocks consisting of 10 to 90 percent calcic plagioclase and accompanied by olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in various amounts. Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a variety of gabbronorite in which olivine is between 5 percent and 85 percent." 2.1.7.14.6 5 rock Olivine norite "A plutonic rock defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a variety of norite in which olivine is between 5 percent and 85 percent." 2.1.7.14.7 5 rock Troctolite "A variety of gabbro composed essentially of highly calcic plagioclase and olivine with little or now pyroxene. Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002). In these rocks, pl/(pl+px+ol) is between 10 and 90 percent and px/(pl+px+ol) is less than 5 percent." 2.1.7.14.8 5 rock Pyroxene-hornblende gabbro "Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a variety of gabbro in which hornblende is between 5 percent and 85 percent." 2.1.7.14.9 5 rock Pyroxene-hornblende gabbronorite "Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a variety of gabbronorite in which hornblende is between 5 percent and 85 percent." 2.1.7.14.10 5 rock Pyroxene-hornblende norite "Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a variety of norite in which hornblende is between 5 percent and 85 percent." 2.1.7.14.11 5 rock Hornblende gabbro "A variety of gabbro in which primarily hornblende occurs. Defined modally in the gabbroic rock classification (fig. B-3; Le Maitre and others, 2002). In these rocks, pl/(pl+hbl+px) is between 10 and 90 percent, and px/(pl+hbl+px) is less than 5 percent." 1 2.1.7.15. 4 rock Anorthosite "A leucocratic plutonic rock consisting essentially of plagioclase often with small amounts of pyroxene. Defined modally in QAPF field 10 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 9 2.1.8.. 3 rock Foid syenitoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.10, p. 29) for plutonic rocks thought to contain essential foids and in which alkali feldspar is thought to be more abundant than plagioclase (fig. B-1; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2 2.1.8.1. 4 rock Foid syenite "A collective term for leucocratic alkaline plutonic rocks consisting of feldspathoids, alkali feldspar and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 11 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have F between 10 and 60 percent, and P/(A+P) less than 10 percent." 2.1.8.2. 4 rock Foid monzosyenite "A collective term for rare alkaline plutonic rocks consisting of feldspathoids, alkali feldspar, plagioclase and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 12 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have F between 10 and 60 percent, and P/(A+P) between 10 and 50 percent." 2.1.9.. 3 rock Foid dioritoid and foid gabbroid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-1; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for plutonic rocks thought to contain essential foids and in which plagioclase is thought to be more abundant than alkali feldspar." 2.1.9.1. 4 rock Foid monzodiorite "A collective term for alkaline plutonic rocks consisting of feldspathoids, intermediate plagioclase with subordinate alkali feldspar and large amounts of mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 13 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have F between 10 and 60 percent, P/(A+P) between 50 and 90 percent, and plagioclase more sodic than An50." 2.1.9.2. 4 rock Foid monzogabbro "A collective term for basic alkaline plutonic rocks consisting of feldspathoids (10 to 60 percent of the felsic minerals), calcic plagioclase with subordinate alkali feldspar and large amounts of mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 13 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.9.3. 4 rock Foid diorite "A collective term for alkaline plutonic rocks consisting of feldspathoids, intermediate plagioclase and large amounts of mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 14 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have F between 10 and 60 percent, P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent, and plagioclase more sodic than An50." 2.1.9.4. 4 rock Foid gabbro "A collective term for basic alkaline plutonic rocks consisting of feldspathoids (10 to 60 percent of the felsic minerals), calcic plagioclase and large amounts of mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 14 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.1.10.. 3 rock Foidolite "A general term for plutonic rocks defined in QAPF field 15 (fig. B-2; Le Maitre and others, 2002), i.e. rocks containing more than 60 percent foids in total light colored constituents. If possible the most abundant foid should be used in the name, e.g. nephelinolite, leucitolite etc." 2.2... 2 rock Ultramafic rock "An igneous rock consisting essentially of mafic minerals. Defined as a rock with M greater than 90 percent (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3 2.2.1.. 3 rock Peridotite "A collective term for ultramafic rocks consisting essentially of olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 40 percent." 2 2.2.1.1. 4 rock Dunite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of olivine. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 90 percent." 2.2.1.2. 4 rock Pyroxene peridotite "A term for ultramafic plutonic rocks composed mainly of olivine with up to 50 percent pyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) between 40 and 90 percent, and hbl/(ol+hbl+px) less than 5 percent." 2 2.2.1.3. 4 rock Harzburgite "An ultramafic plutonic rock composed essentially of olivine and orthopyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) between 40 and 90 percent, and cpx/ol+opx+cpx) less than 5 percent." 2.2.1.4. 4 rock Lherzolite "An ultramafic plutonic rock composed essentially of olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene. These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) between 40 and 90 percent (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.2.1.5. 4 rock Wehrlite "An ultramafic plutonic rock composed of olivine and clinopyroxene often with minor brown hornblende. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.2.1.6. 4 rock Pyroxene-hornblende peridotite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting of 40 to 90 percent olivine and various amounts of pyroxene and amphibole. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.2.1.7. 4 rock Hornblende peridotite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of olivine with up to 50 percent amphibole. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) between 40 and 90 percent, and px/(ol+hbl+px) less than 5 percent." 2.2.2.. 3 rock Pyroxenite "A collective term for ultramafic plutonic rocks composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) less than 40 percent." 2 2.2.2.1. 4 rock Olivine pyroxenite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of pyroxene and up to 50 percent olivine. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) between 5 and 40 percent, hbl/(ol+hbl+px) less than 5 percent, and px/(ol+hbl+px) less than 90 percent." 2.2.2.2. 4 rock Olivine orthopyroxenite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of orthopyroxene and up to 50 percent olivine. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) between 5 and 40 percent, cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) less than 5 percent and opx/(ol+opx+cpx) less than 90 percent." 2.2.2.3. 4 rock Olivine websterite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting of 10 to 40 percent olivine with various amounts of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) between 5 and 40 percent, opx/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 5 percent, and cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 5 percent." 2.2.2.4. 4 rock Olivine clinopyroxenite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of clinopyroxene and up to 50 percent olivine. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) between 5 and 40 percent, opx/(ol+opx+cpx) less than 5 percent, and cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) less than 90 percent." 2.2.2.5. 4 rock Pyroxenite (s.s.) "A special name for and ultramafic plutonic rock (M equal to or greater than 90 percent) in which pyroxene makes up more than 90 percent of the rock (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.2.2.6. 4 rock Orthopyroxenite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting almost entirely of orthopyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, and opx/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 90 percent." 2 2.2.2.7. 4 rock Websterite "A variety of pyroxenite consisting of equal amounts of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.2.2.8. 4 rock Clinopyroxenite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting almost entirely of clinopyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, and cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 90 percent." 2.2.2.9. 4 rock Olivine-hornblende pyroxenite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting of more than 30 percent pyroxene accompanied by amphibole and olivine in various amounts. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 2.2.2.10. 4 rock Hornblende pyroxenite "A collective term for pyroxenites containing up to 50 percent of amphibole. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) less than 5 percent, and px/(px+hbl) between 50 and 90 percent." 2.2.3.. 3 rock Hornblendite "A collective term for ultramafic plutonic rock with a large proportion of hornblende. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90; ol/(hbl+px+ol) less than 40 percent; and hbl:px greater than 1." 2.2.3.1. 4 rock Olivine hornblendite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting essentially of amphibole and up to 50 percent olivine. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) between 5 and 40, px/(ol+hbl+px) less than 5 percent, and hbl/(ol+hbl+px) less than 90 percent." 2.2.3.2. 4 rock Olivine-pyroxene hornblendite "An ultramafic plutonic rock consisting of more than 30 percent amphibole accompanied by pyroxene and olivine in various amounts. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) between 5 and 40 percent, and amphibole more abundant than pyroxene." 2.2.3.3. 4 rock Pyroxene hornblendite "A term for ultramafic plutonic rocks composed mainly of amphibole with up to 50 percent pyroxene. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent, ol/(ol+hbl+px) less than 5 percent, and hbl/(px+hbl) between 50 and 90 percent." 2.2.3.4. 4 rock Hornblendite (s.s.) "An ultramafic plutonic rock composed almost entirely of hornblende. Defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification (fig. B-4; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have M equal to or greater than 90 percent and hbl/(hbl+px+ol) greater than 90 percent." 3.... 1 rock Igneous-volcanic "Rocks that formed from magma that solidified on or near the Earth's surface. For classification purposes, igneous rocks that are aphanitic, generally having grain size less than 1 mm." 3.1... 2 rock Volcanic QAPF rocks "Volcanic rocks that have color index (M) less than 90 percent. In some instances, they can be classified according to the modal proportion of quartz (Q), alkali feldspar (A), plagioclase (P), and feldspathoids (F). These rocks can also be classified on the basis of their chemical composition (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 36 3.1.1.. 3 unit Andesitoid-rhyolitoid (calc-alkalic) volcanic suite "A collective term for a suite of volcanic rocks that vary between the QAPF ""field"" classification for basaltoid/andesitoid and rhyolitoid. Chemically, this suite of rocks contains CaO equal to K2O+Na2O at 61 percent SiO2. Contain P>A." 20 3.1.2.. 3 unit Latitic-rhyolitic (alkali-calcic) volcanic suite "A collective term for a suite of volcanic rocks that vary between QAPF field 8 (latite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for rhyolitoid. Chemically, this suite of rocks contain CaO equal to K2O+Na2O at 51 to 56 percent SiO2. Contain P subequal A." 3.1.3.. 3 unit Latitic-trachytic (alkaline) volcanic suite "A collective term for a suite of volcanic rocks that vary between QAPF field 8 (latite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for trachytoid. Chemically, this suite of rocks contain more sodium and/or potassium than is required to form feldspar with the available silica. Contain A>P." 5 3.1.4.. 3 rock Rhyolitoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks tentatively identified as rhyolite." 5 3.1.4.1. 4 rock Alkali feldspar rhyolite "A special term for a variety of rhyolite in which plagioclase is less than 10 percent of the total feldspar. Defined modally in QAPF field 2 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.4.2. 4 rock Rhyolite "A collective term for silicic volcanic rocks consisting of phenocrysts of quartz and alkali feldspar, often with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline or glassy groundmass and having the chemical composition of granite. Defined modally in QAPF field 3 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60 percent and P/(P+A) between 10 and 35 percent. If modes are not available, chemically in TAS field R (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 64 3.1.5.. 3 rock Dacitoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks tentatively identified as dacite." 15 3.1.5.1. 4 rock Dacite "A volcanic rock composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene. The volcanic equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite. Defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60 percent and P/(P+A) greater than 65 percent. If modes are not available, chemically in TAS field 03 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 18 3.1.6.. 3 rock Rhyodacite "A term used for volcanic rocks intermediate between rhyolite and dacite, usually consisting of phenocrysts of quartz, plagioclase and a few ferromagnesian minerals in a microcrystalline groundmass (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 10 3.1.7.. 3 rock Trachytoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks tentatively identified as trachyte." 2 3.1.7.1. 4 rock Quartz-alkali feldspar trachyte "A felsic volcanic rock composed mainly of alkali feldspar, quartz and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 6* (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.2. 4 rock Alkali feldspar trachyte "A special term for a variety of trachyte in which plagioclase is less than 10 percent of the total feldspar. Defined modally in QAPF field 6 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.3. 4 rock Foid-bearing alkali-feldspar trachyte "A collective term for alkali feldspar trachytes containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 6' (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.4. 4 rock Quartz trachyte "A volcanic rock consisting of phenocrysts of alkali feldspar and quartz in a cryptocrystalline or glassy matrix. It is the volcanic equivalent of quartz syenite. Defined modally in QAPF field 7* (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have normative quartz between 5 and 20 percent." 3.1.7.5. 4 rock Trachyte "A volcanic rock consisting essentially of alkali feldspar. Defined modally in QAPF field 7 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002) and, if modes are not available, chemically in TAS field T (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) less than 20 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and P/(P+A) between 10 and 35 percent." 1 3.1.7.6. 4 rock Foid-bearing trachyte "A collective term for trachytes containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 7' (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.7. 4 rock Quartz latite "Volcanic rocks composed of alkali feldspar and plagioclase in roughly equal amounts, quartz and mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 8* (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) between 5 and 20 percent and P/(P+A) between 35 and 65 percent." 2 3.1.7.8. 4 rock Latite "A volcanic rock composed of approximately equal amounts of alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase, i.e. the volcanic equivalent of monzonite. Defined modally in QAPF field 8 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.11, p. 31). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) less than 5 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and P/(P+A) between 35 and 65 percent. If modes are not available, these rocks are defined chemically as the potassic variety of trachyandesite in TAS field S3 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 6 3.1.7.9. 4 rock Foid-bearing latite "A collective term for latites containing small amounts of feldspathoids (less than 10 percent of the felsic minerals). Defined modally in QAPF field 8' (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.10. 4 rock Trachydacite (TAS) "A term originally used for a variety of rhyolite containing bronzite (=enstatite) and an alkali feldspar to oligoclase ratio of 2:1. Defined chemically as rocks with more than 20 percent normative quartz in TAS field T (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.11. 4 rock Trachyandesite (TAS) "A term originally used for volcanic rocks intermediate in composition between trachyte and andesite and containing approximately equal amounts of alkali feldspar and plagioclase. Later used for volcanic rocks containing foids as well as alkali feldspar and plagioclase. Defined chemically in TAS field S3 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 1 3.1.7.11.1 5 rock Benmoreite (TAS) "A volcanic rocks consisting essentially of anorthoclase or sodic sanidine, Fe-olivine and ferroaugite (= augite). Defined chemically as the sodic variety of trachyandesite in TAS field S3 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.12. 4 rock Basaltic trachyandesite (TAS) "A group term introduced for rocks intermediate between trachyandesite and trachybasalt, i.e. an analogous name to basaltic andesite in the oversaturated rocks. Defined chemically in TAS field S2 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.12.1 5 rock Mugearite (TAS) "A volcanic rock, often exhibiting flow texture, containing small phenocrysts of olivine, augite, and magnetite in a matrix of oligoclase, augite and magnetite with interstitial alkali feldspar. Defined chemically as the sodic variety of basaltic trachyandesite in TAS field S2 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002." 3.1.7.12.2 5 rock Shoshonite (TAS) "A collective term for a trachyandesitic rock generally described as an orthoclase-bearing basalt. Defined chemically as the potassic variety of basaltic trachyandesite in TAS field S2 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.13. 4 rock Trachybasalt (TAS) "A term used for basaltic volcanic rocks containing labradorite and alkali feldspar. Defined chemically in TAS field S 1 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 1 3.1.7.13.1 5 rock Hawaiite (TAS) "A term originally defined as a variety of olivine-bearing basalt in which the normative plagioclase is oligoclase or andesine. Defined chemically as the sodic variety of trachybasalt in TAS field S1 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.7.13.2 5 rock Potassic trachybasalt (TAS) "A term introduced for the potassic analogue of hawaiite in TAS field S1 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002) to distinguish it from trachybasalt which is the collective name of the field." 3.1.8.. 3 rock Andesitoid/basaltoid "A term proposed preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks tentatively identified as basalt or andesite." 22 3.1.8.1. 4 rock Andesite "An intermediate volcanic rock, usually porphyritic, consisting of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) less than 20 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent, and M less than 35." 24 3.1.8.2. 4 rock Basalt "A volcanic rock consisting essentially of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene. Olivine and minor foids or minor interstitial quartz may also be present. Defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre, 2002). These rocks have Q/(Q+A+P) less than 20 percent or F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, P/(A+P) greater than 90 percent, and M greater than 35 percent. If modes are not available, chemically in TAS field B (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 97 3.1.8.3. 4 rock Basaltic andesite (TAS) "A term for a volcanic rock which has plagioclase of variable composition with the ferromagnesian minerals more commonly found in basalts, e.g. olivine. Defined chemically in TAS field O1 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.9.. 3 rock Phonolitoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field'' classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks thought to contain essential foids and in which alkali feldspar is thought to be more abundant than plagioclase." 3.1.9.1. 4 rock Phonolite "Defined in QAPF field 11 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002) as a volcanic rock consisting essentially of alkali feldspar and any foids. These rocks have F/(F+A+P) between 10 an 60 percent, and P/(P+A) less than 10 percent. If nepheline is the only foid then the term phonolite may be used by itself but if, leucite is the most abundant foid then the term leucite phonolite should be used, etc. If modes are not available phonolite is defined chemically in TAS field Ph (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.9.2. 4 rock Tephritic phonolite "A collective term for alkaline volcanic rocks consisting of alkali feldspar, sodic plagioclase, feldspathoid and various mafic minerals. Defined modally in QAPF field 12 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.9.3. 4 rock Tephri-phonolite (TAS) "A synonym for tephritic phonolite of QAPF field 12 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre, 2002) and also defined chemically in TAS field U3 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.10.. 3 rock Tephritoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks thought to contain essential foids and in which plagioclase is thought to be more abundant than alkali feldspar." 3.1.10.1. 4 rock Phonolitic basanite "A collective term for alkaline basaltic rocks that are the volcanic equivalent to foid monzodiorites or monzogabbros and consist of plagioclase, feldspathoid, olivine, augite and often minor sanidine. If the amount of olivine is less than 10 percent it is a phonolitic tephrite. Defined modally in QAPF field 13 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.10.2. 4 rock Phonolitic tephrite "A collective term for alkaline volcanic rocks consisting of plagioclase, feldspathoid, augite and often minor olivine and sanidine. If the amount of olivine is greater than 10 percent it is a phonolitic basanite. Defined modally in QAPF field 13 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre, and others 2002)." 3.1.10.3. 4 rock Basanite "A term used as a group name for rocks composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, essential foids and olivine. Defined modally in QAPF field 14 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002) and, if modes are not available, chemically in TAS field U1 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.10.4. 4 rock Tephrite "An alkaline volcanic rock composed essentially of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene and feldspathoid. Now defined modally in QAPF field 14 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002) and, if modes are not available, chemically in TAS field U1 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.10.5. 4 rock phono-tephrite (TAS) "A synonym for phonolitic tephrite of QAPF field 13 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002) and also defined chemically in TAS field U2 (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.1.11.. 3 rock Foiditoid "A term proposed for preliminary use in the QAPF ""field"" classification (fig. B-5; Le Maitre and others, 2002) for volcanic rocks tentatively identified as foidite." 3.1.11.1. 4 rock Phonolitic foidite "A collective term for alkaline volcanic rocks consisting of foids with some alkali feldspar as defined modally in QAPF field 15a (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). If possible the most abundant foid should be used in the name, e.g. phonolitic nephelinite, phonolitic leucitite." 3.1.11.2. 4 rock Basanitic foidite "A collective term for alkaline volcanic rocks consisting of foids with some plagioclase as defined modally in QAPF field 15b (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). It is distinguished from tephritic foidite by having more than 10 percent modal olivine. If possible the most abundant foid should be used in the name, e.g. basanitic nephelinite, basanitic leucitite etc." 3.1.11.3. 4 rock Tephritic foidite "A collective term for alkaline volcanic rocks consisting of foids with some plagioclase as defined modally in QAPF field 15b (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002). It is distinguished from basanitic foidite by having less than 10 percent modal olivine. If possible the most abundant foid should be used in the name, e.g. tephritic nephelinite, tephritic leucitite etc." 3.1.11.4. 4 rock Foidite "A general term for volcanic rocks defined in QAPF field 15 (fig. B-6; Le Maitre and others, 2002), i.e. rocks containing more than 60 percent foids in total light-colored constituents. If modes are not available, chemically defined in TAS field F (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002). If possible the most abundant foid should be used in the name, e.g. nephelinite, leucitite etc." 3.1.12.. 3 rock Picrobasalt (TAS) "A chemical term for volcanic rocks, which will include certain picritic and accumulative rocks, which was introduced for TAS field Pc (fig. B-7; Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.2... 2 rock High-Mg volcanic rocks "A collective term for ultrabasic, basic, and intermediate volcanic rocks enriched in magnesium, such boninite, komatiite, meimechite, and picrite (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3.2.1.. 3 rock Boninite "A high magnesia, low alkali, andesitic rock consisting of phenocrysts of protoenstatite (which inverts to clinoenstatite), orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites. The rock exhibits textures characteristic of rapid growth and was originally described as a hyaloandesite. Defined chemically in the TAS classification (Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.13, p. 34)." 3.2.2.. 3 rock Picrite "A term used for a variety of basalt extremely rich in olivine and pyroxene. Defined chemically in the TAS classification (Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.13, p. 34)." 3.2.3.. 3 rock Komatiite "A variety of ultramafic lavas that crystallize from high temperature magmas with 18 percent to 32 percent MgO. They often form pillows and have chilled flow-tops and usually display well-developed spinifex textures with intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. The more highly magnesian varieties are often termed peridotitic komatiite. Defined chemically in the TAS classification (Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.13, p. 34)." 3.2.4.. 3 rock Meimechite "An ultramafic volcanic rock composed of olivine phenocrysts in a groundmass of olivine, clinopyroxene, magnetite and glass. Defined chemically in the TAS classification (Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.13, p. 34)." 4.... 1 rock Igneous-other A term for igneous rocks that do not use the classification schemes for ultramafic rocks or QAPF rocks. 4.1... 2 rock Carbonatite "A collective term for an igneous rocks in which the modal amount of primary carbonate minerals greater than 50 percent (Le Maitre and others, 2002, section 2.3, p. 10)." 4.1.1.. 3 rock Calcite-carbonatite "A variety of carbonatite in which the main carbonate is calcite (Le Maitre and others, 2002, section 2.3, p. 10)." 4.1.2.. 3 rock Dolomite-carbonatite "A variety of carbonatite in which the main carbonate is dolomite (Le Maitre and others, 2002, section 2.3, p. 10)." 4.1.3.. 3 rock Ferrocarbonatite "A term now used in two senses: (1) modally as a variety of carbonatite in which the main carbonate is iron-rich (p.10) and (2) chemically as a variety of carbonatite in which weight percent CaO / (CaO+MgO+FeO+Fe2O3+MnO) less than 0.8 and MgO less than (FeO+Fe2O3+MnO) (Le Maitre and others, 2002, fig. 2.2, p. 10)." 4.1.4.. 3 rock Natrocarbonatite "A rare variety of carbonatite lava, currently only known from one locality, consisting essentially of the Na-Ca-K carbonate minerals, nyerereite and gregoryite. It has also been called lengaite (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 4.2... 2 rock Melilite-bearing rock "A collective term for an igneous rock that contains greater than 10 percent modal melilite and, if feldspathoids are present, melilite greater than feldspathoid (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 4.3... 2 rock Kalsilite-bearing rock "A collective term for an igneous rock containing modal kalsilite. The principal minerals of these igneous rocks include clinopyroxene, kalsilite, leucite, melilite, olivine, and phlogopite (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 4.4... 2 rock Lamproite "A comprehensive term originally used for lamprophyric extrusive rocks rich in potassium and magnesium, corresponding to the lamproitic magma-type of Niggli. Lamproite is no longer regarded as a lamprophyre. Now part of the IUGS classification and although it cannot be defined it is characterized by the mineralogical and chemical criteria given in Le Maitre and others (2002, section 2.7, p. 16)." 4.5... 2 rock Kimberlite "An ultramafic rock consisting of major amounts of serpentinized olivine with variable amounts of phlogopite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, carbonate and chromite. Characteristic accessory minerals include pyrope garnet, monticellite, rutile and perovskite. It cannot be defined but is characterized by the mineralogical criteria given in Le Maitre and others (2002, section 2.6, p. 13)." 4.6... 2 rock Leucite-bearing rock "A collective term for igneous rock containing modal leucite (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 4.7... 2 rock Lamprophyre "A name for a distinctive group of rocks which are strongly porphyritic in mafic minerals, typically biotite, amphiboles and pyroxenes, with any feldspars being confined to the groundmass. They commonly occur as dikes or small intrusions and often show signs of hydrothermal alteration. Further details of the subdivision of these rocks are given in Le Maitre and others (2002, section 2.9 and Table 2.9, p. 19)." 4 4.8... 2 rock Mafic igneous rock "An igneous rock composed chiefly of one or more ferromagnesian, dark-colored minerals in its mode (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 1 4.9... 2 rock Felsic igneous rock "An igneous rock having abundant light-colored minerals (quartz, feldspars, feldspathoids, muscovite) in its mode (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 4.9.1.. 3 rock Porphyry "An igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a fine-grained groundmass (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 1 5.... 1 rock Sedimentary rock "A rock resulting from the consolidation of loose sediment that has accumulated in layers (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.1... 2 rock Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks "Clastic sedimentary rocks primarily made up of silicate minerals (such as quartz, feldspars, and clay minerals) and silicate rock fragments (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 101 5.1.1.. 3 rock Mudrock (shale) "A fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks composed of particles of sand, silt, and clay; the proportion of silt and clay make up more than 50 percent of the rock (fig. B-9; Folk, 1974)." 22 5.1.1.1. 4 rock Claystone or clay-shale "A fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks composed of particles of sand, silt, and clay; the proportion of silt and clay make up more than 50 percent of the rock. This term applies to rocks in which the grain size of the mud fraction is over 2/3 clay (fig. B-9; Folk, 1974)." 5.1.1.2. 4 rock Mudstone or mud-shale "A fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks composed of particles of sand, silt, and clay; the proportion of silt and clay make up more than 50 percent of the rock. This term applies to rocks in which the grain size of the mud fraction has subequal amounts of clay and silt (fig. B-9; Folk, 1974)." 2 5.1.1.3. 4 rock Siltstone or silt-shale "A fine-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks composed of particles of sand, silt, and clay; the proportion of silt and clay make up more than 50 percent of the rock. This term applies to rocks in which the grain size of the mud fraction is over 2/3 silt (fig. B-9; Folk, 1974)." 5.1.2.. 3 rock Wacke "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock composed of abundant rounded or angular fragments of sand size set in 15 to 50 percent fine-grained matrix (silt or clay) (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975; Folk, 1974; Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.1.2.1. 4 rock Quartz-wacke "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock composed of abundant rounded or angular fragments of sand size set in 15 to 50 percent fine-grained matrix (silt or clay). This term applies to rocks that contain less than 5 percent sand-sized particles of feldspar and less than 5 percent sand-sized particles of rock fragments (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.1.2.2. 4 rock Feldspathic wacke "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock composed of abundant rounded or angular fragments of sand size set in 15 to 50 percent fine-grained matrix (silt or clay). This term applies to rocks that contain more than 5 percent sand-sized particles of feldspar and in which the proportion of sand-sized particles of feldspar to rock fragments is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.1.2.3. 4 rock Lithic-wacke "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock composed of abundant rounded or angular fragments of sand size set in 15 to 50 percent fine-grained matrix (silt or clay). This term applies to rocks that contain more than 5 percent sand-sized particles of rock fragments and in which the proportion of sand-sized particles of rock fragments to feldspar is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.1.3.. 3 rock Sandstone or arenite "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock composed almost exclusively of sand-sized particles. Argillaceous material (silt or clay) is less than 15 percent of the rock (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975; Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 31 5.1.3.1. 4 rock Quartz-arenite "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing less than 5 percent sand-sized particles of feldspar and less than 5 percent sand-sized particles of rock fragments. Argillaceous material (silt or clay) is less than 15 percent of the rock (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 11 5.1.3.2. 4 rock Subarkose (subfeldspathic arenite) "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 5 to 25 percent sand-sized particles of feldspar and in which the proportion of sand-sized particles of feldspar to rock fragments is greater than 1:1. Argillaceous material (silt or clay) is less than 15 percent of the rock (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 1 5.1.3.3. 4 rock Sublitharenite (sublithic arenite) "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 5 to 25 percent sand-sized particles of rock fragments and in which the proportion of sand-sized particles of rock fragments to feldspar is greater than 1:1. Argillaceous material (silt or clay) is less than 15 percent of the rock (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.1.3.4. 4 rock Arkosic arenite (feldspathic arenite) "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing more than 25 percent sand-sized particles of feldspar and in which the proportion of sand-sized particles of feldspar to rock fragments is greater than 1:1. Argillaceous material (silt or clay) is less than 15 percent of the rock (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.1.3.5. 4 rock Lithic arenite "A medium-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing more than 25 percent sand-sized particles of rock fragments and in which the proportion of sand-sized particles of rock fragments to feldspar is greater than 1:1. Argillaceous material (silt or clay) is less than 15 percent of the rock (fig. B-8; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.1.4.. 3 rock Siliciclastic rocks with gravel-sized particles "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock, composed of rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2mm in diameter set in a fine grained matrix of sand or silt, and commonly cemented by calcium carbonate, iron oxide, silica, or hardened clay (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 6 5.1.4.1. 4 rock Well sorted conglomerate "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing more than 75 percent pebbles with a matrix of sand, silt, and clay (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 5.1.4.2. 4 rock Conglomerate "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent pebbles with a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. The ratio of sand to silt/clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 15 5.1.4.3. 4 rock Sandy conglomerate "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent pebbles with a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. The ratio of sand to silt/clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 5.1.4.4. 4 rock Muddy conglomerate "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent pebbles with a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. The ratio of sand to silt/clay is less than 1:1 (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 5.1.4.5. 4 rock Pebbly arenite "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing less than 25 percent pebbles in a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. The ratio of sand to silt/clay varies is greater than 9:1 (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 5.1.4.6. 4 rock Pebbly wacke "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing less than 25 percent pebbles in a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. The ratio of sand to silt/clay varies between 9:1 and 1:1 (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 5.1.4.7. 4 rock Pebbly mudstone "A coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing less than 25 percent pebbles in a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. The ratio of sand to silt/clay is less than 1:1 (fig. B-10; Compton, 1962)." 5.2... 2 rock Carbonate sedimentary rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbonate minerals. 14 5.2.1.. 3 rock Limestone "A sedimentary rock containing greater than 75 percent carbonate minerals; the remainder of the rock consists of up to 25 percent siliciclastic material (sand, silt, or clay). Calcite makes up more than 95 percent of the carbonate minerals (figs. B-11 and B-12; Compton, 1962 and Pettijohn, 1975)." 20 5.2.1.1. 4 rock Travertine "A dense, finely crystalline massive or concretionary limestone, of white, tan, or cream color, often having a fibrous or concentric structure and splintery fracture, formed by rapid chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate from solution in surface and ground waters, as by agitation of stream water or by evaporation around the mouth or in the conduit of a spring, esp. a hot spring (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5 5.2.2.. 3 rock Magnesian limestone "A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbonate minerals in which calcite makes up 90 to 95 percent of the carbonate minerals (fig. B-11; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.2.3.. 3 rock Dolomitic limestone "A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbonate minerals in which calcite:dolomite varies between 9:1 and 1:1 (90 to 50 percent calcite) (fig. B-11; Pettijohn, 1975)." 2 5.2.4.. 3 rock Calcitic dolomite "A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbonate minerals in which calcite:dolomite varies between 1:1 and 1:9 (50 to 10 percent calcite) (fig. B-11; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.2.5.. 3 rock Dolomite "A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbonate minerals in which calcite:dolomite is greater less 1:9 (less than 10 percent calcite) (fig. B-11; Pettijohn, 1975)." 28 5.2.6.. 3 rock Na carbonate sedimentary rocks A non-clastic sedimentary rock consisting primarily of sodium carbonate minerals formed by evaporation of saline water. 5.2.6.1. 4 rock Thermonatrite A non-clastic sedimentary rock consisting primarily of the sodium carbonate mineral thermonatrite. 5.2.6.2. 4 rock Natron A non-clastic sedimentary rock consisting primarily of the sodium carbonate mineral natron. 5.2.6.3. 4 rock Trona A non-clastic sedimentary rock consisting primarily of the sodium carbonate mineral trona. 5.2.6.4. 4 rock Gaylussite A non-clastic sedimentary rock consisting primarily of the sodium carbonate mineral gaylussite. 5.2.7.. 3 rock Carbonate rocks with gravel-sized particles "A coarse-grained carbonate sedimentary rock, composed of rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2mm in diameter set in a finer-grained matrix." 5.2.7.1. 4 rock Limestone conglomerate "A coarse-grained sedimentary rock, composed of rounded to subangular fragments of limestone larger than 2mm in diameter set in a finer-grained matrix." 5 5.3... 2 rock Phosphorite "A sedimentary rock containing more than 50 percent phosphate minerals (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4... 2 rock Siliceous rocks "A non-clastic sedimentary rock containing more than 50 percent silica of biogenic or chemical origin (opal, quartz, or chalcedony) (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.1.. 3 rock Chert "A hard, extremely dense or compact, dull to semi-vitreous, microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline non-clastic sedimentary rock, composed primarily of interlocking crystals of quartz less than 30 µm in diameter. Chert typically has porosity less than 10 percent (Bates and Jackson, 1987; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.1.1. 4 rock Opaline chert "A non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rock largely made up of amorphous silica. Chert typically has porosity less than 10 percent (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.1.2. 4 rock Quartzose chert "A vitreous, sparkly, shiny chert, which under high magnification shows a heterogeneous mixture of pyramids, prisms, and faces of quartz, but also including chert in which the secondary quartz is largely anhedral. Chert typically has porosity less than 10 percent (Bates and Jackson, 1987; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.1.3. 4 rock Jasper "A variety of chert associated with iron ores and containing iron-oxide impurities that give it various colors, characteristically red, although yellow, green, grayish-blue, brown, and black cherts have also been called jasper (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 3 5.4.1.4. 4 rock Flint "A homogeneous, dark-gray or black variety of chert (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.4.1.5. 4 rock Agate "A translucent cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, being a variegated chalcedony frequently mixed or alternating with opal, and characterized by colors arranged in alternating stripes or bands, in irregular clouds, or in moss-like forms (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.4.2.. 3 rock Diatomite "A light-colored soft friable siliceous sedimentary rock, consisting chiefly of opaline frustules of the diatom, a unicellular aquatic plant related to the algae. Porosities range from 50 to 90 percent (Bates and Jackson, 1987; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.3.. 3 rock Radiolarite "A comparatively hard fine-grained chertlike sedimentary rock composed primarily of the remains of Radiolaria. Porosities range from 50 to 90 percent (Bates and Jackson, 1987; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.4.. 3 rock Spiculite "A sedimentary rock composed principally of the siliceous spicules of invertebrates. Porosities range from 50 to 90 percent (Bates and Jackson, 1987; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.4.5.. 3 rock Sinter "A chemical sedimentary rock deposited as a hard incrustation on rocks or on the ground by precipitation from hot or cold mineral waters of springs, lakes, or streams. Porosities range from 50 to 90 percent (Bates and Jackson, 1987; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.5... 2 rock Iron formation or iron stone "A chemical sedimentary rock, typically thin-bedded and/or finely laminated, containing at least 15 percent iron of sedimentary origin, and commonly but not necessarily containing layers of chert (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.6... 2 rock Evaporite "A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of minerals produced as a result of extensive or total evaporation of saline water (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.6.1.. 3 rock Gypsum-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral gypsum. 5.6.2.. 3 rock Anhydrite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral anhydrite. 5.6.3.. 3 rock Barite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral barite. 5.6.4.. 3 rock Polyhalite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral polyhalite. 5.6.5.. 3 rock Kieserite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral kieserite. 5.6.6.. 3 rock Kainite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral kainite. 5.6.7.. 3 rock Halite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral halite. 5.6.8.. 3 rock Sylvite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral sylvite. 5.6.9.. 3 rock Carnallite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral carnallite. 5.6.10.. 3 rock Borax-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral borax. 5.6.11.. 3 rock Kemite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral kernite. 5.6.12.. 3 rock Ulexite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral ulexite. 5.6.13.. 3 rock Colemanite-stone A non-clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of the evaporite mineral colemanite. 5.7... 2 unit Carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Carbonate sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 56 5.8... 2 rock Mixed carbonate/siliciclastic sedimentary rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbonate minerals with some clastic silicate material. 2 5.8.1.. 3 rock Sandy carbonate "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent carbonate minerals; the rest of the rock consists of siliciclastic material (sand, silt, and clay). The ratio of sand to silt or clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.8.1.1. 4 rock Sandy limestone "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent calcite; the rest of the rock consists of siliciclastic material (sand, silt, and clay). The ratio of sand to silt or clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.8.1.2. 4 rock Sandy dolomite "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent dolomite; the rest of the rock consists of siliciclastic material (sand, silt, and clay). The ratio of sand to silt or clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.8.2.. 3 rock Argillaceous carbonate "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent carbonate minerals; the rest of the rock consists of siliciclastic material (sand, silt, and clay). The ratio of sand to silt or clay is less than 1:1 and the ratio of carbonate minerals to authigenic silica is greater than 3:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.8.2.1. 4 rock Argillaceous limestone "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent calcite; the rest of the rock consists of siliciclastic material (sand, silt, and clay). The ratio of sand to silt or clay is less than 1:1 and the ratio of calcite to authigenic silica is greater than 3:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.8.2.2. 4 rock Argillaceous dolomite "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent dolomite; the rest of the rock consists of siliciclastic material (sand, silt, and clay). The ratio of sand to silt or clay is less than 1:1 and the ratio of dolomite to authigenic silica is greater than 3:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.9... 2 unit Siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 46 5.10... 2 rock Mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sedimentary rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of clastic silicate material with some carbonate minerals. 14 5.10.1.. 3 rock Carbonate-bearing sandstone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent carbonate minerals. The ratio of sand to silt or clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.10.1.1. 4 rock Calcareous sandstone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent calcite. The ratio of sand to silt or clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 2 5.10.1.2. 4 rock Dolomitic sandstone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent dolomite The ratio of sand to silt or clay is greater than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.10.2.. 3 rock Carbonate-bearing siltstone or claystone A siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent carbonate minerals. The ratio of sand to silt or clay is less than 1:1 and the ratio of carbonate minerals to authigenic silica is greater than 3:1. 1 5.10.2.1. 4 rock Calcareous siltstone or claystone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent calcite. The ratio of sand to silt or clay is less than 1:1 and the ratio of calcite to authigenic silica is greater than 3:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.10.2.2. 4 rock Dolomitic siltstone or claystone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock containing 25 to 50 percent dolomite The ratio of sand to silt or clay is less than 1:1 and the ratio of dolomite to authigenic silica is greater than 3:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 1 5.11... 2 unit Siliceous and phosphatic rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks and phosphorites. Non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 5.12... 2 rock Mixed siliceous/phosphatic rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of non-clastic siliceous material with some phosphate minerals. 5 5.12.1.. 3 rock Phosphatic chert "A sedimentary rock, chert, containing phosphate minerals." 5.13... 2 unit Siliceous and clastic-carbonate rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of non-clastic siliceous, siliciclastic, and carbonate sedimentary rocks. Non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession." 5.14... 2 rock Mixed siliceous/clastic-carbonate rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of non-clastic siliceous material with some clastic silicate material and carbonate minerals. 5.14.1.. 3 rock Carbonate-bearing chert "A sedimentary rock composed primarily of authigenic siliceous material (opal, quartz, or chalcedony) with subordinate carbonate minerals. The ratio of carbonate minerals to authigenic silica is between 1:1 and 1:3. Up to 25 percent silt and clay may be present (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.14.1.1. 4 rock Dolomitic chert "A sedimentary rock composed primarily of authigenic siliceous material (opal, quartz, or chalcedony) with subordinate dolomite. The ratio of dolomite to authigenic silica is between 1:1 and 1:3. Up to 25 percent silt and clay may be present (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.14.1.2. 4 rock Calcareous chert "A sedimentary rock composed primarily of authigenic siliceous material (opal, quartz, or chalcedony) with subordinate calcite. The ratio of calcite to authigenic silica is between 1:1 and 1:3. Up to 25 percent silt and clay may be present (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.14.2.. 3 rock Porcellanite "A siliceous rock that is less hard, dense, and vitreous than chert. The term has been used for an impure chert, in part argillaceous and calcareous. These rocks have the texture, dull luster, hardness, conchoidal fracture, and general appearance of unglazed porcelain. These rocks have porosities ranging from 15 to 30 percent (fig. B-12; Bates and Jackson, 1987; Compton, 1962; Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.14.2.1. 4 rock Opaline porcellanite "A porcellanite in which the siliceous material is amorphous silica (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.14.2.2. 4 rock Quartzose porcellanite "A porcellanite in which the siliceous material is quartz (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999)." 5.15... 2 unit Clastic-carbonate and siliceous rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of siliciclastic, carbonate, and non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks. Siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession." 5.16... 2 rock Mixed clastic-carbonate/siliceous rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of clastic silicate material and carbonate minerals with some non-clastic siliceous material. 5.16.1.. 3 rock Siliceous carbonate "A sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbonate minerals with subordinate authigenic siliceous material (opal, quartz, or chalcedony). The ratio of carbonate minerals to authigenic silica is between 3:1 and 1:1. Up to 25 percent silt and clay may be present (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.16.1.1. 4 rock Siliceous limestone "A sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite with subordinate authigenic siliceous material (opal, quartz, or chalcedony). The ratio of calcite to authigenic silica is between 3:1 and 1:1. Up to 25 percent silt and clay may be present (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 3 5.16.1.1.1 5 rock Cherty limestone A sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite with subordinate chert. 1 5.16.1.2. 4 rock Siliceous dolomite "A sedimentary rock composed primarily of dolomite with subordinate authigenic siliceous material (opal, quartz, or chalcedony). The ratio of calcite to authigenic silica is between 3:1 and 1:1. Up to 25 percent silt and clay may be present (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.16.1.2.1 5 rock Cherty dolomite A sedimentary rock composed primarily of dolomite with subordinate chert. 5.16.2.. 3 rock Siliceous siltstone or claystone "A sedimentary rock containing 50 to 75 percent silt and clay and with the ratio of calcite or dolomite to authigenic silica that is less than 1:1 (fig. B-12; Compton, 1962)." 5.17... 2 unit Phosphorite and siliciclastic rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of phosphorite and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Phosphorite makes up more than half of the succession. 5.18... 2 rock Mixed phosphorite/siliciclastic rocks A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of phosphate minerals with some clastic silicate material. 5.18.1.. 3 rock Shaly phosphorite A sedimentary rock composed primarily of phosphate minerals with lesser amounts of silicate silt and clay minerals. 5.19... 2 unit Siliciclastic rocks and phosphorite A collective term for a layered sequence of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks and phosphorite. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 5.20... 2 rock Mixed siliciclastic rocks/phosphorite A sedimentary rock consisting primarily of clastic silicate material with some phosphate minerals. 5.20.1.. 3 rock Phosphatic sandstone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock, sandstone, containing phosphate minerals." 5.20.2.. 3 rock Phosphatic mudstone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock, mudstone, containing phosphate minerals." 5.20.3.. 3 rock Phosphatic claystone "A siliciclastic sedimentary rock, claystone, containing phosphate minerals." 5.21... 2 rock Carbonaceous sedimentary rocks "A sedimentary rock that consists of, or contains an appreciable amount of, original or subsequently introduced organic material, including plant and animal residues and organic derivatives greatly altered (carbonized or bituminized) from the original remains (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.21.1.. 3 rock Coal series "A readily combustible rock containing more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material including inherent moisture, formed from compaction and induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those in peat. The ratio of humic residues to sapropelic residues is greater than 3:1. Differences in kinds of plant materials (type), in degree of metamorphism (rank), and in the range of impurity (grade) are characteristic of coal and are used in classification (fig. B-13; Bates and Jackson, 1987; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.21.1.1. 4 rock Lignite "A brownish-black coal that is intermediate in coalification between peat and subbituminous coal; consolidated coal with a calorific value less than 8300 BTU/lb, on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.21.1.2. 4 rock Subbituminous "A black coal, intermediate in rank between lignite and bituminous coals; or, in some classifications, the equivalent of black lignite. It is distinguished from lignite by higher carbon and lower moisture content (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.21.1.3. 4 rock Bituminous "Coal that ranks between subbituminous coal and anthracite and that contains more than 14 percent volatile matter (on a dry, ash-free basis) and has a calorific value of more than 11,500 BTU/lb (moist, mineral-matter-free) or more than 10,500 BTU/lb if agglomerating (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 5.21.2.. 3 rock Bone coal "Coal that has a high ash content. It is hard and compact. It contains 20 to 50 percent carbonaceous material and the ratio of humic residues to sapropelic residues is greater than 1 (fig. B-13; Bates and Jackson, 1987; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.21.3.. 3 rock Cannel shale A sedimentary rock that contains 50 to 75 percent carbonaceous material with the remainder being silt and clay. The proportion of humic residues to sapropelic residues varies from 3:1 to 1:1 (fig. B-13; Pettijohn 1975). 5.21.4.. 3 rock Cannel coal A sedimentary rock that contains more than 75 percent carbonaceous material with the remainder being silt and clay. The proportion of humic residues to sapropelic residues varies from 3:1 to 1:1 (fig. B-13; Pettijohn 1975). 5.21.5.. 3 rock Boghead cannel shale A sedimentary rock that contains 50 to 75 percent carbonaceous material with the remainder being silt and clay. The proportion of humic residues to sapropelic residues varies from 1:1 to 1:3 (fig. B-13; Pettijohn 1975). 5.21.6.. 3 rock Asphaltic earth A rock containing more than 50 percent by weight carbonaceous material and has a ratio of humic residues to sapropelic residues that is less than 1:3 (fig. B-13; Pettijohn 1975). 5.21.7.. 3 rock Asphaltite Any one of the naturally occurring black solid bitumens that are soluble in carbon disulfide and fuse above 230F (fig. B-13; Pettijohn 1975). 5.21.8.. 3 rock Oil shale "A kerogen-bearing, finely laminated brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon on distillation. It contains 20 to 50 percent carbonaceous material and the ratio of humic residues to sapropelic residues is less than 1 (fig. B-13; Bates and Jackson, 1987; Pettijohn, 1975)." 5.21.9.. 3 rock Black shale "A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5 percent to 20 percent) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite), and often containing unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U, V, Cu, Ni) (fig. B-13; Bates and Jackson, 1987; Pettijohn, 1975)." 2 5.21.10.. 3 rock Carbonaceous limestone A dark-gray or black limestone with a significant content of carbon. 5.21.11.. 3 rock Carbonaceous calcareous sandstone A sandstone with a significant content of carbon and carbonate minerals. 5.22... 2 rock Epiclastic sedimentary rocks "A sedimentary rock containing less than 25 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 18 5.22.1.. 3 rock Epiclastic conglomerate "A conglomerate containing less than 25 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 1 5.22.2.. 3 rock Epiclastic sandstone "A sandstone containing less than 25 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 3 5.22.3.. 3 rock Epiclastic mudrock "A mudrock containing less than 25 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 1 5.23... 2 rock Tuffaceous sedimentary rocks "A sedimentary rock containing 25 to 75 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 20 5.23.1.. 3 rock Tuffaceous conglomerate "A conglomerate containing 25 to 75 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 5.23.2.. 3 rock Tuffaceous sandstone "A sandstone containing 25 to 75 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 5.23.3.. 3 rock Tuffaceous mudstone "A mudstone containing 25 to 75 percent pyroclastic material (Le Maitre and others, 2002)." 4 5.24... 2 unit Siliciclastic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of siliciclastic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 5.25... 2 unit Volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of volcaniclastic and siliciclastic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. Volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 4 6.... 1 rock Metamorphosed plutonic rock "Metamorphosed plutonic rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of plutonic rock." 6.1... 2 rock Metamorphosed plutonic QAPF rocks "Metamorphosed plutonic QAPF rocks; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of plutonic QAPF rocks." 2 6.1.1.. 3 rock Meta-quartz-rich-coarse-grained crystalline rock "Metamorphosed quartz-rich-coarse-grained crystalline rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz-rich-coarse-grained crystalline rock." 6.1.1.1. 4 rock Meta-quartzolite (silexite) "Metamorphosed quartzolite (silexite); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartzolite (silexite)." 6.1.1.2. 4 rock Meta-quartz-rich granitoid "Metamorphosed quartz-rich granitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz-rich granitoid." 6.1.2.. 3 rock Meta-granitoid "Metamorphosed granitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of granitoid." 25 6.1.2.1. 4 rock Meta-alkali-feldspar granite "Metamorphosed alkali-feldspar granite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of alkali-feldspar granite." 6.1.2.2. 4 rock Meta-granite "Metamorphosed granite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of granite." 5 6.1.2.2.1 5 rock Meta-syenogranite "Metamorphosed syenogranite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of syenogranite." 6.1.2.2.2 5 rock Meta-monzogranite "Metamorphosed monzogranite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of monzogranite." 1 6.1.2.3. 4 rock Meta-granodiorite "Metamorphosed granodiorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of granodiorite." 5 6.1.2.3. 4 rock Meta-tonalite "Metamorphosed tonalite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tonalite." 1 6.1.3.. 3 rock Meta-syenitoid "Metamorphosed syenitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of syenitoid." 2 6.1.3.1. 4 rock Meta-quartz-alkali-feldspar syenite "Metamorphosed quartz-alkali-feldspar syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz-alkali-feldspar syenite." 6.1.3.2. 4 rock Meta-alkali-feldspar syenite "Metamorphosed alkali-feldspar syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of alkali-feldspar syenite." 6.1.3.3. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing-alkali-feldspar syenite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing-alkali-feldspar syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing-alkali-feldspar syenite." 6.1.3.4. 4 rock Meta-quartz syenite "Metamorphosed quartz syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz syenite." 6.1.3.5. 4 rock Meta-syenite "Metamorphosed syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of syenite." 6.1.3.6. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing syenite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing syenite." 6.1.3.7. 4 rock Meta-quartz monzonite "Metamorphosed quartz monzonite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz monzonite." 6.1.3.8. 4 rock Meta-monzonite "Metamorphosed monzonite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of monzonite." 6.1.3.9. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing monzonite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing monzonite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing monzonite." 6.1.4.. 3 rock Meta-dioritoid/gabbroid/anorthosite "Metamorphosed dioritoid/gabbroid/anorthosite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dioritoid/gabbroid/anorthosite." 17 6.1.4.1. 4 rock Meta-quartz monzodiorite "Metamorphosed quartz monzodiorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz monzodiorite." 6.1.4.2. 4 rock Meta-quartz monzogabbro "Metamorphosed quartz monzogabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz monzogabbro." 6.1.4.3. 4 rock Meta-monzodiorite "Metamorphosed monzodiorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of monzodiorite." 6.1.4.4. 4 rock Meta-monzogabbro "Metamorphosed monzogabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of monzogabbro." 6.1.4.5. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing monzodiorite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing monzodiorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing monzodiorite." 6.1.4.6. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing monzogabbro "Metamorphosed foid-bearing monzogabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing monzogabbro." 6.1.4.7. 4 rock Meta-quartz diorite "Metamorphosed quartz diorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz diorite." 2 6.1.4.8. 4 rock Meta-quartz gabbro "Metamorphosed quartz gabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz gabbro." 1 6.1.4.9. 4 rock Meta-quartz anorthosite "Metamorphosed quartz anorthosite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz anorthosite." 6.1.4.10. 4 rock Meta-diorite "Metamorphosed diorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of diorite." 1 6.1.4.11. 4 rock Meta-anorthosite "Metamorphosed anorthosite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of anorthosite." 6.1.4.12. 4 rock Meta-gabbro "Metamorphosed gabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of gabbro." 1 6.1.4.13. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing diorite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing diorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing diorite." 6.1.4.14. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing gabbro "Metamorphosed foid-bearing gabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing gabbro." 6.1.4.15. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing anorthosite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing anorthosite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing anorthosite." 6.1.5.. 3 rock Meta-foid-syenitoid "Metamorphosed foid-syenitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-syenitoid." 6.1.5.1. 4 rock Meta-foid syenite "Metamorphosed foid syenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid syenite." 6.1.5.2. 4 rock Meta-foid monzosyenite "Metamorphosed foid monzosyenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid monzosyenite." 6.1.6.. 3 rock Meta-foid dioritoid and foid gabbroid "Metamorphosed foid dioritoid and foid gabbroid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid dioritoid and foid gabbroid." 6.1.6.1. 4 rock Meta-foid monzodiorite "Metamorphosed foid monzodiorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid monzodiorite." 6.1.6.2. 4 rock Meta-foid monzogabbro "Metamorphosed foid monzogabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid monzogabbro." 6.1.6.3. 4 rock Meta-foid diorite "Metamorphosed foid diorite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid diorite." 6.1.6.4. 4 rock Meta-foid gabbro "Metamorphosed foid gabbro; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid gabbro." 6.1.7.. 3 rock Meta-foidolite "Metamorphosed foidolite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foidolite." 6.2... 2 rock Metamorphosed plutonic ultramafic rock "Metamorphosed plutonic ultramafic rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of plutonic ultramafic rock." 2 6.2.1.. 3 rock Meta-peridotite "Metamorphosed peridotite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of peridotite." 1 6.2.2.. 3 rock Meta-pyroxenite "Metamorphosed pyroxenite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of pyroxenite." 6.2.3.. 3 rock Meta-hornblendite "Metamorphosed hornblendite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of hornblendite." 7.... 1 rock Metamorphosed volcanic rock "Metamorphosed volcanic rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of volcanic rock." 7.1... 2 rock Metamorphosed volcanic QAPF rocks "Metamorphosed volcanic QAPF rocks; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of volcanic QAPF rocks." 1 7.1.1.. 3 rock Meta-rhyolitoid "Metamorphosed rhyolitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of rhyolitoid." 7.1.1.1. 4 rock Meta-alkali feldspar rhyolite "Metamorphosed alkali feldspar rhyolite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of alkali feldspar rhyolite." 7.1.1.2. 4 rock Meta-rhyolite "Metamorphosed rhyolite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of rhyolite." 7.1.2.. 3 rock Meta-dacitoid "Metamorphosed dacitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dacitoid." 7.1.2.1. 4 rock Meta-dacite "Metamorphosed dacite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dacite." 7.1.3.. 3 rock Meta-trachytoid "Metamorphosed trachytoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of trachytoid." 7.1.3.1. 4 rock Meta-quartz-alkali feldspar trachyte "Metamorphosed quartz-alkali feldspar trachyte; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz-alkali feldspar trachyte." 7.1.3.2. 4 rock Meta-alkali feldspar trachyte "Metamorphosed alkali feldspar trachyte; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of alkali feldspar trachyte." 7.1.3.3. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing alkali-feldspar trachyte "Metamorphosed foid-bearing alkali-feldspar trachyte; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing alkali-feldspar trachyte." 7.1.3.4. 4 rock Meta-quartz trachyte "Metamorphosed quartz trachyte; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz trachyte." 7.1.3.5. 4 rock Meta-trachyte "Metamorphosed trachyte; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of trachyte." 7.1.3.6. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing trachyte "Metamorphosed foid-bearing trachyte; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing trachyte." 7.1.3.7. 4 rock Meta-quartz latite "Metamorphosed quartz latite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz latite." 7.1.3.8. 4 rock Meta-latite "Metamorphosed latite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of latite." 7.1.3.9. 4 rock Meta-foid-bearing latite "Metamorphosed foid-bearing latite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foid-bearing latite." 7.1.3.10. 4 rock Meta-trachydacite (TAS) "Metamorphosed trachydacite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of trachydacite (TAS)." 7.1.3.11. 4 rock Meta-trachyandesite (TAS) "Metamorphosed trachyandesite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of trachyandesite (TAS)." 7.1.3.11.1 5 rock Meta-benmoreite (TAS) "Metamorphosed benmoreite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of benmoreite (TAS)." 7.1.3.12. 4 rock Meta-basaltic trachyandesite (TAS) "Metamorphosed basaltic trachyandesite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of basaltic trachyandesite (TAS)." 7.1.3.12.1 5 rock Meta-mugearite (TAS) "Metamorphosed mugearite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mugearite (TAS)." 7.1.3.12.2 5 rock Meta-shoshonite (TAS) "Metamorphosed shoshonite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of shoshonite (TAS)." 7.1.3.13. 4 rock Meta-trachybasalt (TAS) "Metamorphosed trachybasalt (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of trachybasalt (TAS)." 7.1.3.13.1 5 rock Meta-hawaiite (TAS) "Metamorphosed hawaiite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of hawaiite (TAS)." 7.1.3.13.2 5 rock Meta-potassic trachybasalt (TAS) "Metamorphosed potassic trachybasalt (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of potassic trachybasalt (TAS)." 7.1.4.. 3 rock Meta-andesitoid/basaltoid "Metamorphosed andesitoid/basaltoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of andesitoid/basaltoid." 7.1.4.1. 4 rock Meta-andesite "Metamorphosed andesite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of andesite." 7.1.4.2. 4 rock Meta-basalt "Metamorphosed basalt; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of basalt." 7.1.4.3. 4 rock Meta-basaltic andesite (TAS) "Metamorphosed basaltic andesite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of basaltic andesite (TAS)." 7.1.5.. 3 rock Meta-phonolitoid "Metamorphosed phonolitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phonolitoid." 7.1.5.1. 4 rock Meta-phonolite "Metamorphosed phonolite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phonolite." 7.1.5.2. 4 rock Meta-tephritic phonolite "Metamorphosed tephritic phonolite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tephritic phonolite." 7.1.5.3. 4 rock Meta-tephri-phonolite (TAS) "Metamorphosed tephri-phonolite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tephri-phonolite (TAS)." 7.1.6.. 3 rock Meta-tephritoid "Metamorphosed tephritoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tephritoid." 7.1.6.1. 4 rock Meta-phonolitic basanite "Metamorphosed phonolitic basanite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phonolitic basanite." 7.1.6.2. 4 rock Meta-phonolitic tephrite "Metamorphosed phonolitic tephrite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phonolitic tephrite." 7.1.6.3. 4 rock Meta-basanite "Metamorphosed basanite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of basanite." 7.1.6.4. 4 rock Meta-tephrite "Metamorphosed tephrite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tephrite." 7.1.6.5. 4 rock Meta-phono-tephrite (TAS) "Metamorphosed phono-tephrite (TAS); despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phono-tephrite (TAS)." 7.1.7.. 3 rock Meta-foiditoid "Metamorphosed foiditoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foiditoid." 7.1.7.1. 4 rock Meta-phonolitic foidite "Metamorphosed phonolitic foidite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phonolitic foidite." 7.1.7.2. 4 rock Meta-basanitic foidite "Metamorphosed basanitic foidite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of basanitic foidite." 7.1.7.3. 4 rock Meta-tephritic foidite "Metamorphosed tephritic foidite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tephritic foidite." 7.1.7.4. 4 rock Meta-foidite "Metamorphosed foidite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of foidite." 7.2... 2 rock Metamorphosed high-Mg volcanic rocks "Metamorphosed high-Mg volcanic rocks; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of high-Mg volcanic rocks." 8.... 1 rock Other metamorphosed igneous rocks "Other metamorphosed igneous rocks; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of other igneous rocks." 8.1... 2 rock Metamorphosed carbonatite "Metamorphosed carbonatite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonatite." 8.2... 2 rock Metamorphosed melilite-bearing rock "Metamorphosed melilite-bearing rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of melilite-bearing rock." 8.3... 2 rock Metamorphosed kalsilite-bearing rock "Metamorphosed kalsilite-bearing rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of kalsilite-bearing rock." 8.4... 2 rock Metamorphosed lamproite "Metamorphosed lamproite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of lamproite." 8.5... 2 rock Metamorphosed kimberlite "Metamorphosed kimberlite; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of kimberlite." 8.6... 2 rock Metamorphosed leucite-bearing rock "Metamorphosed leucite-bearing rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of leucite-bearing rock." 8.7... 2 rock Metamorphosed lamprophyres "Metamorphosed lamprophyres; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of lamprophyres." 8.8... 2 unit Metamorphosed dioritoid-granitoid (calc-alkaline) plutonic suite "A collective term for a metamorphosed suite of plutonic igneous rocks that vary between the QAPF ""field"" classification for dioritoid and granitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized." 8.9... 2 unit Metamorphosed andesitoid-rhyolitoid (calc-alkalic) volcanic suite "A collective term for a metamorphosed suite of volcanic igneous rocks that vary between the QAPF ""field"" classification for basaltoid/andesitoid and rhyolitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized." 6 8.10... 2 unit Metamorphosed monzonitoid-granitoid (alkali-calcic) plutonic suite "A collective term for a metamorphosed suite of plutonic igneous rocks ranging between QAPF field 9 (monzonite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for granitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized." 8.11... 2 unit Metamorphosed latitic-rhyolitic (alkali-calcic) volcanic suite "A collective term for a metamorphosed suite of volcanic igneous rocks that vary between QAPF field 8 (latite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for rhyolitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized." 8.12... 2 unit Metamorphosed monzonitoid-syenitoid plutonic (alkaline) suite "A collective term for a metamorphosed suite of plutonic igneous rocks that vary between QAPF field 9 (monzonite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for syenitoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized." 8.13... 2 unit Metamorphosed latitic-trachytic (alkaline) volcanic suite "A collective term for a metamorphosed suite of volcanic igneous rocks that vary between QAPF field 8 (latite) and the QAPF ""field"" classification for trachytoid; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized." 8.14... 2 rock Metamorphosed mafic igneous rock "Metamorphosed mafic igneous rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mafic igneous rock." 5 8.15... 2 rock Metamorphosed felsic igneous rock "Metamorphosed felsic igneous rock; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of felsic igneous rock." 8.15.1.. 3 rock Metamorphosed porphyry "Metamorphosed porphyry; despite metamorphism, the original igneous rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of porphyry." 9.... 1 rock Metamorphosed sedimentary rock "Metamorphosed sedimentary rock; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sedimentary rock." 9.1... 2 rock Metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks." 114 9.1.1.. 3 rock Meta-mudrock (shale) "Metamorphosed mudrock (shale); despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mudrock (shale)." 78 9.1.1.1. 4 rock Meta-claystone "Metamorphosed claystone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of claystone." 5 9.1.1.2. 4 rock Meta-mudstone "Metamorphosed mudstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mudstone." 9.1.1.3. 4 rock Meta-siltstone "Metamorphosed siltstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siltstone." 15 9.1.2.. 3 rock Meta-wacke "Metamorphosed wacke; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of wacke." 2 9.1.2.1. 4 rock Meta-quartz-wacke "Metamorphosed quartz-wacke; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz-wacke." 9.1.2.2. 4 rock Meta-feldspathic wacke "Metamorphosed feldspathic wacke; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of feldspathic wacke." 3 9.1.2.3. 4 rock Meta-lithic-wacke "Metamorphosed lithic-wacke; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of lithic-wacke." 9.1.3.. 3 rock Meta-sandstone or arenite "Metamorphosed sandstone or arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sandstone or arenite." 59 9.1.3.1. 4 rock Meta-quartz-arenite "Metamorphosed quartz-arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of quartz-arenite." 39 9.1.3.2. 4 rock Meta-subfeldspathic arenite "Metamorphosed subfeldspathic arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of subfeldspathic arenite." 9.1.3.3. 4 rock Meta-sublithic arenite "Metamorphosed sublithic arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sublithic arenite." 9.1.3.4. 4 rock Meta-feldspathic arenite "Metamorphosed feldspathic arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of feldspathic arenite." 21 9.1.3.5. 4 rock Meta-lithic arenite "Metamorphosed lithic arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of lithic arenite." 9.1.4.. 3 rock Meta-siliciclastic rocks with gravel-sized particles "Metamorphosed siliciclastic rocks with gravel-sized particles; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliciclastic rocks with gravel-sized particles." 7 9.1.4.1. 4 rock Meta-well sorted conglomerate "Metamorphosed well sorted conglomerate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of well sorted conglomerate." 9.1.4.2. 4 rock Meta-conglomerate "Metamorphosed conglomerate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of conglomerate." 9.1.4.3. 4 rock Meta-sandy conglomerate "Metamorphosed sandy conglomerate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sandy conglomerate." 9.1.4.4. 4 rock Meta-muddy conglomerate "Metamorphosed muddy conglomerate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of muddy conglomerate." 9.1.4.5. 4 rock Meta-pebbly arenite "Metamorphosed pebbly arenite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of pebbly arenite." 9.1.4.6. 4 rock Meta-pebbly wacke "Metamorphosed pebbly wacke; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of pebbly wacke." 9.1.4.7. 4 rock Meta-pebbly mudstone "Metamorphosed pebbly mudstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of pebbly mudstone." 9.2... 2 rock Metamorphosed carbonate sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed carbonate sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonate sedimentary rocks." 6 9.2.1.. 3 rock Meta-limestone "Metamorphosed limestone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of limestone." 9.2.2.. 3 rock Meta-magnesian limestone "Metamorphosed magnesian limestone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of magnesian limestone." 9.2.3.. 3 rock Meta-dolomitic limestone "Metamorphosed dolomitic limestone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dolomitic limestone." 9.2.4.. 3 rock Meta-calcitic dolomite "Metamorphosed calcitic dolomite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of calcitic dolomite." 9.2.5.. 3 rock Meta-dolostone (dolomite) "Metamorphosed dolostone (dolomite); despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dolostone (dolomite)." 2 9.2.6.. 3 rock Meta-Na carbonate sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed Na carbonate sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of Na carbonate sedimentary rocks." 9.2.7.. 3 rock Meta-carbonate rocks with gravel-sized particles "Metamorphosed carbonate rocks with gravel-sized particles; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonate rocks with gravel-sized particles." 9.3... 2 rock Metamorphosed phosphorite "Metamorphosed phosphorite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phosphorite." 9.4... 2 rock Metamorphosed siliceous rocks "Metamorphosed siliceous rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliceous rocks." 1 9.5... 2 rock Metamorphosed iron formation or iron stone "Metamorphosed iron formation or iron stone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of iron formation or iron stone." 4 9.6... 2 rock Metamorphosed evaporite "Metamorphosed evaporite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of evaporite." 9.6.1.. 3 rock Meta-gypsum-stone "Metamorphosed gypsum-stone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of gypsum-stone." 9.6.2.. 3 rock Meta-anhydrite-stone "Metamorphosed anhydrite-stone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of anhydrite-stone." 9.6.3.. 3 rock Meta-barite-stone "Metamorphosed barite-stone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of barite-stone." 9.7... 2 unit Metamorphosed carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed carbonate sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 11 9.8... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed carbonate/siliciclastic sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed mixed carbonate/siliciclastic sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed carbonate/siliciclastic sedimentary rocks." 11 9.8.1.. 3 rock Meta-sandy carbonate "Metamorphosed sandy carbonate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sandy carbonate." 1 9.8.1.1. 4 rock Meta-sandy limestone "Metamorphosed sandy limestone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sandy limestone." 9.8.1.2. 4 rock Meta-sandy dolomite "Metamorphosed sandy dolomite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of sandy dolomite." 9.8.2.. 3 rock Meta-argillaceous carbonate "Metamorphosed argillaceous carbonate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of argillaceous carbonate." 1 9.8.2.1. 4 rock Meta-argillaceous limestone "Metamorphosed argillaceous limestone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of argillaceous limestone." 9.8.2.2. 4 rock Meta-argillaceous dolomite "Metamorphosed argillaceous dolomite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of argillaceous dolomite." 5 9.9... 2 unit Metamorphosed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 18 9.10... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sedimentary rocks." 35 9.10.1.. 3 rock Meta-carbonate-bearing sandstone "Metamorphosed carbonate-bearing sandstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonate-bearing sandstone." 9.10.1.1. 4 rock Meta-calcareous sandstone "Metamorphosed calcareous sandstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of calcareous sandstone." 9.10.1.2. 4 rock Meta-dolomitic sandstone "Metamorphosed dolomitic sandstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dolomitic sandstone." 9.10.2.. 3 rock Meta-carbonate-bearing siltstone or claystone "Metamorphosed carbonate-bearing siltstone or claystone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonate-bearing siltstone or claystone." 9.10.2.1. 4 rock Meta-calcareous siltstone or claystone "Metamorphosed calcareous siltstone or claystone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of calcareous siltstone or claystone." 1 9.10.2.2. 4 rock Meta-dolomitic siltstone or claystone "Metamorphosed dolomitic siltstone or claystone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dolomitic siltstone or claystone." 27 9.11... 2 unit Metamorphosed siliceous and phosphatic rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks and phosphorites. Metamorphosed non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 9.12... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed siliceous/phosphatic rocks "Metamorphosed mixed siliceous/phosphatic rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed siliceous/phosphatic rocks." 9.12.1.. 3 rock Meta-phosphatic chert "Metamorphosed phosphatic chert; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phosphatic chert." 9.13... 2 unit Metamorphosed siliceous and clastic-carbonate rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed non-clastic siliceous, siliciclastic, and carbonate sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 9.14... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed siliceous/clastic-carbonate rocks "Metamorphosed mixed siliceous/clastic-carbonate rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed siliceous/clastic-carbonate rocks." 9.14.1.. 3 rock Meta-carbonate-bearing chert "Metamorphosed carbonate-bearing chert; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonate-bearing chert." 9.14.2.. 3 rock Meta-dolomitic chert "Metamorphosed dolomitic chert; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of dolomitic chert." 9.14.3.. 3 rock Meta-calcareous chert "Metamorphosed calcareous chert; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of calcareous chert." 9.14.4.. 3 rock Meta-porcellanite "Metamorphosed porcellanite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of porcellanite." 9.15... 2 unit Metamorphosed clastic-carbonate and siliceous rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed siliciclastic, carbonate, and non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 9.16... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed clastic-carbonate/siliceous rocks "Metamorphosed mixed clastic-carbonate/siliceous rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed clastic-carbonate/siliceous rocks." 9.16.1.. 3 rock Meta-siliceous carbonate "Metamorphosed siliceous carbonate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliceous carbonate." 9.16.2.. 3 rock Meta-siliceous limestone "Metamorphosed siliceous limestone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliceous limestone." 9.16.3.. 3 rock Meta-siliceous dolomite "Metamorphosed siliceous dolomite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliceous dolomite." 9.16.4.. 3 rock Meta-siliceous siltstone or claystone "Metamorphosed siliceous siltstone or claystone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of siliceous siltstone or claystone." 9.17... 2 unit Metamorphosed phosphorite and siliciclastic rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed phosphorite and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed phosphorite makes up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 9.18... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed phosphorite/siliciclastic rocks "Metamorphosed mixed phosphorite/siliciclastic rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed phosphorite/siliciclastic rocks." 9.18.1.. 3 rock Meta-shaly phosphorite "Metamorphosed shaly phosphorite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of shaly phosphorite." 9.19... 2 unit Metamorphosed siliciclastic rocks and phosphorite "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks and phosphorite. Metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 9.20... 2 rock Metamorphosed mixed siliciclastic rocks/phosphorite "Metamorphosed mixed siliciclastic rocks/phosphorite; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of mixed siliciclastic rocks/phosphorite." 9.20.1.. 3 rock Meta-phosphatic sandstone "Metamorphosed phosphatic sandstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phosphatic sandstone." 9.20.1.. 3 rock Meta-phosphatic mudstone "Metamorphosed phosphatic mudstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phosphatic mudstone." 9.20.2.. 3 rock Meta-phosphatic claystone "Metamorphosed phosphatic claystone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of phosphatic claystone." 9.21... 2 rock Metamorphosed carbonaceous sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed carbonaceous sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of carbonaceous sedimentary rocks." 9.21.1.. 3 rock Meta-coal series "Metamorphosed coal series; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of coal series." 9.21.1.1. 4 rock Semianthracite "Coal having a fixed-carbon content of 86 percent to 92 percent. It is between bituminous coal and anthracite in metamorphic rank, although its physical properties more closely resemble those of anthracite (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 9.21.1.2. 4 rock Anthracite "Coal of the highest metamorphic rank, in which fixed-carbon content is between 92 percent and 98 percent (on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis). It is hard and black, and has a semimetallic luster and semiconchoidal fracture (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 9.21.2.. 3 rock Meta-black shale "Metamorphosed black shale; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of black shale." 9.22... 2 rock Meta-volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks." 8 9.22.1.. 3 rock Meta-volcanic conglomerate "Metamorphosed volcanic conglomerate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of volcanic conglomerate." 9.22.2.. 3 rock Meta-volcanic sandstone "Metamorphosed volcanic sandstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of volcanic sandstone." 9.22.3.. 3 rock Meta-volcanic mudrock "Metamorphosed volcanic mudrock; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of volcanic mudrock." 9.23... 2 rock Metamorphosed tuffaceous sedimentary rocks "Metamorphosed tuffaceous sedimentary rocks; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tuffaceous sedimentary rocks." 9.23.1.. 3 rock Metamorphosed tuffaceous conglomerate "Metamorphosed tuffaceous conglomerate; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tuffaceous conglomerate." 9.23.2.. 3 rock Metamorphosed tuffaceous sandstone "Metamorphosed tuffaceous sandstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tuffaceous sandstone." 9.23.3.. 3 rock Metamorphosed tuffaceous mudstone "Metamorphosed tuffaceous mudstone; despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized. See definition of tuffaceous mudstone." 9.24... 2 unit Metamorphosed siliciclastic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed siliciclastic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 9.25... 2 unit Metamorphosed volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks "A collective term for a layered sequence of metamorphosed volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. Despite metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock protolith can be recognized." 10.... 1 rock Higher-grade metamorphic rocks "Metamorphic rocks characterized by metamorphic minerals, texture, and approximate composition. Recognition of protolith may be ambiguous." 10.1... 2 rock Metamorphosed aluminous and sub-aluminous rocks "A metamorphic rock derived from sediments variably enriched in aluminum (clay minerals). In addition to quartz, the following metamorphic minerals are common constituents of these rocks: pyrophyllite, andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite, chloritoid, cordierite, chlorite, almandine-rich garnet, K-bearing micas, Na-bearing micas, and stilpnomelane (Winkler, 1974)." 22 10.1.1.. 3 rock Pelitic rock "A metamorphic rock derived from argillaceous or a fine-grained aluminous sediment (such as sedimentary rocks with a high proportion of clay minerals) (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.1.2.. 3 rock Semi-pelitic rock A metamorphic rock derived from sediment relatively-enriched in aluminum (such as sedimentary rocks with enriched in clay minerals). 5 10.2.2.. 2 rock Metamorphosed quartzofeldspathic rocks and quartzites Metamorphic rocks composed primarily of quartz and/or feldspar. 10.2.1.. 3 rock Quartzofeldspathic rock A metamorphic rock composed primarily of feldspar and quartz and formed by recrystallization of siliceous sedimentary rocks (feldspathic sandstones) or granitic rocks. 10 10.2.2.. 3 rock Quartzite (metaquartzite) "A granoblastic metamorphic rock consisting mainly of quartz and formed by recrystallization of sandstone or chert by either regional or thermal metamorphism (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.2.3.. 3 rock Felsic gneiss "A gneissic rock dominated by light-colored minerals, commonly quartz and feldspar (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.3.3.. 2 rock Metamorphosed calcareous rocks "Metamorphosed carbonate and quartz-bearing carbonate rocks; metamorphic minerals include: tremolite, forsterite, diopside, wollastonite, periclase (brucite), monticellite, akermanite, spurrite, mervinite, larnite, and grossularite-rich garnet (Winkler, 1974)." 1 10.3.1.. 3 rock Marble "A metamorphic rock composed primarily of fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite, usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 8 10.3.2.. 3 rock Calcsilicate rock "A metamorphic rock consisting mainly of calcium-bearing silicates such as diopside and wollastonite, and formed by metamorphism of impure limestone or dolomite (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 9 10.3.3.. 3 rock Calcic skarn "A metasomatic rock consisting of calcium-bearing silicates derived by the introduction of large amounts of Si, Al, Fe and Mg into calcareous sedimentary rocks (generally limestone). The rock can contain garnet, clinopyroxene, pyroxenoids, amphiboles, chlorite, epidote, clays, carbonates, and sulfide minerals." 10.4.3.. 2 rock Metamorphosed mafic or basic rocks "Metamorphosed mafic rocks such as basalt, andesite, and their plutonic equivalents. Metamorphic minerals include: prehnite, pumpellyite, zoisite, albite, actinolite, chlorite, epidote, hornblende, and possibly almandine garnet (Winkler, 1974)." 11 10.4.1.. 3 rock Amphibolite "A crystalloblastic metamorphic rock consisting mainly of amphibole and plagioclase with little or no quartz (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 16 10.4.2.. 3 rock Mafic metavolcanic rocks Metamorphosed rocks of basaltic or andesitic composition. 1 10.4.2.1. 4 rock Greenstone (metavolcanic) "A field term applied to any compact dark-green altered or metamorphosed basic igneous rock (e.g. spilite, basalt, gabbro, diabase) that owes its color to the presence of chlorite, actinolite, or epidote (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 8 10.4.2.2. 4 rock Spilite (metavolcanic) "An altered basalt, characteristically amygdaloidal or vesicular, in which the feldspar has been albitized and is typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, epidote, chalcedony, prehnite, or other low-temperature hydrous crystallization products characteristic of a greenstone (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.4.3.. 3 rock Greenschist "A schistose metamorphic rock whose green color is due to the presence of chlorite, epidote, or actinolite; a common product of low-grade regional metamorphism of pelitic or basic igneous rocks (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 6 10.4.4.. 3 rock Mafic gneiss "A gneissic metamorphic rock dominated by dark-colored minerals, commonly biotite and hornblende (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 1 10.5.4.. 2 rock Metamorphosed magnesian rocks "Metamorphosed rocks rich in magnesium, such as ultramafic rocks. Metamorphic minerals include serpentine, talc, anthophyllite, enstatite, forsterite, brucite, periclase, magnesite. If aluminum and calcium are available, chlorite and diopside may also be present (Winkler, 1974)." 2 10.5.1.. 3 rock Serpentinite "A metamorphic rock consisting almost wholly of serpentine-group minerals derived from the hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.5.2.. 3 rock Soapstone "A metamorphic rock of massive, schistose, or interlaced fibrous or flaky texture and soft, unctuous feel, composed essentially of talc with varying amounts of micas, chlorite, amphibole, pyroxenes, etc. and derived from the alteration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.5.3.. 3 rock Magnesian skarn "A metasomatic rock consisting of magnesium-bearing silicates derived by the introduction of large amounts of Si, Al, Fe and Mg into calcareous sedimentary rocks (generally dolomite). The rock can contain forsterite, humite, periclase, clinopyroxene, phlogopite, magnetite, serpentine, talc, brucite, tremolite, chlorite, and pyrite." 10.6.3.. 2 rock Metamorphosed ferruginous rocks "Metamorphic rocks rich in iron, such as iron-rich cherts or ironstones. Metamorphic minerals include: greenalite, minnesotaite, ferroactinolite, ferrocummingtonite, hematite, magnetite, ferrosilite, fayalite, ferrohedenburgite, and almandine garnet (Nelson, 2003)." 10.7.3.. 2 rock Metamorphosed manganiferous rocks "Metamorphic rocks rich in manganese. Metamorphic minerals include stilpnomelene, piedmontite, and spessartine (Nelson, 2003)." 10.8.3.. 2 rock Metamorphic rock - composition unknown Metamorphic rocks characterized only by their fabric and texture with little or no information on their mineralogy or composition. 10.8.1.. 3 rock Hornfels - composition unknown "A fine-grained rock composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains without preferred orientation and typically formed by contact metamorphism (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.8.2.. 3 rock Granofels - composition unknown "A field name for a medium- to coarse-grained granoblastic metamorphic rock with little or no foliation or lineation (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.8.3.. 3 rock Phyllite - composition unknown "A metamorphosed rock, intermediate in grade between slate and mica schist. Minute crystals of sericite and chlorite impart a silky sheen to the surfaces of cleavage (or schistosity) (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 3 10.8.4.. 3 rock Schist - composition unknown "A strongly foliated crystalline rock, formed by dynamic metamorphism, that can be readily split into thin flakes or slabs due to the well developed parallelism of more than 50 percent of the minerals present, particularly those of lamellar or elongate prismatic habit, e.g. mica and hornblende (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 10.8.5.. 3 rock Gneiss - composition unknown "A foliated rock formed by regional metamorphism, in which bands or lenticles of granular minerals alternate with bands or lenticles in which minerals having flaky or elongate prismatic habits predominate. Generally less than 50 percent of the minerals show preferred parallel orientation (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 11.... 1 unit Unconsolidated sediments "Solid fragmental material that occurs as layers on the Earth's surface in a loose, unconsolidated form." 11.1... 2 unit Natural unconsolidated sediments "Solid fragmental material that originates from weathering of rocks and is transported by air, water, or ice, or that accumulates by other natural agents and accumulates in layers on the Earth's surface in a loose, unconsolidated form (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 19 11.1.1.. 3 unit Modern fluvial sediments (alluvium) "Sediments deposited by running water of streams and rivers. It may occur on terraces well above present streams, on the present flood plains or deltas, or as a fan at the base of a slope (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 35 11.1.1.1. 4 unit Braided streams - gravel dominated "Gravel that occurs in a stream with multiple channels that interweave as a result of repeated bifurcation and convergence of flow around interchannel bars, resembling (in plan view) the strands of a complex braid. Braiding is generally confined to broad, shallow streams of low sinuosity, high bedload, non-cohesive bank material, and a steep gradient (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 11.1.1.2. 4 unit Braided streams - sand dominated "Sand that occurs in a stream with multiple channels that interweave as a result of repeated bifurcation and convergence of flow around interchannel bars, resembling (in plan view) the strands of a complex braid. Braiding is generally confined to broad, shallow streams of low sinuosity, high bedload, non-cohesive bank material, and a steep gradient." 11.1.1.3. 4 unit "Sand-dominated, meandering streams" Sand that occurs in a river channel that winds sinuously across low gradient floodplains. The channels of meandering rivers shift across the floodplain by depositing sediment on the inside of bends while simultaneously eroding the outer banks of the meander bends. 11.1.1.4. 4 unit Alluvial fan and fan deltas "A generic term for constructional landforms that are built of stratified alluvium with or without debris-flow deposits and that occur on the pediment slope, downslope from their source of alluvium (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 17 11.1.2.. 3 unit Older alluvium Sediments deposited by running water of streams and rivers that occur in abandoned stream channels. 17 11.1.2.1. 4 unit Braidplain and braidplain delta Sheet-like deposits of fluvial sand and gravel that form from braided steams. 11.1.2.2. 4 unit Sheet gravels Sheet-like deposits of gravel that form from braided steams. 4 11.1.2.3. 4 unit Sheet sands Sheet-like deposits of sand that form from braided steams. 11.1.2.4. 4 unit Point bar deposits A low ridge of sediment that forms along the inner bank of a meandering stream. Houghton Mifflin (undated). 11.1.2.5. 4 unit Ribbon sand bodies Deposits of sand that formed in stream channels. 11.1.2.6. 4 unit Terrace deposits "One of a series of platforms in a stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to the stream channel, originally formed near the level of the stream, and representing the dissected remnants of an abandoned flood plain, stream bed, or valley floor produced during a former state of erosion or deposition (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 48 11.1.3.. 3 unit Eolian deposits (eluvium) "Earth material transported and deposited by the wind including dune sands, sand sheets, loess, and parna. (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 3 11.1.3.1. 4 unit Loess "a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind (Cognative Science Laboratory, undated)." 3 11.1.3.2. 4 unit Sandy desert (ergs) Vast area of drifting sand. Erg is an Arabic word for a sand sea. (http://diziet.scenario.co.uk/tictoc/Phase3/Resource/glossary.html). 11.1.4.. 3 unit Lacustrine sediments "Clastic sediments and chemical precipitates deposited in lakes (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 6 11.1.4.1. 4 unit Evaporite-dominated lake deposits Deposits that accumulate in lakes that primarily consist of mineral salts formed by the evaporation of water. 11.1.4.2. 4 unit Carbonate-dominated lake deposits Deposits that accumulate in lakes that primarily consist of carbonate minerals. 11.1.4.3. 4 unit Siliciclastic-dominated lake deposits- nearshore "Deposits of sands and gravels that accumulate in lakes that are distributed within a narrow, steeply sloping zone by oscillating waves and changing currents (McMillan and Powell, 1999)." 11.1.4.4. 4 unit Siliciclastic-dominated lake deposits- offshore "Deposits of siliciclastic material (silt, sand, and gravel) that accumulate in lakes." 11.1.5.. 3 unit Colluvium "Unconsolidated, unsorted earth material being transported or deposited on sideslopes and/or at the base of slopes by mass movement (e.g., direct gravitational action) and by local, unconcentrated runoff (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 7 11.1.5.1. 4 unit "Talus slopes, colluvial mantles, snow avalanche deposits, rockslide debris" Deposits of loose rock fragments that accumulate on sloping surfaces. 6 11.1.5.2. 4 unit Debris flow or mudflow "A general term for a mass movement landform and a process characterized by a flowing mass of predominantly fine-grained earth material (particles less than 2 mm comprising more than 50 percent of the solid material) possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. If more than half of the solid fraction consists of material larger than sand size, debris flow is preferred (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 11.1.5.3. 4 unit Slumps and landslides "A general term for a mass movement landform and a process characterized by moderately rapid to rapid (greater than 30 cm per year) downslope transport, by means of gravitational stresses, of a mass of rock and regolith that may or may not be water saturated (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 35 11.1.6.. 3 unit Glacial sediments "A general term applied to all mineral material transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice, or by running water emanating from a glacier. Drift includes unstratified material (till) that forms moraines, and stratified glaciofluvial deposits that form outwash plains, eskers, kames, varves, and glaciolacustrine sediments (Soil Science Society of America, 1998; Eyles and Eyles, 1992)." 25 11.1.6.1. 4 unit Glaciofluvial "Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited by streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits are stratified and may occur in the form of outwash plains, deltas, kames, eskers, and kame terraces (Soil Science Society of America, 1998; Eyles and Eyles, 1992)." 7 11.1.6.2. 4 unit Glaciolacustrine "Material ranging from fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited in glacial lakes by water originating mainly from the melting of glacial ice. Many are bedded or laminated with varves (Soil Science Society of America, 1998; Eyles and Eyles, 1992)." 9 11.1.6.3. 4 unit Glaciated valley "Material deposited in high-relief glacioterrestrial depositional settings. Deposits are dominated by interbedded debris flow diamicts, braided river gravels, and glaciolacustrine deposits (Eyles and Eyles, 1992)." 12 11.1.6.4. 4 unit Subglacial "Accumulations of till, sand, and gravel deposited beneath glaciers. Includes drumlins, eskers, and kames." 11.1.7.. 3 unit Volcanic sediments Clastic deposits containing volcanic material. 11.1.7.1. 4 unit Pyroclastic fall "Deposits formed from the shower-like falling of pyroclastic material from an volcanic eruption column. The deposits range from small volume, localized scoria and cinder cone accumulations to large volume sequences that mantle topography over large distances (Lajoie and Stix, 1992)." 11.1.7.2. 4 unit Pyroclastic flow "Deposit formed by the lateral flowage of a turbulent mixture of hot gases and unsorted pyroclastic material (volcanic fragments, crystals, ash, pumice, and glass shards). Pyroclastic flows are dense and most are confined to valleys around a volcano. (U.S. Geological Survey, 2002)." 11.1.7.3. 4 unit Pyroclastic surge "Deposits formed by low-density variants of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic surges are of two types: ""hot"" pyroclastic surges that consist of ""dry"" clouds of rock debris and gases that have temperatures appreciably above 100 degrees C, and ""cold"" pyroclastic surges that consist of rock debris and steam or water at or below a temperature of 100 degrees C. Pyroclastic surges typically hug the ground and depending on their density and speed, may or may not be controlled by the underlying topography (U.S. Geological Survey, 2002)." 11.1.7.4. 4 unit Lahar "Mudflows and debris flows that originate from the slopes of a volcano (U.S. Geological Survey, 2002)." 11.1.8.. 3 unit Organic materials "Deposits primarily composed of the remains of organisms (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 11.1.8.1. 4 unit Peat "Organic soil material in which the original plant parts are recognizable (fibric material) (Soil Science Society of America, 1998)." 2 11.1.9.. 3 unit Residual material "Weathering product remaining in situ following alteration of the parent material by the action of chemical and/or physical weathering processes (McMillan and Powell, 1999)." 1 11.2.9.. 2 unit Anthropogenic unconsolidated sediments Deposits of unconsolidated fragmental material formed by human activity. 1 11.2.1.. 3 unit Made ground "Areas where the ground is known to have been deposited by man on the former, natural ground surface: road, rail, reservoir and screening embankments; flood defenses; spoil (waste) heaps; coastal reclamation fill; offshore dumping grounds; constructional fill (McMillan and Powell, 1999)." 2 11.2.2.. 3 unit Disturbed ground "Areas of surface and near-surface mineral workings where ill-defined excavations, areas of man-induced subsidence caused by the workings and spoil are complexly associated with each other, for example collapsed bell pits and shallow mine workings (McMillan and Powell, 1999)." 11.3.2.. 2 unit Deposits of unclassified origin A term for unconsolidated materials described only by particle size; genetic classification of materials not provided. 11.3.1.. 3 unit Gravel "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel is equal to or greater than 80 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.2.. 3 unit Muddy gravel "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between 30 and 80 and the sand:mud ratio is less than 1:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.3.. 3 unit Muddy sandy gravel "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between 30 and 80 and the sand:mud ratio is varies from 1:1 to 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.4.. 3 unit Sandy gravel "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between 30 and 80 and the sand:mud ratio is greater than 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.5.. 3 unit Gravelly mud "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between 5 and 30 and the sand:mud ratio is less than 1:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.6.. 3 unit Gravelly muddy sand "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between 5 and 30 and the sand:mud ratio is varies from 1:1 to 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.7.. 3 unit Gravelly sand "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between 5 and 30 and the sand:mud ratio is greater than 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.8.. 3 unit Slightly gravelly mud "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between trace (0.01) and 30 and the sand:mud ratio is less than 1:9 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.9.. 3 unit Slightly gravelly sandy mud "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between trace (0.01) and 30 and the sand:mud ratio varies from 1:9 to 1:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.10.. 3 unit Slightly gravelly muddy sand "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between trace (0.01) and 30 and the sand:mud ratio varies from 1:1 to 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.11.. 3 unit Slightly gravelly sand "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel varies between trace (0.01) and 30 and the sand:mud ratio greater than 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.12.. 3 unit Mud (silt and clay) "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel is below a trace (0.01) and the sand:mud ratio is less than 1:9 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.13.. 3 unit Sandy mud "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel is below a trace (0.01) and the sand:mud ratio varies from 1:9 to 1:1 (Folk, 1974, p. 28)." 11.3.14.. 3 unit Muddy sand "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel is below a trace (0.01) and the sand:mud ratio varies from 1:1 to 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.15.. 3 unit Sand "Mixture of gravel, sand, and mud; the percent gravel is below a trace (0.01) and the sand:mud ratio greater than 9:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.16.. 3 unit Clayey sand "Mixture of sand, silt, and clay; the percent sand varies from 50 to 90 and the clay:silt ratio is greater than 2:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.17.. 3 unit Silty sand "Mixture of sand, silt, and clay; the percent sand varies from 50 to 90 and the clay:silt ratio is less than 1:2 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.18.. 3 unit Sandy clay "Mixture of sand, silt, and clay; the percent sand varies from 10 to 50 and the clay:silt ratio is greater than 2:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.19.. 3 unit Sandy silty "Mixture of sand, silt, and clay; the percent sand varies from 10 to 50 and the clay:silt ratio is less than 1:2 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.20.. 3 unit Clay "Mixture of sand, silt, and clay; the percent sand is less than 10 and the clay:silt ratio is greater than 2:1 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 11.3.21.. 3 unit Silt "Mixture of sand, silt, and clay; the percent sand is less than 10 and the clay:silt ratio is less than 1:2 (fig. B-14; Folk, 1974)." 12.... 1 unit Igneous plutonic and metamorphic rocks A collective term for suite of igneous plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Igneous plutonic rocks make up more than half of the suite. 1 13.... 1 unit Metamorphic and igneous plutonic rocks A collective term for suite of metamorphic and igneous plutonic rocks. Metamorphic rocks make up more than half of the suite. 1 14.... 1 unit Volcanic and sedimentary rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of igneous volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Igneous volcanic rocks make up more than half of the succession. 15.... 1 unit Metamorphosed volcanic and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks A collective term for suite of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Metamorphosed volcanic rocks make up more than half of the suite. 16.... 1 unit Sedimentary and volcanic rocks A collective term for a layered sequence of sedimentary and igneous volcanic rocks. Sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the succession. 17.... 1 unit Metamorphosed sedimentary and metamorphosed volcanic rocks A collective term for suite of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Metamorphosed sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the suite. 1 18.... 1 unit Plutonic and volcanic rocks A collective term for a suite of igneous plutonic and volcanic rocks. Igneous plutonic rocks make up more than half of the suite. 19.... 1 unit Volcanic and unconsolidated rocks A collective term for a suite of igneous volcanic rocks and unconsolidated deposits. Igneous volcanic rocks make up more than half of the suite. 1 20.... 1 unit Unconsolidated and volcanic rocks A collective term for a suite of unconsolidated deposits and igneous volcanic rocks. Unconsolidated deposits make up more than half of the suite. 21.... 1 unit Igneous plutonic and igneous other rocks A collective term for a suite of igneous rocks that contains igneous plutonic rocks that can be classified using the QAPF or ultramafic modal classification schemes as well as igneous rocks that cannot be named using these approaches. See definitions for igneous-plutonic and igneous-other. 22.... 1 unit Unconsolidated and sedimentary rocks A collective term for a suite of unconsolidated deposits and sedimentary rocks. Unconsolidated deposits make up more than half of the suite. 23.... 1 unit Volcanic and metamorphic rocks A collective term for a suite of igneous volcanic and metamorphic rocks. Volcanic rocks make up more than half of the suite. 24.... 1 unit Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks A collective term for a suite of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks make up more than half of the suite. 25.... 1 rock Structurally modified rocks A collective term for rocks that can be described by fabrics developed during deformation. No compositional information is indicated. 25.1... 2 rock Tectonite "Any rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation; a rock whose fabric clearly displays coordinated geometric features that indicate continuous solid flow during formation (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 3 25.1.1.. 3 rock Tectonic mélange "A body of rock produced by tectonic processes that is characterized by a lack of internal continuity of contacts or strata and by the inclusion of fragments and blocks of all sizes, both exotic and native, embedded in a fragmental matrix of finer-grained material (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 1 25.1.2.. 3 rock Cataclasite "A rock containing angular fragments that have been produced by the crushing and fracturing of preexisting rocks as a result of mechanical forces in the crust; a metamorphic rock produced by cataclasis. Its fabric is a structureless rock powder (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 1 25.1.3.. 3 rock Phyllonite "A rock that macroscopically resembles phyllite but that is formed by mechanical degradation (mylonization) of initially coarser rocks (e.g. graywacke, granite, or gneiss). Silky films of recrystallized mica or chlorite, smeared out along schistosity surfaces, and formation by dislocation metamorphism are characteristic (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 25.1.4.. 3 rock Mylonite "A compact, chertlike rock without cleavage, but with a streaky or banded structure, produced by the extreme granulation and shearing of rocks that have been pulverized and rolled during overthrusting or intense dynamic metamorphism (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 8 25.1.5.. 3 rock Ultramylonite "An ultra-crushed variety of mylonite, in which primary structures and porphyroclasts have been obliterated so that the rock becomes homogeneous and dense, with little if any parallel structure (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 25.1.6.. 3 rock Pseudotachylyte "A dense rock produced in the compression and shear associated with intense fault movements, involving extreme mylonitization and/or partial melting (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 25.1.7.. 3 rock Tectonic breccia "A breccia formed as a result of crustal movements, usually developed from brittle rocks (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 1 25.1.8.. 3 rock Gouge "Soft, uncemented pulverized clayey or claylike material, commonly a mixture of minerals in finely divided form, found along some faults or between the walls of a fault, and filling or partly filling a fault zone (Bates and Jackson, 1987)." 2129