bh_1mBS.tif: Backscatter Imagery from Sidescan Sonar 1 meter/pixel of Boston Harbor and Approaches
image of GIS layer

Data format: Raster Dataset - TIFF

File or table name: bh_1mBS.tif

Coordinate system: Universal Transverse Mercator

Theme keywords: U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, CMGP, Woods Hole Science Center, WHSC, Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, CZM, Seafloor, Marine Geology, Sidescan, Sidescan Sonar, Edgetech, 272-T, Klein, 5500, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, National Ocean Service, NOS, NOAA Ship Whiting, Hydrographic Survey, GeoTIFF image, greyscale image, oceans and estuaries, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, geoscientificinformation
Abstract: These data are high-resolution acoustic backscatter measurements of the seafloor from Boston Harbor and the harbor approaches, Massachusetts. Approximately 170 km² of sidescan sonar data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Whiting in 2000 and 2001 and reprocessed by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

FGDC and ESRI Metadata:
Metadata elements shown with blue text are defined in the Federal Geographic Data Committee's (FGDC) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM). Elements shown with green text are defined in the ESRI Profile of the CSDGM. Elements shown with a green asterisk (*) will be automatically updated by ArcCatalog. ArcCatalog adds hints indicating which FGDC elements are mandatory; these are shown with gray text.
Identification Information:


Citation:
Citation information:
Originators: Seth Ackerman


Title:
bh_1mBS.tif: Backscatter Imagery from Sidescan Sonar 1 meter/pixel of Boston Harbor and Approaches
*File or table name: bh_1mBS.tif


Publication date: 2006
*Geospatial data presentation form: remote-sensing image


Series information:
Series name: Open-File Report
Issue identification: 2006-1008

Publication information:
Publication place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/gis/datazipped/bh_1mbs.zip


Larger work citation:
Citation information:
Originators: Ackerman, S.D., Butman, B., Barnhardt, W.B., Danforth, W.W., Crocker, J.M.


Title:
High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Boston Harbor and Approaches, Massachusetts


Publication date: 2006


Series information:
Series name: Open-File Report
Issue identification: 2006-1008

Publication information:
Publication place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Other citation details:
1 DVD-ROM


Online linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008


Description:
Abstract:
These data are high-resolution acoustic backscatter measurements of the seafloor from Boston Harbor and the harbor approaches, Massachusetts.  Approximately 170 km² of sidescan sonar data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Whiting in 2000 and 2001 and reprocessed by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Purpose:
These data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) branch as part of their periodic hydrographic mapping for nautical charting.  The raw datasets were provided by NOAA to the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Woods Hole, MA as part of a cooperative agreement to provide high resolution bathymetry and backscatter intensity maps and digital GIS information for resource management, scientific research, industry and the public.

*Language of dataset: en


Time period of content:
Time period information:
Range of dates/times:
Beginning date: 20000919
Ending date: 20011030

Currentness reference:
ground condition

Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance and update frequency: None planned

Spatial domain:
Bounding coordinates:
*West bounding coordinate: -71.066756
*East bounding coordinate: -70.806420
*North bounding coordinate: 42.438013
*South bounding coordinate: 42.253690

Local bounding coordinates:
*Left bounding coordinate: 330000.000000
*Right bounding coordinate: 351000.000000
*Top bounding coordinate: 4700000.000000
*Bottom bounding coordinate: 4680000.000000

Keywords:
Theme:
Theme keywords: U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, CMGP, Woods Hole Science Center, WHSC, Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, CZM, Seafloor, Marine Geology, Sidescan, Sidescan Sonar, Edgetech, 272-T, Klein, 5500, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, National Ocean Service, NOS, NOAA Ship Whiting, Hydrographic Survey, GeoTIFF image, greyscale image
Theme keyword thesaurus: General

Theme:
Theme keywords: oceans and estuaries, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, geoscientificinformation
Theme keyword thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Place:
Place keywords: Massachusetts Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Boston Harbor, Nahant, Boston, Hull, Hubline, Boston Harbor Islands
Place keyword thesaurus: General

Stratum:
Stratum keywords: Seafloor
Stratum keyword thesaurus: General

Access constraints: None
Use constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution.  Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.

Point of contact:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


*Native dataset format: Raster Dataset
*Native data set environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722


Back to Top
Data Quality Information:


Logical consistency report:
These data have not been quantitatively compared to previous hydrographic data, although they generally agree with qualitative comparison of published NOAA charts.

Positional accuracy:
Horizontal positional accuracy:
Horizontal positional accuracy report:
All of the NOAA survey vessels were equipped with Trimble DSM212L Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receivers.  Launch 1005, which collected all of the multibeam bathymetry, was also equipped with a TSS POS/MV Model 320 (Position and Orientation System for Marine Vessels).  Standard bathymetric processing, including tide corrections, soundings accuracy, and quality control were done by the NOAA Office of Coast Survey.

Lineage:
Source information:
Type of source media: External Hard Drive
Source contribution:
The original geophysical data for this project were collected during four hydrographic surveys conducted by NOAA NOS in 2000 and 2001 on the NOAA Ship Whiting and its launches 1005/1014.  Multibeam bathymetric data were acquired with a Reson SeaBat 8101 and sidescan sonar backscatter data were acquired with Edgetech model 272-T (100 kHz) or the Klein T-5500 (455 kHz) sonar systems.

Source time period of content:
Time period information:
Range of dates/times:
Beginning date: 20000919
Ending date: 20011030

Source currentness reference:
ground condition

Process step:
Process description:
Sidescan data were acquired by NOAA NOS with the Edgetech model 272-T (100 kHz) or the Klein T-5500 (455 kHz) sidescan sonar systems. Equipment was either hull mounted or towed. Range, layback, gain and other acquisition parameters varied and were adjusted accordingly in the acquisition software.  Raw .xtf sonar files were transferred from NOAA NOS to the USGS/CZM.

Process step:
Process description:
The raw sidescan-sonar data were processed using XSonar/ShowImage software. The processing steps included demultiplexing the raw sidescan data using a median filtering routine to suppress speckle noise, a file check of navigation points to delete repeated fixes or other logging errors, correct for slant-range distortion, signal attenuation, and dropped sonar lines (Danforth, W.W., 1997, Xsonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-686, 77 p.).

Process contact:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
c/o U.S. Geological Survey
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


Process step:
Process description:
PCI Geomatics is a commercially available software package used to digitally mosaic sidescan-sonar records. The geographically oriented raster imagery is imported as individual line files. Adjacent sidescan-sonar records are compared to establish ground control points at common target locations. This helps to correct for navigational errors and potential feature offset due to undefined layback of the tow vehicle. A stencil line is drawn around an individual swath record to crop and paste it on an adjacent swath. This procedure is repeated for each sidescan-sonar line swath to form a composite digital mosaic of the area.

Process contact:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
c/o U.S. Geological Survey
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


Process step:
Process description:
A linear stretch was applied in to the sidescan sonar image to make adjacent areas mapped with different sonar systems internally consistent. The processed data from a given system, in many cases, were constrained to a limited range of backscatter intensity values.  Adjustments were made to the greyscale imagery to tone-match and keep each survey internally consistent.  The process described above for mosaicking in PCI was then repeated of each area mapped by a specific system and the patchwork of sidescan sonar images were combined into a composite image for the entire study area.

Process contact:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
c/o U.S. Geological Survey
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


Process step:
Process description:
A linear contrast stretch was applied to the final image.  The lightest and darkest pixel levels were clipped to the upper and lower limits of the image's histogram.  This redistributed the remaining levels between 0-255.  The redistribution increases the tonal range of the image, improving the visual contrast between areas that originally had small tonal differences.

Process contact:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
c/o U.S. Geological Survey
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


Back to Top
Spatial Data Organization Information:


*Direct spatial reference method: Raster


Raster object information:
*Image format: TIFF
*Number of bands: 1


*Row count: 20000
*Column count: 21000
*Vertical count: 1


*Cell size X direction: 1.000000
*Cell size Y direction: 1.000000


*Bits per pixel: 8
*Pyramid layers: TRUE
*Image colormap: FALSE
*Compression type: None


*Raster object type: Pixel
*Raster display type: pixel codes
*Raster origin: Upper Left


Back to Top
Spatial Reference Information:


Horizontal coordinate system definition:
Coordinate system name:
*Projected coordinate system name: WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_19N
*Geographic coordinate system name: GCS_WGS_1984

Planar:
Grid coordinate system:
*Grid coordinate system name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal Transverse Mercator:
*UTM zone number: 19
Transverse mercator:
*Scale factor at central meridian: 0.999600
*Longitude of central meridian: -69.000000
*Latitude of projection origin: 0.000000
*False easting: 500000.000000
*False northing: 0.000000

Planar coordinate information:
*Planar coordinate encoding method: row and column
Coordinate representation:
*Abscissa resolution: 1.000000
*Ordinate resolution: 1.000000
*Planar distance units: meters

Geodetic model:
*Horizontal datum name: D_WGS_1984
*Ellipsoid name: WGS_1984
*Semi-major axis: 6378137.000000
*Denominator of flattening ratio: 298.257224

Back to Top
Entity and Attribute Information:


Detailed description:
*Name: Band_1


Entity type:
*Entity type label: Band_1

Attribute:
*Attribute label: ObjectID
*Attribute definition:
Internal feature number.
*Attribute definition source:
ESRI

Attribute domain values:
*Unrepresentable domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.


Attribute:
*Attribute label: Value


Attribute:
*Attribute label: Count


Back to Top
Distribution Information:


Distributor:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
c/o U.S. Geological Survey
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


Resource description: Downloadable Data


Distribution liability:
Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials.  The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard order process:
Digital form:
Digital transfer information:
Format name: TIFF
Format version number: ArcGIS 9.0
Format specification:
GeoTIFF
File decompression technique: no compression applied
*Transfer size: 400.54
*Dataset size: 0.000

Digital transfer option:
Online option:
Computer contact information:
Network address:
Network resource name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/gis/datazipped/bh_1mbs.zip>
Network resource name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/html/appendix1.html>
Network resource name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/gis/OFR_2006_1008/images/backscatter/>

Offline option:
Offline media: DVD-ROM
Recording format: UDF

Fees: None


Technical prerequisites:
This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.


Back to Top
Metadata Reference Information:


*Metadata date: 20060807


*Language of metadata: en


Metadata contact:
Contact information:
Contact person primary:
Contact person: Seth Ackerman
Contact organization: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Contact position: Geologist


Contact address:
Address type: mailing and physical address
Address:
c/o U.S. Geological Survey
Address:
384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State or province: MA
Postal code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact voice telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact facsimile telephone: 508-457-2310


Contact electronic mail address: seth.ackerman@state.ma.us


*Metadata standard name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
*Metadata standard version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
*Metadata time convention: local time


Metadata access constraints: None
Metadata use constraints:
None


Metadata extensions:
*Online linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
*Profile name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Back to Top
Binary Enclosures:


Thumbnail:
Enclosure type: Picture



Back to Top