Year |
Mo |
Dy |
Hr |
Mi |
Lat |
Lon |
Dep |
M |
Summary |
734 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
31.600 |
60.500 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
“c. 734. Sistan. An earthquake ‘such as no one had experienced before’ devastated Sistan in the period 111 - 120 H. It is probable that Zarang, capital of the province, was particularly affected.” (Ambraseys and Melville, 1982) |
805 |
12 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
29.500 |
60.500 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
|
815 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
29.500 |
60.500 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
“815. Sistan. In 199 H. the third destructive earthquake in eighty years occurred in Sistan.” (Ambraseys and Melville, 1982) |
819 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36.400 |
65.400 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
“The earliest earthquake in Afghanistan for which we have information occurred in Dhu'l-Hijja 20 aH = June 819, in the region between modern Meymaneh, Andkhvoy and Mazar-i Sharif. It affected a large area in which many houses were destroyed, with heavy casualties affecting severely other urban centers many tens of kilometres apart, including Faryab (36.42N, 64.91), Taliqan (35.78N, 64.16E) and others which are not named in the districts of Juzjan in the west, and Tukharistan in the east of these places. The shock destroyed a quarter of the city of Balkh (36.75N, 66.90E) and ruined the masjid-i jami there.
“As a result of the earthquake the desert of Sidreh (36.75N, 66.22E) which lies between Shaburghan (36.67N, 65.74E) and Balkh, was flooded by an excessive rise of the water table, which in places turned the country into a fertile area. Some of this flooding seems to have been permanent resulting in creation of new oases.
“The shock was felt in Marv (37.56N, 63.32E) and probably also at Amul (39.11N, 63.57E) and Transoxania. Aftershocks lasted for a month or so. That this earthquake is mentioned by several sources suggests its importance, and from the radius of the felt area we assess a magnitude of Ms7.4.
“Damage in both Transoxania and the towns of Faryab and Taliqan to the west, is considered unlikely, and it is possible that Ma vara'al-nahr (Transoxania) mentioned in some early sources should stand for Marv al-Rud, or Lesser Marv, i.e. Bala Murghab, which is confirmed by Qudama who says that the regions of Marv and Tukharistan were affected, and probably also Amol. An earthquake of this magnitude would certainly have been felt across the Oxus, but probably without damage.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
819. “Balkh - Taliqan. In Dhu’ I-Hijja 203 a catastrophic earthquake in eastern Khurasan destroyed a quarter of the city of Balkh and ruined the masjid-i jami‘ there. Other places severely affected were the towns of Faryab (Daulatabad) and Taliqan (Qal‘eh Vali) and the districts of Juzjan in the west and Tukharistan in the east. Many houses were destroyed, with heavy casualties in these areas. The shock was also felt in Marv and Transoxania. As a result of the earthquake the desert at Sidreh between Shaburqan and Balkh was flooded by an excessive rise of the water table, which turned the country into a fertile area. Aftershocks lasted for a long time.” (Ambraseys and Melville, 1982) |
840 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
35.200 |
60.400 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
“840. “Ahvaz. In 225 H. there was a destructive earthquake in the Zagros. In Ahvaz many houses, including the masjid-i jami‘, were destroyed and the people left the city. The hill overlooking Ahvaz was fissured. Aftershocks continued for some time.” (Ambraseys and Melville, 1982) |
849 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
34.300 |
62.200 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
“A series of earthquakes was reported from Herat; information from other areas is lacking. The first damaging shock in Herat in 234 aH = 849 caused some houses to collapse. It is most likely the reference is to Herat in Afghanistan, but it should be borne in mind that there was also a town of this name in Fars, near Istakhr.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1102 |
2 |
28 |
18 |
0 |
34.400 |
62.200 |
15.0 |
6.1 |
“This second Herat earthquake destroyed a number of houses and other buildings, including heavy damage to the masjid-i jami, with some casualties in the city. On the night of Friday 8 Jumada I, 495, there was a calamity (nazileh) in Herat; the western side of the mosque and most of the northern and southern sides were destroyed. A rather different version specifies that a strong shock, with a north-south motion, caused the collapse of many buildings in Herat, the masjid-i jami suffering heavy damage. The closeness of nazileh to zalzaleh (earthquake), and the apparent support of this reading in a variant text, confirms that an earthquake was responsible for the damage.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1364 |
2 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
34.900 |
61.700 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
“On 6 Jumada I, 765 = 19 February 1364 a third destructive earthquake occurred in Herat. Most of the buildings in the city were ruined, particularly the tall structures. The shock caused the battlements to fall from the ramparts and several meters fell from the top of the Falak al-Din minaret. The masjid-i jami in the city was again damaged; the main arch collapsed although its two supporting pillars remained intact.
“The information about this earthquake suggest that the shock originated some distance from Herat possibly in the Gulran district, with damage in Herat caused by long-period ground movements.
It is important to note, that in spite of the prominence on Herat during the middle ages, no information regarding serious damage has been found in the voluminous source material.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1410 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36.700 |
66.800 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
“Earthquakes were felt in Balkh (36.75N, 66.90E) and Bukhara (39.77N, 64.42E). Landslides in the mountains dammed streams to form a deep lake at a place which is not given. It is not possible to assess the effects of the earthquake on the cities mentioned. Balkh and Bukhara were both brought under the authority of Shah Rukh this year, but there is no reference to the earthquake in any of the Persian and Timourid sources * * *. Damage to Balkh cannot have been serious or one would expect it to have been more widely described in historic materials.
“The earthquake is comparable to the event of A.D. 819 in the extent of the area affected and the number of shocks experienced. The mention of mountains in this region suggest an epicentral region east of Bukhara.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1428 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
35.800 |
64.200 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
“All that is known about this event is that in the year 831 aH = 1428, there was an earthquake in Taliqan, with shocks lasting 10 days, in which many people were killed . Even the location can be questioned, since Taliqan of Qazvin or Talikan of Merv may have been shaken, both areas being almost equally seismically active. Earthquakes in Merv are more likely to have been recorded than those further west at this period, and as al-Umari's source may have been the same as for the 1410 event, a tentative location of this event in northern Afghanistan may be preferred.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a.) |
1505 |
7 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
34.500 |
69.100 |
0.0 |
7.3 |
“For this earthquake (3rd Safar 911 aH, or 6 July 1505) we have an eyewitness account. In Kabul (34.53N, 69.13E) the shocks ruined the ramparts of the fort, even the walls of gardens. Paghman (34.58N, 68.95E) was particularly badly affected, all houses there being destroyed and 70 or 80 people were killed, with numerous casualties in nearby towns and villages. Most of the houses in Tipa (Tibah, 34.68N, 69.01E)) were leveled with the ground.
“Between Istarghach (Istarghij, 34.91N, 69.07E) and the plain (maidan) for about 6 or 8 farsakhs (31 to 42 km), in some places the ground rose as high as an elephant, in others, sank as deep. It is not clear from the text whether maidan here refers to the plain or to the town of Maidan (shahr) which is at the southern end of the Paghman range, west southwest of Kabul. Villages and groves slipped from their place and many rising grounds were leveled and dust rose from the tops of the mountains. Between Paghaman and Begtut, the valley just north of Paghaman, there was a landslide, where water springs emerged to the surface. Thirty three aftershocks are reported on the day of the earthquake with two or three a day, for the next month.
“A greatly abbreviated notice of this earthquake in Kabul is given also by al-Asafi, who puts the event in 912 aH (1506) and says that destruction was general among citadels (qal'at) and houses in which many people perished.
“At the time of the earthquake, Babur was outside Kabul, preparing for his campaign against Kandahar; it took him about a month of hard work to repair the fort (Bala Hissar) at Kabul. We have no information of the effects of the earthquake from other places and is not known how far the shock was felt. Babur's memoirs do not mention any damage or repairs in other places through which he traveled during his campaign against Kandahar.
“Baird-Smith assumes that the effects of the shock extended hundreds of kilometres to Kandahar, Ghazni and Jalalabad for which we could find no evidence, while other modern writers confuse the word qal'at mentioned by al-Asafi with the town of Qalat north-east of Kandahar. The available information clearly suggests that the earthquake was associated with at least 40 km long surface rupture of the Paghman fault, 20 km north-west of Kabul, which strikes N20°E. Much of the destruction was reported from Istargij, Tibeh to Paghman, localities which lie along the fault. Vertical offset on the fault appears to have been approximately 3 m. An unknown amount of strike-slip faulting may also have occurred.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1519 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
35.000 |
71.500 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
“There is little macroseismic information about this earthquake in north-east Afghanistan. It is mentioned in the sources that describe Babur's campaigns to Swat; they say that the earthquake occurred on Monday, 1st Muharram 925 (3 Jan. 1519) in the direction of the region adjoining Bajaur (c.34.9N, 71.4E), and that it lasted half an hour (sic); after the earthquake Babur conquered the citadel of Bajaur.
“The region meant here should be along the middle course of the river Kunar, north-east of Jalalabad (34.43N, 70.45E) near Arandu (35.32-71.56). The survival of this notice in the sources suggests that the earthquake, which occurred in this sparsely populated and mountainous area, was a relatively large event.
“Wilson commits a double error with this earthquake: he reads Bujnurd for Bajaur, places the event in Iran, and confuses this earthquake with that of Kabul in 1505. The quality of the data allows only an estimate of the general location of the event, which may have occurred on the Kunar fault, but it does not permit an accurate assessment of its presumably sizable magnitude.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1549 |
2 |
15 |
24 |
0 |
33.700 |
60.000 |
0.0 |
6.7 |
“1549 February 15. Eastern Qayin. On the night of Wednesday 17 Muharram 956 there was a major earthquake in the region of Qayin. The shock completely destroyed five villages, possibly in the Zirkuh district, with the loss of 3000 lives. Qayin itself, presumably some distance from the epicentral region, does not seem to have been seriously affected by the earthquake. The event was predicted by a local astrologer, who was himself killed.” (Ambraseys and Melville, 1982) |
1832 |
1 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
36.500 |
71.000 |
180.0 |
7.4 |
“This was a large earthquake with an apparent epicentral area in the district of Badakhshan in northeastern Afghanistan. It occurred at 11 pm local time on 22 January 1832, and together with its damaging aftershock of 21 February destroyed most of the villages in the district, allegedly killing thousands of people.
“In Kalafgan (36.77-69.93) all forts and houses were destroyed and many lost their lives. In Jorm (36.84-70.7) 35 km east of Kalafgan, houses collapsed and 12 people out of 25 were killed. From a total population of 310 in three nearby villages 156 were killed. In the valley of Kowkcheh (36.60-70.85) the shock triggered numerous rockfalls and in the neighbouring valley of Varaduj (36.68-71.13) a fort and houses were destroyed, and a whole mountain-side fell into the valley damming the river for eight days before the dam was breached. In the Sargulam valley, 72 of a population of 155 perished.
“The earthquake was felt strongly in Kabul (34.53-69.14), it caused some panic in Lahore (31.56-74.35) and it was reported from Srinagar (34.08N, 74.8E), Kokand (40.52-70.95) and Bukhara (39.78-64.43).
“The earthquake was felt over an area of 450 km radius, an indication which, on the authority of Musketof and Orloff * * *, Kondorskaya and Shebalin * * * is interpreted as a subcrustal event of focal depth of 180 km, consistent with depths of recent large events in the region. They assign to it an epicentral intensity of IX and a magnitude mb of 7.4.
“The earthquake was followed by a long series of aftershocks, one of which (21 Feb.) caused rockfalls that blocked valleys in Badakhshan, adding to the damage, a rather unusual characteristic of deep earthquakes.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1842 |
2 |
19 |
11 |
40 |
35.000 |
71.000 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
“This earthquake in north-east Afghanistan occurred during the second Afghan War on 19 February 1842. A famous account of the earthquake and its aftershocks are related by Lady Sale who was held hostage with her colleagues during the several months following the earthquake. On 5 January British forces had surrendered Kabul and began their retreat to Jalalabad, 120 km west of Kabul, still garrisoned by the British who had hastily restored its dilapidated defenses damaged by the earthquake. Much of what has been written about this earthquake is based on contemporary accounts and press reports and on less useful, later works and earthquake catalogs.
“The earthquake occurred at 11h 40m (sic) local time. At Jalalabad (34.43N, 70.45E) situated on the right bank of the Kabul river, ground movements were very strong; not a man could keep his legs; everyone was prostrated, and nausea affected all. The defenses of Jalalabad itself, which had just been repaired, were seriously affected. A substantial length (2.4 km) of the newly built parapets were damaged without loss of life. Several breaches were made in the old adobe bastions and in the curtains in the Peshawar (east) face. The Kabul gate was reduced to a shapeless mass of ruins. However, in a matter of days the damage was repaired.
“Within the walls a third of the local houses were destroyed, the collapse of tall houses choked the streets leaving no room for escape. Some people were injured but few of the inhabitants were killed. In the British garrison only 4 men were killed, and many were injured, but none seriously. On the whole, loss of life was small, compared to the nature and extent of damage. A report written after the earthquake contains a complete set of sketches indicating the extent of damage to the walls of Jalalabad. Outside of the walls, presumably along the river face, the ground opened in several places and water appeared on the surface. * * *. the waters of the Kabul river were twice thrown from their bed.
“North of Jalalabad the shock caused considerable damage to settlements on a portion of the Suffid Kuh range of mountains. In the regions of Laghan and Kunar, villages were ruined killing dozens of children and women. The large settlements of Chaharbag and Tigri in the Alingar valley suffered severely, scarcely a house being left standing, and several hundreds of people were killed.
“Further to the north, damage was considerable in the fort of Budeeabad where several English prisoners (including Eyre and Lady Sale) were confined. The motion of the ground was so severe that people could only with difficulty maintain their balance. Walls, gateways and corner towers, were all much shaken, or thrown down. Almost all the houses in the fort were damaged and a few collapsed, but all hostages entirely escaped injury. Eyewitness accounts indicated that the fort of Budeeabad had suffered less than the other 40 forts in the valley. In one fort a tower fell, killing five people, others had not a wall remaining.
“Along the valley from Buddeabad to Tigri, none of the forts escaped damage, with few inhabitable, and mostly masses of ruins. In the Kunar valley, where the shock triggered landslides and rockfalls from the hills, the forts of Shewa and Pashat were totally destroyed.
“Outside this region, damage was far less severe but widespread. To the west, some parts of the fort of Tezeen is said to have been destroyed, while at Kabul the shock caused little more than general panic; the walls of the European ward, were badly shaken and came down a few days later. There is no evidence that Kabul and its fort needed any repairs after it was re-taken by the British forces on 15 Sep 1842. Nor are there damage reports from Argandeh, Bala Maidan and Jalriz, west of Kabul, where the shock caused some concern, but details are lacking.
“It appears that the effects of the earthquake extended more to the east of the Laghan-Kunar region. At the camp of Kawulsur, 13 km from Peshawar, the shock was violent. Many of the camels that were carrying the baggage of the troops were thrown down, people were obliged to support themselves, and many suffered severe nausea.
“According to press reports from Peshawar, the largest urban center east of the apparent epicentral region, the shock lasted intermittently for almost two minutes and destroyed one tenth of its adobe houses killing 40 to 50 people. There is some evidence that some small damage extended to Kalabagh, particularly in the part of the town on the right bank of the Indus, but it is not certain whether this was due to the earthquake, to the great flood of the Indus in 1842, or to both.
“Interestingly several reports have survived for this earthquake recorded at remote distances from the epicenter, implying that the magnitude of the earthquake was considerable. At Shalkur, in Little Tibet near Skardu, at an epicentral distance of 410 km, the shock was strong enough to be mentioned in official dispatches. Although we have no information about damage between Kalabagh and Ferozopore, at Ferozopore (560 km) the shock was widely felt and it was rather strong. At Ludiana (650 km) it lasted more than 90 seconds.
“Eastward along the Himalayan front it was felt at Lansdour and Dehra. At Simla (720 km) the earthquake was barely perceptible; however, it disturbed the records in the magnetic observatory. Mussoorie (820 km) was the most easterly limit of the earthquake where the shock was perceptible.
“In the plains fronting the Himalaya the shock was barely felt but at Poojna and along the Doab Canal at Kulsea (860 km). There, the water in the canal was unusually muddy and was disturbed by a high swell. The shock was felt at Saharanpur (860 km) but attracted no particular attention. In Delhi (910 km) the shock was generally felt. About 30 km south-west of Delhi, at Sonub (930 km), the shock was not felt but allegedly was responsible for a change in the flow rate of a hot spring.
“To the south and southeast of the epicenter the shock was felt slightly at Quetta (650 km) and it was scarcely felt in the Sind (1100 km) .
“Although it is not clear as to precisely where the epicentral area was located, from the evidence available some reasonable deductions can be made. We know that maximum damage occurred over a large area in the eastern Laghan and Kunar regions between Budeeabad, Jalalabad and Pashtat, which could have well extended toward the north-east into an area from where we have no information. It is unlikely that the epicentral area extended to the south-east along the supply route of the British forces, and most certainly it did not extend much to the west; significant damage apparently did not extend to Tezeen and beyond Kabul.
“These observations and the fact that all known aftershocks were reported from the Jalalabad-Budeeabad region, very few from Peshawar to the eastward, and none to the westward suggest that the location of the epicentral region must be sought in eastern Laghan in the Kunar district, possibly associated with oblique thrust faulting along the southern section of the Kunar fault system about 35.0N, 71.0E.
“Aftershocks continued to the beginning of the following year, most of them being strong to damaging chiefly in the region of Jalalabad. The large number of aftershocks and the prolonged duration of the aftershock sequence which extended for months, suggest a crustal event.
“From the area within which the earthquake was felt we estimate the surface wave magnitude of this event to be MS 7.5.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1874 |
10 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
35.100 |
69.200 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
“Little is known about this earthquake which on 18 October 1874 caused serious damage in the region north of Kabul. According to local sources it occurred on an afternoon during Ramadan about the middle of Sher Ali Khan's reign. This is consistent with the date of an earthquake in Kabul on 18 October 1874 reported in the press.
“The densely populated region of Kohestan (35.12N, 69.30E) and the nearby villages of Golbahar (35.14N, 69.30E) and Jabal Saraj (35.13N, 69.24E), 70 km north of Kabul, were almost totally destroyed with many casualties. The ground opened up, presumably due to liquefaction, in the vicinity of Jabal Saraj.
Press reports say that in Kabul (34.53N, 69.13E) more than 1000 houses were destroyed and many people were killed. However no corroborating evidence has been found to support this, and this statement may refer to the losses sustained in the Kohestan.
“Press reports add that the shock was felt at Sekunderabad (32.42N, 65.05E) and Kandahar (31.61N, 65.70E) about 490 km south of Kohestan. However, it is not clear which of the many Sekunderabads in Afghanistan and India is meant here. The shock was perceptible 530 km north of Kohestan, in Samarqand (39.66N, 66.95E) at 13h 30m lasting for 1-2 min. We can find no mention in consular dispatches from Mashhad of an earthquake having been felt in the city.
“The earthquake occurred near the north terminus of the Pagham fault, from where ground deformation was reported. Its magnitude may be assessed roughly from the area of perceptibility, which suggests MS 7.0.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1892 |
12 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
30.900 |
66.500 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
“The event occurred about 90 km northwest of Quetta, near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Aftershocks continued to be felt until the end of February 1893.
Old Chaman, the only large settlement and the head of the North-Western Railway line, which was at the time under construction, was almost totally destroyed without loss of life. The stations of Sanzal and Shalabagh, situated on either side of the 3.8-km-long Khojak tunnel and about 5 and 8 km from Old Chaman, were damaged. However, no locomotives and carriages at these places were overturned or derailed by the shock, and no water supply tanks along the track were destroyed. The tunnel itself was undamaged, but workmen engaged on the roofing were thrown from their scaffolds and the upper crenulations of the tunnel’s blockhouse were cracked. At Shalabagh and its vicinity the shock was strong enough to throw down several local houses, making many of them unsafe.
“Spin Baldak, a small fortified station in Afghanistan, about 20 km northwest of Chaman, was probably damaged. The country to the east of Old Chaman was very sparsely inhabited, and hence the limits of the damage area must probably remain unknown. After the earthquake, Chaman was relocated to its present position about 10 km further to the northwest of its old site.
“The shock was not felt over great distances; it was rather strong at Quetta, 90 km to the southeast, and probably it was also felt at Kandahar in Afghanistan, 115 km northwest of Old Chaman. We could find no evidence that the shock was felt along the Shalabagh section of the North-Western Railway, at Sibi, Jacobabad, or Sukkur.
“The earthquake was associated with surface faulting, with Old Chaman located directly on the active trace of the Chaman Fault. At a place outside of the Khojak tunnel, near the Chaman end, where the line emerges on the plain of Kandahar, the fault break crossed the railway track at 25° and followed the Khojak Range (north-northeast-south-southwest), about 4.8 km to the west of the southward continuation of the railway line. Where they crossed the fault, both the tracks and with their sleepers were buckled in the same manner, suggesting an oblique thrust with 60-75 cm left-lateral motion combined with 20-30 cm downthrown of the west block. From the length of the rail removed and from the obliquity of the fault trace, Griesbach estimated 75 cm of left-lateral slip, although from the numerical shortening of the rails and the obliquity in the photograph it is possible to derive a fault slip of just over 80 cm. The two nearest benchmarks on either side of the fault break that were checked by Egerton, the location of which are not given, show a difference of 4.3 m more than before the earthquake, indicating that either the western side was downthrown on the eastern side was raised, but it in not stated which side is relatively the higher. Conflicting with this observation, Davison pointed out that a revision of these levels shows the actual difference was not more than 5 cm.
“Egerton traced the fault break for several miles in both directions from its crossing with the railway lines, but it was not possible to trace the break to its end in either direction. To the north it passed from British territory into Afghanistan, and to the south it was lost in the snow of the Khowaja Amran peak, a distance that, measured on the map that accompanies his article, is approximately 16 km. However, Griesbach stated that the fault break was 32 km long, with displacement continuing out of sight to both north and south. He did not indicate on what he based this estimate.
* * * * * * *
“We calculated MS using the empirical formula of Ambraseys and Jackson, using the maximum length (60 km) and slip (75 cm) inferred for this event. The derived value of MS 6.8 is close to the instrumental value. This magnitude is smaller than earlier estimates by previous investigators but is consistent with the relatively small area from which the shock was reported felt.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1893 |
2 |
13 |
4 |
0 |
30.700 |
67.400 |
0.0 |
5.9 |
“This earthquake caused some concern at Chaman but no damage. In Quetta it was much stronger than the shock of 20 December 1892 which implies that this was not an aftershock but a separate event with an epicenter not far from the town. It may be the shock which is said to have caused damage at Pishin and Baghihindu sometime in early 1893 NT(47.470; 48.348-349).
“The earthquake was recorded at Strasbourg and if it be assumed that it occurred somewhere near Quetta, its magnitude should be about 5.9.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1901 |
10 |
17 |
5 |
57 |
31.000 |
68.400 |
0.0 |
6.1 |
“Little macroseismic information is available for this earthquake in the Loralai district, which destroyed several houses in the villages of Bori, Mula Sadik, and Surgundi Bala; the location of the last two sites is not certain. Fissures are said to have been formed in the mountains.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1903 |
12 |
23 |
3 |
0 |
29.500 |
67.500 |
0.0 |
5.9 |
“A damaging earthquake south of the Bolan Pass in the Dachhi plain caused the total collapse of about 60 houses in Dhadar, and many more were damaged, with loss of life. Damage extended to Sibi and to railway stations of the line to the Bolan Pass in the north and to Dingri in the south. The loss of property was estimated at about Rs 15,000.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1905 |
9 |
26 |
1 |
26 |
29.000 |
74.000 |
60.0 |
6.9 |
“For this earthquake we have relatively good macroseismic and instrumental data that place the event in the Sulaiman mountains. The shock caused severe damage in the region of Rakhni and Khan Mahomedkot. Minor damage was reported from Loralai, Barkhan, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Multan.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1906 |
10 |
24 |
15 |
39 |
36.500 |
68.000 |
32.0 |
6.8 |
“This was a large, globally-recorded earthquake with an epicenter somewhere on the border of Uzbekistan with Afghanistan. The shock was felt with low intensities within a radius of about 380 km: at Tsardzhui, Bukhara, Katta Kurgan, Samarkand, Tashkent, Khodzent (Leninabad 40.29N, 69.63E), Khorog, Kelif, Kerki, as far as Ufra (40.02N, 53.04E) but it was only at Aivadz (36.95N-68.95E) and Termez (37.22N, 67.27E) that the shock was strong enough to cause damage. We could find no macroseismic information from Afghanistan.
“Macroseismic information is insufficient to define an epicentral area; instrumental data merely confirm a general location in the region north of Termez.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1907 |
10 |
21 |
4 |
23 |
38.000 |
69.000 |
35.0 |
7.2 |
|
1907 |
10 |
23 |
20 |
25 |
37.650 |
65.400 |
30.0 |
6.1 |
“Little is known about the effects of this earthquake in the region of Kerki in Turkmenistan, except that it caused some damage at Kizil Ayak on the Amu Darya.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1908 |
3 |
5 |
2 |
20 |
30.200 |
67.700 |
0.0 |
6.4 |
“Preceded and followed by strong shock, an earthquake occurred in the Harnai valley, east of Quetta. Sharigh and villages to the southeast in the valley were ruined.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1909 |
7 |
7 |
21 |
37 |
36.500 |
70.500 |
230.0 |
7.6 |
“This earthquake, probably consisting of two events, one shallow and the other deep, was widely recorded one minute apart by the global seismographic network of the time. * * *
“Until recently, published macroseismic information exclusively derived from Russian territory north of the Amu Darya river, favors a deep location, not only because of the large area over which the earthquake was felt, but also because, in spite of its large magnitude, the shock did not cause damage anywhere in the territory. Along the alluvial valley of the Amu Darya river a few local houses suffered minor damaged in Patta Kesran (37.1, 67.2), Aivadj (36.98, 68.03) and Sarai Kamar (near Kirovabad 37.24, 69.09) but not in near-by Termez (37.2, 67.3) where the shock was rather strong but caused no damage. To the north of these places the earthquake was felt chiefly in alluvial valleys (Khorog (37.49, 71.55), Samarkand (39.66, 66.95), Khodzent (40.29, 69.63), and Kokand (40.53, 70.93)), which at great epicentral distances tend to enhance ground motions in large earthquakes. It was perceptible at Kerki (37.83, 65.20), Katta Kurgan (39.90, 66.25), Chust (41.00, 71.23) Andijan (40.79, 72.34) and Murgab (38.17, 73.95).
“This information has led to a macroseismic location near the large urban settlement of Aivadj on the Amu Darya, after which the Russian catalog names the event and assigns to it a magnitude mb of 7.7, and a radius of perceptibility of 700 km. However, unpublished reports of the Political Agents in India, Iran and the Hindu Kush, as well as the Indian press show that damage was serious south of the Amu Darya in Badakhshan (37.6, 70.8), in Afghanistan and in the region of the North-west Frontier. Maximum effects were reported along the Kunar valley, from Asmar (35.03, 71.36), Aradu (35.32, 71.31), Drosh (35.55, 71.80) as far north as Chitral (36.02, 71.75), and from the levy posts between these places.
“Unspecified damage, probably due to landslides and rockfalls, was also reported from Alpurai (34.90, 72.65), Karori (34.88, 72.76) and Besham (34.93, 72.87). The Lady Minto hospital in Swat (34.90, 72.49) was damaged and in villages between this place and Dir (35.20, 71.88) houses collapsed without fatalities.
“In the Northwest Frontier Province rockfalls destroyed levy posts, disrupted telephone lines and blocked many passes into Badakhshan where summer camps were destroyed. We have no information from Jalalabad in Afghanistan, but in Kabul (34.53, 69.14), several houses collapsed and about 10 persons were killed, in addition to many cattle.
“We have no details from Khost (33.3, 69.9) and Waziristan (32.9, 70.6) south of Jalalabad, except that the shock was felt in these regions. Because of hostilities access to these regions was restricted. Some houses were damaged in Kohat (33.60, 71.44 ) to the south, and in Gilgit to the NE (35.92, 74.29). To the west, in Lahore (31.56, 74.35) the shock was strong enough to awake people and cause some panic. The earthquake was felt strongly at Mussoorie (30.45, 78.08), it was reported from Srinagar (34.08, 74.81), and it was barely perceptible in Tashkent (41.31, 69.29).
“The earthquake was followed by many aftershocks which were reported from the upper Kunar region, the largest of which on 7 September caused some additional damage in Swat.
“We interpret this sequence to have been a double event consisting of a shallow earthquake that caused damage and aftershocks in the Kunar area, followed by a deep earthquake centered further west.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1909 |
10 |
20 |
23 |
41 |
30.000 |
68.000 |
60.0 |
7.0 |
“This earthquake caused extensive damage in the plain of Kachhi. The field study of the event was carried out by Heron, who did not visit the hilly tract surrounding the plain, where he said that no damage occurred and that the shock there passed almost unnoticed. He added that the shock does not seem to have been felt outside Baluchistan and the immediate contiguous portions of Sind and that no reports were received from any seismological stations in India. However, additional, but not very detailed, official information suggests that, in fact, the shock was widely felt, causing considerable concern and probably small damage over an area larger than that considered by Heron * * *. Maximum damage was reported from the Kachhi plain.
“In Bagh most of the rural adobe houses were destroyed, and 66 people were killed. Here the shock triggered flow slides and spreading of the ground, with some evidence of liquefaction. Bellpat was ruined, and 26 people were killed, 25 of whom perished in the railway station building, which collapsed.
“Muradwa was leveled with the ground, and 20 people were killed, including those in neighboring settlements. Shahpur was totally destroyed, with the loss of 102 lives. However, the tomb of Saiyd Hasan, a massive old construction made of kiln bricks, suffered little damage. Also better-built houses and corrugated iron sheds throughout the area were quite undamaged.
“Damage was widespread, but apparently not serious, in the Kachhi plain and further northwest and west of Sibi, in the region of Gugurt an Dadar. Damage in the form of wall cracks and fallen flat clay ceilings was reported form villages quite some distance from the epicentral area. The shock was strong at Quetta, Nushki, Khunzdar, and Dadar, and it was felt at Multan and Dera Ismail Khan, as well as in much of Baluchistan and in northern Sind, but details are lacking. The railway line that traverses the Kachhi Plain for a considerable distance suffered no damage.
“The shock caused extensive fissuring of the dry clay-surfaced ground around Shahpur and beyond within a narrow zone for a few miles. The tectonic origin of these features cannot be substantiated. The large magnitude of the earthquake and the elongated shape of its epicentral area * * * suggest a shallow event possibly associated with surface faulting.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1911 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
18 |
36.500 |
66.500 |
50.0 |
6.8 |
“This was a relatively large earthquake in northern Afghanistan, followed four hours later by an aftershock of Ms = 6.5. Macroseismic information is sparse, some of which is confused with the effects of the large (Ms = 8.3) Kebin earthquake two days later.
“Maximum damage in the January 1st earthquake sequence occurred between Feyzabad (37.12N, 70.56E), Khnabad (36.68N, 69.11E) and Kalan (35.19N, 69.23E). In the region of Kalan 60 houses collapsed killing 240 people; in Khanabad 70 houses were destroyed and twi [sic] people were killed, while in the region of Feyzabad houses, the number of which is not given,were ruined with fatalities. Damage extended to the region of Kabul (34.53N, 69.13), where about 300 houses collapsed killing 460 people.
“The shock was rather strong at Shuburghan (36.67N, 65.74E), Termez (37.22N, 67.28E) and Mazar-I Sharif (36.70N, 67.10), and less so at Kerki (37.82N, 65.20E) and Peshawar (34.01N, 71.54E). At Takhtebazar (35.96N, 62.91E) lamps were set swinging and plaster fell off ceilings. At nearby Kushka (35.31N, 62.41E) the earthquake was hardly felt but it was noticed because of the swinging of lamps. The shock was generally noticed in Bukhara (39.77N, 64.42E) and Kattakurgan (39.90N, 66.25E), but it was hardly perceptible in Tashkent (41.31N, 69.30), Samarqand (39.66N, 66.96E) and Kushka. The India Office consular correspondence gives no evidence the shock to have been felt at Herat (34.14N, 62.17E) or at Mashhad (36.16N, 59.51E). It is important to point out that far-field information comes chiefly from sites on alluvial basins that could have enhanced ground motions at large distances.
“The epicentral area of the earthquake that can be assessed from macroseismic information, therefore, must be sought near 36.0N, 70.0E, but it is not clear whether it belongs to the first or to the second shock.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1911 |
7 |
4 |
13 |
33 |
36.000 |
70.500 |
190.0 |
7.4 |
|
1918 |
3 |
24 |
23 |
14 |
34.900 |
60.700 |
0.0 |
6.0 |
|
1918 |
11 |
29 |
10 |
41 |
32.700 |
67.700 |
0.0 |
6.2 |
“A violent earthquake took place in Afghanistan, between Kalat-i Ghilzai (32.11N, 66.90E) and Ghazni (33.56N, 68.42E) causing many deaths due to the collapse of houses. It is also said to have increased the flow of water in springs and qanats, and that even some dry qanats begun to yield water. The shock was strong at Jabal Saraj (35.13N, 69.24E) where some walls were thrown down.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1921 |
11 |
15 |
20 |
36 |
36.204 |
70.676 |
135.0 |
7.6 |
|
1923 |
10 |
1 |
8 |
16 |
29.000 |
67.500 |
0.0 |
6.1 |
“The facts about this earthquake in the Kachhi area are not clear. We know that sometime in the autumn of 1923 an earthquake caused considerable damage to settlements on the Nagau range and at Sanni and also that a slight shock of earthquake was felt at Lehri at 12 noon local time on 1 October 1923.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1931 |
8 |
24 |
21 |
35 |
29.870 |
67.574 |
10.0 |
6.7 |
“In this earthquake, the first of two in 3 days east of Quetta, maximum damage was not very serious and occurred in villages along a distance of about 30 km near the Sibi-Zardalu railway line, which runs in an east-northeast - west-southwest direction; Khost was considerably damaged; Sharigh was half destroyed and two persons were killed. The bazaar, poorly built mostly of unbaked mud, was completely ruined, while other buildings, such as the dispensary and some of the railway quarters, built of sun-baked brick and mud mortar, were severely damaged. The railway station was rather badly cracked and had its chimney pots overturned. The old locomotive shed, which had a heavy roof, was half demolished. Two buildings for railway workers, which were of adobe construction were only slightly damaged. Nakus, 14 km east-southeast of Sharigh, suffered similar damage. Between Sharigh and Nakus one of the two railway bridges was damaged to the extent of holding up traffic for a few days. Damage to the railway extended well beyond Harnai.
“Away from the Khost-Nakus segment of the railway, the country is sparsely inhabited and it is difficult to assess the extent of the epicentral region. However, along the line to the South East, the effects of the shock diminished rapidly. At Harnai, about 10 km from Nakus, only two houses collapsed; the rest were damaged, but the railway station was undamaged. About 20 km to the north of Khost a good deal of damage was done to Ziaret by this shock and the shock of 27 August 1931. About 30 km to the south of Sharigh, Sangan was badly damaged and half the houses were demolished. Along the Bolan River this earthquake was felt very much less than the later earthquake of the 27th.
“Localized damage was reported from other places further away from Mach, where a few local houses were ruined. In Quetta dwellings including the Town Hall cracked, and damage was reported from Dadhar, Pishin, Bagh, and Kila Abdula, up to epicentral distances of about 100 km. Far-field information comes almost exclusively from the southeast quadrant defined by the Kachhi plain and the Indus valley. The limits of the felt area are at Radan, Rajanpur, and Dehra Ismail Khan, which define a radius of perceptibility of 310 km.
“This earthquake, the so-called Sharigh, of magnitude MS 6.8 calculated from 136 station magnitudes, was followed within 66 hr by the Mach earthquake of MS 7.3. Because in most places the second shock was the more destructive of the two, information as to the effect of the first was difficult to obtain. This was particularly the case at places where the effects of the second shock were serious: such damage as was done by the first shock was in many cases obscured by the more severe damage caused by the second shock.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1931 |
8 |
27 |
15 |
27 |
29.503 |
67.176 |
32.6 |
7.2 |
“The Mach earthquake resulted in approximately 120 deaths and was felt over a large part of Baluchistan and Sind, covering an area of 550 km radius. West visited the region shortly after the earthquake, and judging from the damage done, he defined its epicentral region as a narrow, boomerang-shaped zone concave to the west, about 140 km long and not more than 15 km wide, following the Bolan Pass and the western foothills of the Kachhi plain * * *, in which the maximum intensity did not exceed VIII RF.
“In the northern part of this 40-km-long northwest-southeast zone, damage was mostly confined from a short distance from Mach along the Bolan Pass, to the alluvial plain that borders the hills to the southwest of Sibi. This part of the zone is traversed by the railroad, which runs along the northeast margin of the zone, and by the trunk road, which follows the southwest margin, the two converging at Sibi.
“The southern part of West’s epicentral zone extends from Dadhar to Katra, a distance of 100 km through a sparsely inhabited region, and runs along the border of the Kachhi floodplains of Badra and Bolan, with the hills to the west. The few villages in this region were badly damaged and suffered some loss of life. West did not visit this area owing to the fact that the roads were impassable, and for his report he had to rely on information from the political agent in Kalat.
“It was at Mach, at the northern extremity of the zone, that the most costly damage occurred. New Mach was both the headquarters of the civil administration and the railway authority. Here all the buildings were damaged to some extent, while many houses, built of unbaked mud bricks or stone with mud mortar, were completely ruined, along with two rest houses, the bazaar, some of the railway quarters at New Mach, and the outlying village of Old Mach. At the time of the earthquake the train stationed at Mach swayed from side to side and the driver was thrown from the engine, but this train and another eight or nine engines at the station did not overturn or derail. The new jail, completed only 18 months before and containing over 400 prisoners (who escaped and were subsequently reinterred), was considerably damaged, but the powerhouse was left undamaged. In Old Mach damage was more complete and most of public buildings were totally ruined. In all five people were killed, and the total damage to the inhabitants was not more than Rs 70,000 (£4,700 in 1930). Overall damage was considerable, although not as serious as reported by the press.
“None of the tunnels along the Bolan River were damaged directly by the earthquake, although in one or two cases the entrances to the tunnels were damaged by falling boulders. The shock triggered large rockfalls from the mountains north of Mach, raising enormous clouds of dust, which gave rise to rumours of a volcanic eruption. The 140-m-long railway bridge located just above Mach was not damaged. It consisted of four spans on three 14-m-high brick piers, and its axis bears N150°E. The general effect of the earthquake on the bridge was to compress it end-on and shorten it by 20 cm. Surveyed after the earthquake, the piers were found to have remained vertical, which suggests that the bed of the river had contracted uniformly in width. The track immediately southeast of the bridge, which was on level ground, settled, and tracks had to be repaired along some of their length. This settlement was caused by a gradual lowering of the southeast segment of the track by about 60 cm. The reported contraction occurred close to the region of uplift recorded by subsequent leveling.
“Following the railway to the south, the station of Ab-i-Gum was damaged and that of Peshi partly collapsed. Here the railway line down the Bolan was considerably damaged by falling rocks. At Panir the station and surrounding buildings were damaged, but the postmaster’s brick house was practically undamaged. The station at Ocepur was also badly damaged, but beyond this place to the southeast the effects of the earthquake rapidly diminish. At Sibi only a few mud walls and one of the four minarets fell, the earthquake enhancing the overall damage to houses sustained by the Sharigh earthquake of 25 August.
“The trunk road to the south from Mach in the 1930s was thinly inhabited; the stage posts of Bibi Nami, Dranjan, and Gokurth were damaged. Just north of Gokurth, Kirta was badly damaged. Further south, at Kundalani, the rest house was practically undamaged. Below Gokurth the bed of the river was full of small cracks, running parallel to the river, and it was along here that the road itself was most severely damaged. The road here runs along the west side of the riverbed and is cut into steep slopes at some height above the riverbed. Between miles 68.5 and 71.0 the road was very seriously damaged by landslides, in places being completely obliterated. It appears that this section has frequently given trouble during bad weather owing to landslides. We note that locations between Bibi and Sibi, and others mentioned in the next two paragraphs, lie in the hanging wall of the fault we infer to be responsible for uplift of the Bolan Pass.
“Rindli, a few kilometers east of the entrance to the Bolan Pass fronting the Kachi Plain, was practically undamaged, but Dadhar in the valley floor was badly damaged. This village, like many others in the Kachhi plain, was built on artificial mounds of soil designed to raise structures above periodic flash floods. Of 946 houses, 567 collapsed and 316 were badly cracked, and seven people were killed. The covered bazaar, which was supported internally by wooden posts and had wooden beams across in all directions, was practically unaffected. Mushkaf suffered worse than Dadhar, as every one of the 300 houses collapsed and one person was killed. In nearby villages in the plain, such as Naoshera and Nighari, most of the houses collapsed, with loss of life.
“Further south, along the remaining 100 km of the epicentral area defined by West, Sanni was most seriously damaged and 42 people were killed, and in Shoran all the houses collapsed, 46 people were killed, and about 300 cattle were destroyed. The southernmost limits of the epicentral region are defined by a group of villages: Gandava, where 77 houses collapsed but there was no loss of life; Kotra, where out of 385 houses 86 collapsed and three persons were killed; and Khari, where 297 out of 376 houses collapsed, killing 13 people. These villages are in the floodplain about 10 km east of the foothills of the Nagau Range. In contrast, Pir, situated on high ground on the track to Khuzdar, suffered little damage.
“Although not visited by West, there is considerable evidence of equally severe shaking west of the epicentral area defined by West, an almost uninhabited region, which enlarges the epicentral area to the west of the Kachhi plain well into the Nagau and Brahui hills. Most of the roads and tracks across these ranges were blocked by rockfalls, and the few levy posts and small, semiabandoned villages were ruined, but details are lacking. The settlements of Jahan and Bibi Argi were totally destroyed, and the route to the east was obliterated at its crossing with Sarawan. The collapse of a mountainside at Gazkh killed flocks of sheep along with two shepherds. At Pandran, 35 km southeast of Kalat, several houses partly collapsed, killing one person, and large falls of rock at Nichara caused large clouds of dust.
“Alleged catastrophic damage at Mach in the Bolan Pass was responsible for the name of the earthquake, and while damage was undoubtedly considerable, newspaper accounts appear exaggerated. Villages in the Kachhi plain southwest of Sibi bordering the hills sustained considerable damage, aggravated by adverse site construction practices (building on artificial mounds in the floodplains) and the collapse of adobe buildings into narrow alleyways. Although 120 people were killed in the earthquake, the earlier earthquake at Sharigh and its aftershocks had caused many of the inhabitants to sleep out of doors, which is almost certainly responsible for the death toll not being higher.
“Outside this enlarged epicentral area, damage was minor but widespread over a large area with considerable irregularity. In Quetta, 50 km northeast of Mach, nonstructural damage was so serious that an official report attributed excessive damage to the fact that the majority of houses in the city were built with exceptionally poor quality construction. For some days Quetta was cut off from road and rail communication with the rest of India, and the military road suffered in a similar way, badly damaged by landslides particularly between miles 68.5 and 71 (measured from the Quetta rail station). Repairs of the road and railway link between Quetta and Sibi were completed in 9 days. Also, telephone and road communications with Kalat and Persia were interrupted for some time.
“The shock was perceptible as far as Wishek in the southwest, at Karachi in the south, and Jaipur, Lahore, and Srinagar in the east and northeast, with no data for the other quadrants in Baluchistan and Afghanistan. The felt area thus was a circle with a radius of about 570 km.
“This event and the Sharigh earthquake were responsible for the introduction of compulsory earthquake-resistant design of railway structures and public buildings in Baluchistan and in the Indian subcontinent, a measure that caused the survival of many public buildings in the Quetta earthquake that followed 4 years later and in more recent events.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1933 |
10 |
16 |
4 |
35 |
32.700 |
66.500 |
0.0 |
5.6 |
“A damaging earthquake on 16 October 1933 caused the collapse of three forts in the Oruzgan (32.93, 66.63) region. Slides and rockfalls were reported from this area and from Day Chupan (32.63, 66.77) where the shock caused great concern.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1935 |
5 |
30 |
21 |
32 |
29.329 |
66.506 |
10.0 |
7.6 |
“Although Baluchistan in 1935 had one of the lowest population densities on the subcontinent of India, [the earthquake] occurred where most of the population lived. For this reason, and despite the initiation of earthquake resistant design triggered by the nearby 1931 sequence, the 1935 Quetta earthquake resulted in the largest number of fatalities of any earthquake on the Indian plate or its boundaries in the past two centuries.
“Quetta was ceded to the British in 1877. Before then Quetta was a station which controlled the trade route from India to Kandahar, as well as the Bolan Pass to the south, and the road to Kalat and to Persian Baluchistan. Although a sketch of the fort at this time looks quite imposing an 1839 report describes Quetta as "a most miserable mud town with a small castle on a mound having one small gun on a rickety carriage." Photographs of the town just before, and after, the 1935 earthquake reveal a busy frontier town that was severely damaged by the event.
“Detailed information survives for the Quetta earthquake. Most of the damage to rural and urban houses, chiefly of mud brick construction, was enclosed within a narrow zone, with Baleli and Quetta in the north extending in a south-westerly direction into the Harboi Hills, about 160 km long and 25 km broad. A great deal of the land in the zone is unproductive, containing only a few large villages where water could be found in underground irrigation and water supply conduits (qariz, qanat). In addition to the towns of Quetta and Mastung at least 100 villages in Quetta subdivision and Kalat State were totally destroyed.
“Starting from the north, Baleli was totally destroyed, 108 people were killed and 23 were injured. At Kuchlagh all houses were ruined and the railway depot collapsed with the loss of 8 lives and 9 injured. Further south, Sheik Manda was razed to the ground and in near-by Nauhissar 77 people were killed and 28 injured.
“Quetta, a military garrison town, with a population of about 40,000 (summer population 65,000), is built on a slope crossed by two nullahs (watercourses). The Habib Nullah separated the Civil Lines and town from the cantonment, and the Durani Nullah, a kilometre further north, ran parallel to it for most of its length. Both nullahs were crossed by bridges at several points. The Civil Lines was the more densely populated part of the town. It occupied an area of about 4 square kilometres and it was located south of Habib Nullah, an area with a high water table in the spring. This low lying part of Quetta was utterly destroyed, and about 15,000 people lost their lives. The Police Lines, the Durbar Hall, the Civil and Mission Hospitals, and the Club were ruined and the Residency was damaged. The only buildings that survived the earthquake with minor damage were the few reinforced concrete structures and the new railway quarters, constructed since the 1931 earthquake using earthquake-resistant principles, and situated in the most damaged part of the Civil Station.
“North of the Habib Nulla, on higher ground, the cantonment was much less affected and only a few houses collapsed. The Garrison church and the British and Indian Military hospitals were undamaged. The only serious damage done to the cantonments was a belt about 1 km wide immediately adjoining the Durani watercourse and the Civil Lines, damage decreasing rapidly towards the north-east. Here a good deal of damage was done to the Fort and some of its buildings collapsed.
“The airfield, with its modern hangars and barrack blocks, stood to the north-west, apart from the city and cantonment. In the RAF lines the hangars were left standing but little else. Every aircraft was so damaged that it was unsafe to fly. The earthquake caused no serious damage to the piped water supply nor to the power stations which continued to work on restricted load.
“South of Quetta, Kansi was totally destroyed; 1,010 people were killed and 370 were injured. Also Sariab was razed to the ground with the loss of 1,206 lives and 641 people injured. At Durani 101 people were killed and 114 were injured. At Spezand, Dingar and Mand-i Haji local houses were flattened but the railway station at Spezand was not destroyed. Tiri was utterly destroyed with the loss of 710 lives and 275 people injured. Mastung, 65 km south of Kuchlagh, was flattened by the shock together with the Khan's palace, killing altogether 1,736 people and injuring 716.
“South-west of Mastung, small settlements in the Shirinab valley which extends from Kuhnak to Manguchar, along a distance of 90 km by road, were destroyed. This region was within the thinly populated tribal territory belonging to the Khan of Kalat, and damage details are lacking. Pringabad, the only large settlement in this region was destroyed; 369 people were killed and 234 were injured. Manguchar, 100 km south of Kuchlagh, was also destroyed; 185 people were killed and 185 were injured.
“Destruction extended south into the State of Kalat, 155 km from Kuchlag. Kalat itself was ruined with 120 people killed and 50 injured. In Kalat State, out of a population of 10,000, 2,900 were killed and 5,000 injured. It was estimated that all villages between Quetta and Kalat were destroyed with 70% of population either dead or injured.
“Outside the epicentral region damage was widespread to dilapidated rural houses, particularly in many places in the Indus valley and in the Spin Baldak (Qla-i Jadid) and the Kandahar regions of Afghanistan.
“Liquefaction of the ground and mud volcanoes were reported in the valley north-west of Quetta. Some 20 km south of Kalat on the main road to Surab, about 5 km east off the road near the village of Thok (28.333°N, 66.517°E), large quantities of liquid mud were observed coming out from the top of an old mud volcano at the time of the earthquake, the eruption lasting for nine hours. None of the local inhabitants could recall any similar event in the past. The new flows had spread out beyond the limits of the old occupying an area of radius 140m.
“Official figures for the loss of life in the earthquake are no more than estimates. In Quetta about 26,000 people were killed, of which a few thousand bodies were left buried in the ruins of the town. Outside Quetta numbers are even more uncertain, particularly in the Kalat tribal area, and where more than the 8,410 deaths were recorded. Altogether, the earthquake could have killed about 35,000 people, but reliable figures are lacking.
“The telegraph lines from Kalat and Quetta to Chaman and Jacobabad were broken, but communication with the Government of India at Simla was established by radio. The railway and road communications, including the section through the Bolan Pass were not badly damaged. Several small road bridges suffered slumping of their abutments and five segments of the Quetta - Nushki rail track had to be replaced at its crossing with the zone of ground fissures.
“Administration became difficult owing to the fact that nearly all the subordinate civil officers and police had been killed. However, the fact that the troops escaped with few casualties allowed a quick rescue and evacuation of survivors, the disposing of thousands of dead by burial or by burning, sealing the town to prevent looting and the outbreak of epidemic disease, protecting and salvaging of property, and controlling the rehabilitation of the region. Two battalions of the 7th Gurka Rifles who were posted in Zhob and Chaman respectively at the time of the earthquake felt the earthquake and returned to find their regimental institute damaged beyond repair.
“Following the earthquake new laws were enacted for regulation of the distribution to relatives of property salvaged in the earthquake, for settlement of property claims and for the compulsory application of earthquake resistant design for all new public buildings and engineering structures * * *. Priority was given to the repair and reconstruction of destroyed qanats (underground irrigation channels) throughout the affected area to secure the next harvest.
“Contrary to what has been said by a number of authors, that the shock was felt within a radius of only 280 km, Urdu and Hindi press reports confirm that the shock was felt over a large area, as far as Amritsar, Sultanpur and Simla to the east (1,000 km), to Jatti (610 km) on the mouth of the Indus to the south, Dera Ismail Khan (500 km) to the north, and Chagai (250 km) to the east, in the last two directions information is lacking beyond these points into Afghanistan.
“The earthquake was followed by a long sequence of relatively small magnitude earthquakes, the largest of which in the south part of the epicentral area did not exceed a magnitude Ms 6.0. Shocks continued to be felt until the beginning of October. No shocks were reported before the earthquake, but a bright orange glow was seen over Quetta to the west, and further south, near Kalat, flashes of light were reported along the flanks of the mountains on both sides of the valley.
“Following the earthquake a survey of the north-west dipping thrust faults south-west of Quetta, which runs for a few kilometres to the south-west along the northern flanks of Chiltan, showed no signs of any movement, although 20 cm of uplift was detected on bed-rock benchmarks near the Quetta brewery that lies 5 km west of the town on the hanging wall of the fault. Ground deformations extended discontinuously for about 105 km were followed the south side of the Chiltan Range toward Kalat, striking N15E. Over the greater part of this distance they took the form of strands of open cracks, 2 to 20 cm wide, mostly in alluvium. About 8 km west of Mastung the ground of the west side of these cracks was downthrown on average by about 80 cm, though a little further south the sense of vertical movement was reversed. In some places, instead of a throw or open cracks, the ground had been heaved up, the uplifted portion being 30 cm or more high and several metres wide.
“Where the locus of ground deformation crossed the railway that runs from Spezand to Nushki, about 3 km west of Mastung Road Station, the track had been uplifted and the rails buckled. Where bedrock intervened along these zones of fissures in alluvium, the cracks died out, with rockfalls and shattered rock taking the place of fissuring along the same line. This was well seen to the north-west of Mastung Road, on the southern flanks of the Chiltan Range. The zone of fissures extended further south, past Kalat. A few kilometres SW of the village, ground cracks passed beneath an adobe house, displacing its walls but leaving them standing.
“It appears, therefore, that the earthquake was associated with the zone of faults that lie along the east edge of the Chiltan range and that this zone extends to the south passing near the towns of Mastung and Kalat.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1935 |
6 |
2 |
9 |
16 |
30.140 |
66.930 |
13.0 |
6.0 |
“This was the largest aftershock of the 1935 sequence which added to the damage at Kalat, Maguchar and Mastung but not in Quetta. Had it occurred by itself it would have been considered a severe earthquake, and had there been any houses in the lower part of Quetta left to damage, the shock would certainly have damaged them. The aftershock triggered more slides in the Shirinabad valley and rockfalls from the sides of the Chiltan Range, southwest of Quetta, the dust rising 500 m above the mountain. Some damage reported from Nushki could be due to this aftershock.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1935 |
7 |
5 |
17 |
53 |
37.980 |
67.300 |
18.0 |
6.0 |
“This earthquake occurred on the borders of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan and affected the region on both sides of the Amu Darya river. Information is too poor to allow location of its epicentral region which must be sought between Baisun and Shirabad in Tadzhikistan where some damage was done to unnamed localities, and to the irrigation system of Talishkan and Tazhdiul.
“The shock was strongly felt to the south at Shibarghan in Afghanistan at Sari-i Pul, Aq Chah, Balkh (Wazirabad), Mazar-i Sharif and Tashkurgan, where it caused insignificant damage. The earthquake was reported from a large area disproportionate for its magnitude. For example it is alleged that it was perceptible at Srinagar, at an epicentral distance of more than 700 km.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1936 |
6 |
30 |
19 |
26 |
33.600 |
60.000 |
0.0 |
6.0 |
|
1937 |
11 |
14 |
10 |
58 |
36.522 |
70.611 |
203.8 |
7.1 |
“Damage to houses at Chitral and in Kashmir. Felt force IX at Gurez, Drosh, Cherat, Srigagar, and Lahore, Force VIII at Skardu, Rawalpindi, Force VII at New Delhi, Miranshah, Dras, and Kaboul, strongly felt at Tashkent, Stanilabad and Kokand (Turkestan).
“Macroseismic area 900 - 1000 sq. kms.” (International Seismological Summary, 1937) |
1943 |
2 |
28 |
12 |
54 |
36.500 |
70.500 |
210.0 |
7.1 |
“Moderate at Skardu, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Srinigar, Drosh, and Kabul.” (International Seismological Summary, 1943) |
1948 |
1 |
28 |
15 |
51 |
36.360 |
67.730 |
70.0 |
6.5 |
“A damaging earthquake occurred in the region of Balkh in northern Afghanistan, over a large area between Shah Anjir (36.34, 67.22) and Mazari Sharif (36.70, 67.11). Much damage occurred near the Dulan Pass, at Shah Injir, Yakatal and Quduk Mulla, where a number of people and domestic animals were killed. At Mazari Sharif (36.70, 67.11), 45 km from the pass, old houses and shops were destroyed and the dome and towers of the shrine building fell down. At Samangan, 90 km away, a few houses were ruined and the sugar storage building was destroyed. The shock was strong at Maimana (35.92, 64.76) but it did not cause significant damage. The earthquake was widely felt, as far as Kabul (34.53, 69.12), Dushanbe (38.57, 68.77) and Samarkand (370 km), but not at Herat.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1949 |
3 |
4 |
10 |
19 |
36.000 |
70.500 |
230.0 |
7.4 |
“Felt strongly on the N.W. frontier of India, the Eastern parts of Cashmir, and throughout Afghanistan; also felt at various intensities from the Punjab to Jaipur (Rajpoutan). Damage at Rawalpindi and Peshawar, slight damage at Srinigar.” (International Seismological Summary, 1949) |
1949 |
7 |
10 |
3 |
53 |
39.000 |
70.500 |
16.0 |
7.5 |
|
1950 |
7 |
9 |
16 |
10 |
36.700 |
70.500 |
223.0 |
7.5 |
“Felt at Srinagar, Rawalpindi, Kabul, and Patiala.” (International Seismological Summary, 1950) |
1950 |
9 |
24 |
22 |
56 |
34.500 |
60.700 |
0.0 |
5.6 |
“An earthquake on 24 September 1950 with an instrumental location on the Iran-Afghanistan border, just south of Taiabad. There are no macroseismic data for this event except for the unconfirmed information that about this time a shock caused the collapse of a 16th century minaret in the Musalla of Gawrshad in Herat, 130 km away, already in ruins, leaving seven minarets leaning in different directions.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1951 |
6 |
12 |
22 |
40 |
36.300 |
71.000 |
223.0 |
7.5 |
“Intensity VII at Srinagar.” (International Seismological Summary, 1951) |
1952 |
10 |
10 |
18 |
47 |
30.370 |
69.340 |
2.0 |
6.2 |
“This was an earthquake west of the Sulaiman Range. The shock ruined a few villages, including Mekhtar, Zikra, Wadan, and Malezan, where a number of people were killed. The shock was strong in the regions of Fort Sandeman, Loralai, and in the Indus valley, where it caused slumping and spreading of the ground. It was felt in Multan and Quetta. Worldwide instrumental recordings confirm the macroseismic position.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1952 |
12 |
25 |
22 |
22 |
29.250 |
70.000 |
33.0 |
6.0 |
“Little is known about the macroseismic effects of this earthquake in the Sulaiman Range, except that the shock was felt at Sui, Kaah, and Multan.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1956 |
5 |
13 |
7 |
50 |
30.000 |
69.900 |
33.0 |
5.9 |
“This was an earthquake on the Sulaiman Range. The shock demolished Baladhaka, where a number of people were killed, and damaged Barkhan, Fort Munro, and Rakhni, with many injured but no loss of life. It was felt at Kahan, Loralai, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Multan.“ (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1956 |
6 |
9 |
23 |
13 |
35.111 |
67.576 |
27.4 |
7.5 |
“A large magnitude earthquake occurred in the Bamian district, Afghanistan. Much of the destruction was in the valley between the Kahmard and the Saighan mountains, a sparsely populated region with no large villages, at an altitude over 3000 m. Little is known about damage to individual settlements, except that the few small mountain villages around Kahmard (35.33N, 67.50E) and Saighan (35.17N, 67.70E) were totally destroyed, and those in the district of Yakwalang (34.73N, 66.97E) were heavily damaged with loss of life. Contrary to information in the press the earthquake caused surprisingly little loss of life, fewer than 70 people.
“The epicentral region may be defined roughly within an are about 120 km long and 40 km wide, running from Yakwalang in the south to Kahmard and Doab (35.55N, 67.81E) in the north-east. Within this zone the earthquake triggered rockfalls and landslides which were one of the causes of additional destruction. The largest slide occurred at Kami Kharqushaq (35.36N, 67.53E), about 15 km north-west of the village of Kahmard. An estimated 100,000 cubic metres of limestones and marls slid down damming the upper valley of the Kamar river, holding back eight million cubic metres of water for four days. The dam gave way on 14 June, and the flood swept away the settlements in the valley, drowning about 350 people, leaving behind a small lake that marks the site of the slide. “Another large landslide at Darra-i Shikari (34.88N, 67.78E), about 25 km north-east of Bamian (34.82N, 67.53E), blocked roads and disrupted communications, killing a number of domestic animals. Also at Yakwalang, slides blocked roads and killed herds of animals.
“Outside this region, around Pul-I Khuni (35.95N, 68.71E), Baghlan (36.14N, 68.70E), Kunduz (36.73N, 68.86E), Seh Kundi (33..35N, 68.40E) and Kabul (34.53N, 69.13E) the shock caused some damage, great panic, but no loss of life.
“The earthquake was felt as far as Termez (37.22N, 67.27E), Motovabad (37.34N, 68.67E) and Chitral (36.02N, 71.75E) and it was perceptible at Stalinabad (38.57N, 68.78E) but not in Peshawar.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“Dégâts importants dans les districts de Bamian et Kamard; éboulements de terrain à Kami Kerqushaq, dans la vallée du Kamard; formation d’un barrage temporaire dont la rupture a provoqué le 14 juin 1956 inondations désasteuses; 350 à 400 morts, principalment à la suite de l’inondation.” (Union Geodesique et Geophysique Internationale, Bureau Central International de Séismologie, Strasbourg) |
1956 |
9 |
16 |
8 |
37 |
33.899 |
69.583 |
24.6 |
6.7 |
“A damaging earthquake occurred in the Lohgar district (33.98N, 68.99E) in north-east Afghanistan, near the border with Pakistan. Little is known in detail about the damage in the epicentral area which includes the villages of Said Karani (33.68N, 69.37E), Laza and Jaji (33.78N, 69.67E) where a number of houses collapsed and a few people were killed. In the Hindu Kush the earthquake caused landslides and snow-avalanches depending on local conditions. Some villages suffered slight damage while others suffered none. Deywanababa (35.90N, 71.30E) was outstanding in being the scene of an avalanche that killed a few people. The shock triggered rockfalls from the Mangal mountain that killed a number of animals. Also in Nuristan, the shock caused snow-avalanches from area above the snow-line.
“The earthquake was felt over in Afghanistan and Pakistan in an area disproportionately large for its magnitude. Felt reports are available from the districts of Hazarajat, Parwan (35.1N, 69.2E), Ghazni (33.63N, 68.95E), Kohat (33.59N, 71.44E), Parachinar (33.90N, 70.10E), Behsud (34.38N, 67.53E), Rawalpindi (33.69N, 73.04E) and Srinagar (34.08N, 74.81E), within a radius of over 300 km.
“A large aftershock on 16 September was felt in the Lohgar district, in Kabul, in the region of Jalalabad and across the border at Parachinar.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“Ressenti à Kohat, Parachinar, et Rawalpindi.” (Union Geodesique et Geophysique Internationale, Bureau Central International de Séismologie, Strasbourg) |
1962 |
9 |
12 |
20 |
57 |
36.296 |
68.989 |
42.6 |
6.0 |
“An earthquake in the Thakar province of north-east Afghanistan. The available macroseismic information is insufficient to define an epicentral region. In Afghanistan the shock was strong in the districts of Baghlan and Qatghan and it was felt up to 250 km away at Jalalabad, Kabul and Mazar-i Sherif. In the north, in Tadjikistan and Uzbekistan, the shock was equally strong at Karshi, Samarkand, Leninabad and Khorg. The shock was felt within a radius of 450 km. The large felt area and small magnitude suggests that this was a lower crust event.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1965 |
3 |
14 |
15 |
53 |
36.377 |
70.720 |
214.4 |
7.5 |
“Hindu Kush region. Light damage in Afghanistan and west Pakistan. 2 injured at Peshawar. Felt at Tashkent, Uzbek S.S.R. and in India.” (Seismological Bulletin, January 1965, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, MSI 291.) |
1966 |
2 |
7 |
4 |
26 |
29.917 |
69.639 |
11.3 |
5.8 |
“A damaging earthquake on the foothills of the Sulaiman mountains, it was preceded by a strong foreshock on 24 January (07 h 23 m), which was widely felt in the region. The mainshock and the aftershock, which were of almost the same magnitude separated by 16 hr, affected the Barkhan region, where 4860 houses in neighboring villages, particularly Baladhaka, Naharkot, and Vitakri, were destroyed. Collapsed houses and rockfalls killed 12 and injured 100 people. The shock was strong in Loralai and Fort Munro and was perceptible at Quetta, Bahawalpur, Multan, Lahore, and Sargodha, 480 km away. The high observed intensities make the macroseismic position preferable to the position determined instrumentally.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1966 |
2 |
7 |
23 |
6 |
30.229 |
69.890 |
12.6 |
6.4 |
“This was the strongest aftershock, occurring about 16 hr after the mainshock. It was strong throughout the Loralai district, and it was felt at Fort Munro, Multan, and Bahawalpur.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1966 |
8 |
1 |
19 |
9 |
29.973 |
68.714 |
15.7 |
5.5 |
“This was the strongest foreshock of the earthquake at 21 h 03 m in the Duki region.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1966 |
8 |
1 |
21 |
2 |
30.043 |
68.624 |
10.7 |
6.8 |
“A damaging earthquake in the Loralai district on the foothills of the Sulaiman mountains, it was preceded by two large foreshocks at 19 h 10 m and 20 h 31 m that did some small damage and forced people out of their houses. In the mainshock 1300 houses in 45 villages in the Duki and Manza (30.12° N - 68.87° E) districts were destroyed; at least 2 people were killed, and 15 were injured. Damage extended to Loralai. The shock was very strong at Barkhan and was felt at Quetta. The earthquake was followed by many strong aftershocks well into September.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b)
“West Pakistan. At least two persons killed, 15 injured and extensive property damage in the Quetta area.” (Seismological Bulletin, January 1965, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey.) |
1972 |
6 |
24 |
15 |
29 |
36.268 |
69.709 |
27.2 |
6.1 |
“A damaging earthquake in the district of Takhar in northern Afghanistan on 24 June 1972. The large villages of Khost Fering, Nahrin (36.07N, 69.13E), Ishkimish (36.38N, 69.32E) and smaller settlements within a radius of about 25 km were ruined. A few hundred houses collapsed and about 20 people were killed. Damage to local houses was reported from Baghlan, Pul-i Khumri and Warsaj at epicentral distances of 60 km. The shock was felt at Kabul, in Peshawar and Rawalpindi in Pakistan, and as far as Kulyab (37.91, 69.78), Khorog (37.49N, 71.54), Obi Garm (38.72N, 69.70E), on the Nurek dam site (38.39N, 69.32E), and in Samarkland (39.66N, 66.95E) in Soviet Central Asia, that is, within a radius of 370 km. It was perceptible at Dushanbe (38.57, 68.78).” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1973 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
43 |
37.753 |
69.857 |
15.0 |
4.4 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Kulyab, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1973 April) |
1974 |
5 |
13 |
17 |
40 |
36.526 |
71.003 |
202.4 |
5.3 |
“Hindu Kush region. Felt (V) at Kabul and (VI) in the northern provinces.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1974 May) |
1974 |
7 |
30 |
5 |
12 |
36.365 |
70.731 |
214.7 |
7.1 |
“Hindu Kush region. Felt in northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and in New Delhi, India and Tashkent, U.S.S.R. areas. Max. Int. VI.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1974 July) |
1975 |
10 |
3 |
5 |
14 |
30.282 |
66.317 |
4.3 |
5.4 |
“An earthquake on the Chaman fault zone, close to the borders with Afghanistan at Spin Tezha, followed 12 hours later by an aftershock of 6.5. Little is known about the effects of these events in the epicentral region, a sparsely inhabited area of the Afghan border, except that they caused some minor damage at Quetta. The shock was felt strongly at Quetta and in north-west Baluchistan.
“The trace, probably of only a small segment, of a north-south trending discontinuous surface fault break was found in alluvium which could be followed for about 5 km south of Spin Tezha along the Chaman fault zone. It showed an average left-lateral displacement of about 4 cm, with minor dip-slip up to the west, consistent with the earthquake focal mechanism.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1975 |
10 |
3 |
17 |
31 |
30.420 |
66.381 |
3.4 |
5.5 |
“This was an aftershock, 12 hr after the main earthquake, of almost equal magnitude, 18 km north of the previous event. It was felt severely at Quetta and in northwest parts of Baluchistan.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1976 |
3 |
19 |
13 |
3 |
36.617 |
67.794 |
15.1 |
5.5 |
“A relatively small earthquake on 19 March 1976 caused considerable damage in Samangan province, killing about 50 people and ruining more than 1,000 local houses. Maximum damage was reported from the areas of Khulm (36.69, 67.69) and from the nearby Tashkurgan gorges. Rockfalls and slides in the eastern section of the Khulm Gorge buried several vehicles adding to the loss of life. The shock was strong at Kornilovka, and was felt at Termez, Denay, Khorog, Dushanbe, and Kulyab and it was perceptible at Samarkand.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“Hindu Kush region. 49 killed, 59 injured, 1137 houses destroyed, 559 damaged, and rocksides in the areas of Khulm and Tashkurgan, Afghanistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1976 March) |
1978 |
3 |
16 |
2 |
0 |
29.913 |
66.239 |
15.8 |
6.1 |
“This was a damaging earthquake on the Chaman fault with an epicentral area along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan. This area probably extended north of Nushki into Afghanistan closer to the instrumental location of the event, an area that was not visited. Damage was limited to the pressure ridges and the alluvial fan west of the Chaman fault. Nushki itself, which is situated just east of the Chaman fault, was not damaged. However small villages west and south of the town suffered different degrees of damage, with no loss of life due to the earthquake. North of Nushki, the settlement of Siah Koh was slightly damaged. More damage was reported from west of Nushki from Mohammad Ali Khan and a dozen settlements within a radius of 7 km from Nushki. To the south, damage decreased rapidly from Ahmad Wal, Reka or Zangiabad, Rahmat Duni to Kharan Kalat, where damage was negligible. The shock was felt at Spin Tezha, Quetta, and Chaman, 140 km to the north of Nushki. First-motion data indicate left-lateral strike-slip on the Chaman fault.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b) |
1978 |
5 |
16 |
3 |
40 |
37.817 |
69.872 |
13.7 |
4.2 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Kulyab, Tadzhik SSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1978 May) |
1981 |
6 |
13 |
7 |
29 |
36.210 |
67.852 |
20.2 |
5.6 |
“A damaging earthquake in northern Afghanistan. Little is known about its effects in the epicentral area which was somewhere between Samangan and Jozjan, where a number of people were killed. The shock was felt along the Amu Darya from Termez to Parkhar and further north in Uzbekistan at Kurgan Tyube and Dushanbe. It was perceptible at Samarkand at an epicentral distance of 390 km.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1982 |
12 |
16 |
0 |
40 |
36.108 |
68.982 |
22.0 |
6.4 |
“A destructive earthquake in north Afghanistan. Little is known about the effects of this event apart from the fact that it destroyed approximately 7,000 houses, killing 450 and injuring 3,000 people in the Baghlan district. The shock caused serious damage and loss of life in the coal mines in the district. The earthquake was felt as far as Tashkent, Murgab and Tarbela, over an area of a radius of 520 km.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1983 |
2 |
26 |
20 |
7 |
38.889 |
70.681 |
2.1 |
5.3 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Extensive damage (VII) in the Garm area. Felt (III) at Dushanbe, Fayzabad, Khorog, Komsomolabad and Nurek, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1983 February) |
1983 |
12 |
7 |
12 |
11 |
36.027 |
69.070 |
32.5 |
5.1 |
“A small earthquake in Afghanistan with an instrumental epicenter in the region of Takhar. The shock was felt at Kuliab and Khorog at an epicentral distance of about 200 km.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1983 |
12 |
30 |
23 |
52 |
36.399 |
70.712 |
214.5 |
7.4 |
“Hindu Kush region. Twelve people killed, 483 injured and extensive damage in the Kabul and Samangan, Afghanistan areas. Fourteen people killed, hundreds injured and moderate damage in the Peshawar, Pakistan area. Some damage (VII) in Tajikistan, USSR. Felt in much of northwestern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan northern India, and in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kirghizia, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1983 December) |
1984 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
58 |
36.333 |
69.574 |
14.5 |
5.5 |
“We have no macroseismic data from Afghanistan for this earthquake in the Takhar district. The shock was felt at Khorog, Kuliab, Nurek, Kabodien, and was perceptible at Dushambe, Samarkand and Tashkent.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1984 |
11 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
37.606 |
70.264 |
1.8 |
4.2 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Iol, (V) at Dashtidzhum and Kulyab, (IV) at Khorog, and (III) at Dzhirgatal and Dushanbe, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1984 November) |
1985 |
7 |
29 |
7 |
54 |
36.163 |
70.863 |
100.0 |
7.4 |
“Hindu Kush region. At least 5 people killed, 38 injured and considerable damage and landslides in the Chitral and Swat districts, Pakistan. Damage (VIII) and many people homeless in the Khorog - Ishkashim area, USSR. Damage (VII) in the Dushanbe area, USSR. Extensive damage in the Kurgan-Tyube area, USSR. Felt (VI) in the Kulyab and Termez area, (V) in the Leninabad - Samarkard - Tashkent area and (IV) at Frunze, USSR. Avalanches reported in northern India. Avalanches and landslides reported in southern Tajikistan, USSR. Felt strongly in northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and much of northern India, including New Delhi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1985 July) |
1986 |
1 |
12 |
20 |
14 |
34.159 |
69.609 |
9.0 |
5.7 |
“An earthquake in north-east Afghanistan with an instrumental location near Kabul. No macroseismic information is available with the exception that the shock was felt strongly in the Kabul area and at Peshawar in Pakistan.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a) |
1987 |
2 |
23 |
0 |
21 |
38.928 |
70.657 |
5.9 |
4.9 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Garm; (V) at Khait and Tavildara; (IV) at Dzhirgatal, Obigarm and Rogun. Also felt (III) at Dushanbe and Kulyab and (II) at Khorog, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1987 February) |
1987 |
12 |
21 |
4 |
28 |
38.781 |
70.739 |
12.6 |
4.7 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Argankun, (V) at Tavildara, (IV) in the Garm - Obigarm area, (III) in the Rogun - Kulyab - Tashkent area and (III) at Khorog, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1987 December) |
1988 |
9 |
25 |
20 |
52 |
37.194 |
71.801 |
5.9 |
5.5 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Several hundred houses, some schools, hospitals and other facilities were damaged (VI) in the Roshtkala - Khorog area, USSR. Felt (IV) at Ishkashim and Boldzhuan; (III) at Dushanbe, Rogun, Chorsady, Komarou and Dzherino, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1988 September) |
1989 |
1 |
22 |
23 |
2 |
38.495 |
68.744 |
8.1 |
5.5 |
“Tajik SSR. Two hundred seventy-four people killed, many injured, extensive damage (VII) and mudslides in the Gissar area. Nearly all the casualties were caused by mudslides which buried Sharora and two nearby villages. Felt (VI) at Gulkhani and Sarkishti; (V) at Dushanbe and Tursunzade; (IV) at Danau and Nurek.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1989 January) |
1990 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
16 |
37.052 |
71.253 |
110.0 |
6.3 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Slight damage (VI) at Khorog. Felt (V) at Ishkashim, Kulyab, Garm, Nurek, Dushanbe and Obigarm; (IV) at Pyandzh; (III) at Andizhan, Fergana, Tashkent, Namangan and Leninabad, USSR. Felt (IV) at Kabul, Afghanistan. Also felt at Islamabad, Peshawar and Rawalpindi, Pakistan and in the Srinagar area, Kashmir.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1990 February) |
1990 |
3 |
25 |
14 |
17 |
37.018 |
72.945 |
39.2 |
6.4 |
“Tajik SSR. Slight damage to old buildings in the Pamir Mountains. Felt (VI) at Khorog and Ishkashim and (III) at Dushanbe. Also felt at Abbottabad and Gilgit, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1990 March) |
1990 |
7 |
5 |
1 |
9 |
37.579 |
69.400 |
10.0 |
5.4 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Moshovskiy, Guliston and Navabad; (V) at Parkhar and Besh - Tegerman; (IV) at Kulyab, Sovetskiy, Shuroabad and Dangara; (III) at Nurek, Dushanbe and Kurgan - Tyube, USSR.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1990 July) |
1992 |
5 |
1 |
8 |
56 |
38.562 |
69.758 |
10.0 |
4.1 |
“Afghanistan - USSR border region. Felt (VI) at Rogun and (IV) at Obigarm.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1992 May) |
1992 |
12 |
4 |
11 |
36 |
37.735 |
72.178 |
120.0 |
5.8 |
“Felt in the Peshawar area, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1992 ) |
1992 |
12 |
17 |
17 |
43 |
37.414 |
68.952 |
35.2 |
5.2 |
“Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1992 ) |
1993 |
1 |
21 |
14 |
15 |
36.619 |
71.339 |
86.6 |
5.1 |
“Felt at Islamabad, Peshawar and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 January) |
1993 |
1 |
27 |
10 |
27 |
32.082 |
60.066 |
18.5 |
4.8 |
“Three people injured and 200 houses destroyed in the Nehbandan area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 January) |
1993 |
2 |
15 |
16 |
13 |
36.423 |
70.587 |
213.6 |
4.9 |
“Felt at Chitral and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 February) |
1993 |
2 |
17 |
16 |
6 |
33.536 |
72.521 |
16.7 |
4.3 |
“Felt in the Islamabad-Rawalpindi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 February) |
1993 |
3 |
25 |
12 |
28 |
36.019 |
71.141 |
90.4 |
5.1 |
“Felt at Chitral and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 March) |
1993 |
4 |
26 |
14 |
57 |
36.185 |
70.164 |
146.2 |
4.8 |
“Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 April) |
1993 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
56 |
36.435 |
70.728 |
221.0 |
4.5 |
“Felt in the Chitral area, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 May) |
1993 |
6 |
18 |
19 |
59 |
36.429 |
70.363 |
212.7 |
5.1 |
“Felt at Chitral, Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 June) |
1993 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
38 |
36.397 |
70.707 |
204.0 |
6.3 |
“Felt in northern Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 August) |
1993 |
8 |
9 |
12 |
42 |
36.322 |
70.867 |
215.0 |
7.0 |
“Felt in northern and eastern Pakistan as far south as Multan. Felt at Delhi and other parts of northern India. Felt in eastern Jammu and Kashmir. Also felt (III) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 August) |
1993 |
8 |
14 |
3 |
52 |
37.599 |
71.132 |
60.0 |
4.4 |
“Felt (IV) at Kulab; (III) at Khorugh; (II) at Dushanbe and Nurek, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 August) |
1993 |
9 |
4 |
11 |
38 |
36.419 |
70.831 |
195.0 |
6.0 |
“Felt in much of northern Pakistan. Also felt in the Delhi, India area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 September) |
1993 |
9 |
18 |
5 |
2 |
36.372 |
71.567 |
113.0 |
6.1 |
“Felt (IV) at Khorugh and Kulob; (III) at Dushanbe, Garm, Nurek, Rogun and Shaartuz, Tajikistan. Also felt in northern India and parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 September) |
1993 |
9 |
26 |
2 |
29 |
36.249 |
71.227 |
120.7 |
4.6 |
“Felt at Peshawar and Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 September) |
1993 |
10 |
30 |
23 |
5 |
30.247 |
67.635 |
11.6 |
4.6 |
“Felt (II) in the Quetta area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 October) |
1993 |
11 |
16 |
15 |
52 |
30.783 |
67.220 |
37.1 |
5.6 |
“At least 150 houses destroyed in the Pishin area. Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1993 November) |
1994 |
2 |
23 |
8 |
2 |
30.788 |
60.534 |
6.0 |
6.1 |
“Six people killed and many injured in the Sistan region.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 February) |
1994 |
2 |
23 |
22 |
45 |
30.900 |
60.553 |
10.0 |
4.7 |
“Felt in eastern Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 February) |
1994 |
2 |
24 |
0 |
11 |
30.790 |
60.510 |
10.0 |
6.3 |
“Felt in eastern Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 February) |
1994 |
2 |
26 |
2 |
31 |
30.795 |
60.536 |
9.0 |
6.1 |
“About 100 houses damaged in the Sistan region.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 February) |
1994 |
2 |
28 |
11 |
13 |
30.904 |
60.624 |
6.0 |
5.6 |
“Felt in the Sefidabeh area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 February) |
1994 |
5 |
1 |
12 |
0 |
36.942 |
67.142 |
19.0 |
6.1 |
“Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan. Felt (VI) at Tashiak and Termiz, (V) at Samarqand and (III) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 May) |
1994 |
6 |
30 |
9 |
23 |
36.383 |
71.167 |
227.0 |
6.3 |
“Felt in much of Kashmir and northern Pakistan. Felt in parts of Afghanistan, Tajikistan and northern India. Also felt in Xizang and Qinghai Provinces, China.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 June) |
1994 |
10 |
21 |
11 |
26 |
36.429 |
71.160 |
235.4 |
4.8 |
“Felt at Chitral and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 October) |
1994 |
10 |
25 |
0 |
54 |
36.347 |
70.980 |
239.0 |
5.9 |
“Felt (V) at Termiz, (IV) at Samarqand and (III) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt at Chitral, Dera Ismail Khan, Islamabad, Multan, Peshawar and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Also felt at Amritsar, Srinagar and other parts of northern India.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 October) |
1994 |
12 |
8 |
10 |
47 |
36.419 |
70.841 |
191.5 |
4.8 |
“Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1994 ) |
1995 |
1 |
18 |
14 |
38 |
36.533 |
71.295 |
218.2 |
4.4 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 January) |
1995 |
1 |
29 |
1 |
20 |
36.935 |
71.545 |
106.5 |
5.3 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 January) |
1995 |
5 |
16 |
3 |
35 |
36.452 |
70.911 |
187.0 |
5.8 |
“Felt at Chitral, Dera Ismail Khan, Islamabad, Lahore and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 May) |
1995 |
10 |
18 |
9 |
30 |
36.431 |
70.389 |
225.7 |
6.2 |
“Several houses damaged at Srinagar, Kashmir. Felt at Chitral, Islamabad, Peshawar and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Also felt in the Amritsar area, India.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 October) |
1995 |
11 |
29 |
10 |
10 |
36.184 |
71.305 |
107.7 |
4.6 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 November) |
1995 |
11 |
30 |
5 |
24 |
31.615 |
74.184 |
38.8 |
4.2 |
“Felt at Lahore, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 November) |
1995 |
12 |
25 |
3 |
19 |
36.465 |
70.235 |
232.7 |
5.6 |
“Felt at Chitral and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1995 ) |
1996 |
2 |
20 |
2 |
55 |
34.033 |
72.708 |
24.3 |
4.2 |
“Felt at Abbottabad, Islamabad, Mansehra, Muzaffarabad, Rawalpindi and Swabi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1996 February) |
1996 |
9 |
14 |
8 |
1 |
36.010 |
70.700 |
112.7 |
5.9 |
“Felt at Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1996 September) |
1996 |
12 |
1 |
2 |
17 |
29.438 |
66.119 |
43.2 |
4.0 |
“Felt in Baluchistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1996 ) |
1996 |
12 |
21 |
14 |
22 |
36.329 |
70.585 |
158.0 |
4.8 |
“Felt at Islamabad, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1996 ) |
1997 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
30 |
30.222 |
68.031 |
29.0 |
4.1 |
“Felt at Harnai.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 January) |
1997 |
1 |
10 |
2 |
24 |
36.441 |
70.904 |
199.5 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 January) |
1997 |
2 |
27 |
21 |
8 |
29.945 |
68.189 |
22.0 |
7.1 |
“Maximum damage occurred along a northwest-southeast sparsely inhabited zone about 70 km long that includes Suzsu, Harnai, Badra, Mandal, and Gambuli. In all about 500 houses collapsed, killing 57 people and hundreds of livestock and making thousands homeless. The shock damaged the railroad between Shashrig and Badra, and near Harnai it was blocked by rockfalls. Some damage was also reported from further away, from Mach, Sharigh, Duki, and Sibi. Less serious damage extended to the Mastung and Quetta areas, where three people were killed. The shock was felt throughout much of Baluchistan, in eastern Sind and in southwest Punjab. The earthquake was followed by damaging aftershocks: on 4 March, when a few people were injured with additional damage at Sibi and Harnai, and on 20 March, when it was felt in Quetta, Harnai, and Sibi with slight damage in Harnai and Sibi.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003b)
“At least 57 people killed, hundreds injured, thousands homeless, more than 500 houses damaged or destroyed and hundreds of livestock killed in the Harnai-Sibi area. Roads and railroads in the area blocked by landslides. Three people killed and several injured in the Quetta area. Felt throughout much of central Baluchistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 February) |
1997 |
2 |
27 |
21 |
30 |
29.974 |
67.971 |
24.0 |
6.4 |
“Felt in the epicentral area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 February) |
1997 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
58 |
29.585 |
68.170 |
12.1 |
4.1 |
“Felt in the Sibi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
28 |
29.517 |
68.560 |
40.7 |
4.7 |
“Felt in the Harnai-Sibi area and at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
4 |
13 |
3 |
29.405 |
68.748 |
34.3 |
5.7 |
“At least one person injured and additional damage at Sibi. Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
13 |
20 |
38 |
30.098 |
67.821 |
18.8 |
4.2 |
“Felt at Harnai.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
19 |
11 |
15 |
30.289 |
67.973 |
13.1 |
4.2 |
“Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
19 |
19 |
57 |
34.807 |
71.554 |
35.0 |
4.7 |
“Fifteen people killed, several injured and damage to houses in the Bajaur region. Felt at Chitral.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
20 |
8 |
50 |
30.126 |
68.022 |
18.0 |
5.9 |
“At least three people injured and additional damage to houses in the Harnai area. Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
22 |
6 |
19 |
30.115 |
67.958 |
42.9 |
4.5 |
“Felt in the Harnai area and at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
28 |
21 |
52 |
30.039 |
67.961 |
35.0 |
3.2 |
“Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
3 |
28 |
22 |
27 |
30.142 |
68.053 |
35.0 |
4.0 |
“Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 March) |
1997 |
4 |
21 |
15 |
47 |
29.775 |
68.195 |
15.2 |
4.5 |
“Felt at Quetta.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 April) |
1997 |
5 |
13 |
14 |
13 |
36.442 |
71.007 |
196.0 |
6.4 |
“One person killed and eleven injured in the Malakand-Peshawar area, Pakistan. One person injured at Kabul, Afghanistan. Houses damaged in many parts of northern Pakistan and at Srinagar, Kashmir. Felt strongly throughout northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and Tajikistan. Felt (IV) at Chardzhev, Turkmenistan; (IV) at Daroot-Korgan and Sopu-Korgon, Kyrgyzstan; (III) at Shymkent, Kazakhstan; (II) at Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Felt in Himachal Pradesh and as far as Delhi, India.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 May) |
1997 |
6 |
16 |
3 |
0 |
33.244 |
60.198 |
13.9 |
5.0 |
“Some houses destroyed in the Birjand-Qayen area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 June) |
1997 |
6 |
17 |
11 |
18 |
30.121 |
68.034 |
28.8 |
5.2 |
“Felt in the Harnai-Quetta-Sibi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 June) |
1997 |
6 |
21 |
8 |
45 |
33.103 |
60.096 |
15.0 |
3.7 |
“Felt in Khorasan Province.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 June) |
1997 |
6 |
21 |
22 |
21 |
32.978 |
60.187 |
15.0 |
4.1 |
“Felt in Khorasan Province.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 June) |
1997 |
7 |
13 |
22 |
25 |
32.903 |
60.210 |
15.0 |
3.8 |
“Felt at Birjand and Qayen.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 July) |
1997 |
8 |
24 |
13 |
15 |
30.059 |
67.951 |
18.9 |
5.6 |
“Felt at Harnai, Quetta, Pishin, Sibi and Ziarat.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 August) |
1997 |
10 |
3 |
13 |
14 |
29.967 |
67.913 |
17.5 |
3.9 |
“Felt at Harnai.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 October) |
1997 |
10 |
31 |
17 |
15 |
36.094 |
70.870 |
102.4 |
5.0 |
“Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 October) |
1997 |
11 |
1 |
3 |
46 |
36.431 |
70.709 |
208.2 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 November) |
1997 |
12 |
4 |
10 |
17 |
29.022 |
64.159 |
22.9 |
5.1 |
“Felt at Dalbandin.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 ) |
1997 |
12 |
17 |
5 |
51 |
36.408 |
70.802 |
209.4 |
6.3 |
“Felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Felt (IV) at Samarqand and Toshkent; (III) at Farghona, Uzbekistan. Also felt (III) at Shymkent and Zhambyl, Kazakhstan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1997 ) |
1998 |
2 |
4 |
14 |
33 |
37.077 |
70.043 |
25.2 |
5.9 |
“A destructive earthquake in the Rustaq area (37.12, 69.82) of north-east Afghanistan resulted in estimated losses of 2,300 people killed, 800 injured and 8,100 houses destroyed, the shock making 8,000 homeless. The earthquake triggered extensive landslides which added to the damage, killing more than 6,000 livestock. The shock was felt at Dushanbe in Tadjikistan and was perceptible in Tashkent.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“At least 2,323 people killed, 818 injured, 8,094 houses destroyed, 6,725 livestock killed and landslides in the Rostaq area, Afghanistan. Felt (III) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan and (II) at Toshkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 February) |
1998 |
2 |
14 |
0 |
8 |
36.364 |
71.110 |
221.1 |
5.5 |
“Felt (III) at Toshkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 February) |
1998 |
2 |
20 |
12 |
18 |
36.447 |
71.069 |
236.0 |
6.4 |
“One person killed and three injured at Yar Husain, six injured at Rawalpindi and two injured at Peshawar, Pakistan. An earthquake-induced avalanche destroyed 35 houses, including a mosque, left 300 people homeless and killed several dozen cattle and sheep in the Astor area, Kashmir. Damage occurred from Chitral to Swabi, Pakistan, in western Kashmir and in the Rostaq area, Afghanistan. Felt in much of northern Pakistan as far south as Lahore and in northeastern Afghanistan as far as Kabul and Mazar-e Sharif. Felt (V) at Dushanbe and Khorugh, Tajikistan; (IV) at Andijon and Farghona, Uzbekistan; (III) at Bishkek and Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Also felt (III) at Samarqand and Toshkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 February) |
1998 |
3 |
9 |
23 |
21 |
36.507 |
71.098 |
235.5 |
4.6 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 March) |
1998 |
3 |
18 |
23 |
29 |
29.769 |
68.241 |
17.4 |
3.8 |
“Felt at Sibi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 March) |
1998 |
3 |
21 |
18 |
22 |
36.422 |
70.133 |
233.0 |
5.9 |
“Felt strongly in the epicentral area. Felt at Chitral, Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Rawalpindi and in parts of Northern Areas, Pakistan. Also felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 March) |
1998 |
4 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
32.447 |
60.063 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
“At least 12 people killed, 10 injured and more than 600 homes severely damaged in the Birjand-Gonabad area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 April) |
1998 |
5 |
30 |
6 |
22 |
37.141 |
70.094 |
34.2 |
6.6 |
“A destructive earthquake in north-east Afghanistan. The shock killed about 4,000 people, injuring many thousands in the districts of Badakhshan and Takhar.
The shock was strong at Mazar-i Sharif (36.70, 67.11). It was felt in Kabul (34.53, 69.13), and in northern Pakistan at Peshawar (34.00, 71.54), Rawalpindi and Islamabad (33.72, 73.06), as well as at at Dushanbe (38.57, 68.77) in Tajikistan, Andijan (40.79, 72.34) and it was perceptible at Samarkand (39.66, 66.95) and Tashkent (41.31, 69.30).” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“At least 4,000 people killed, many thousands injured and homeless in Badakhshan and Takhar Provinces, Afghanistan. Felt strongly at Mazar-e Sharif, Afghanistan. Felt at Kabul, Afghanistan. Felt (III) at Andijon and Samarqand; (II) at Toshkent, Uzbekistan. Also felt at Islamabad, Peshawar and Rawalpindi, Pakistan and Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 May) |
1998 |
6 |
18 |
6 |
49 |
36.360 |
70.908 |
146.9 |
4.2 |
“Felt at Kabul.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 June) |
1998 |
7 |
12 |
5 |
45 |
34.114 |
72.713 |
46.4 |
4.5 |
“Felt at Islamabad, Rawalpindi and in the Peshawar area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 July) |
1998 |
7 |
12 |
20 |
52 |
30.093 |
67.852 |
21.0 |
5.0 |
“Felt in the Quetta area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 July) |
1998 |
7 |
12 |
22 |
15 |
30.040 |
67.851 |
24.4 |
4.7 |
“Felt in the Quetta area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 July) |
1998 |
7 |
14 |
1 |
1 |
30.017 |
67.879 |
27.8 |
4.2 |
“Felt in the Harnai-Quetta-Sibi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 July) |
1998 |
7 |
14 |
13 |
3 |
30.038 |
67.877 |
23.7 |
4.3 |
“Felt in the Harnai-Quetta-Sibi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 July) |
1998 |
7 |
14 |
14 |
25 |
30.032 |
67.791 |
26.4 |
4.5 |
“Felt in the Harnai-Quetta-Sibi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 July) |
1998 |
9 |
3 |
13 |
18 |
38.352 |
69.519 |
13.9 |
4.3 |
“Felt (IV) at Dushanbe.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 September) |
1998 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
33.777 |
60.075 |
34.3 |
3.9 |
“Felt at Qaen.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 October) |
1998 |
11 |
6 |
21 |
37 |
36.486 |
68.244 |
29.4 |
3.8 |
“Felt at Kabul.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 November) |
1998 |
11 |
27 |
0 |
29 |
29.736 |
67.392 |
19.0 |
3.4 |
“Felt in the Harnai-Quetta-Sibi area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 November) |
1998 |
12 |
11 |
20 |
16 |
36.500 |
71.024 |
220.5 |
5.6 |
“Five people killed, seven injured and some damage at Kabul, Afghanistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1998 ) |
1999 |
1 |
23 |
9 |
53 |
32.342 |
69.848 |
30.4 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Peshawar and in other parts of northern Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 January) |
1999 |
2 |
11 |
14 |
8 |
34.316 |
69.184 |
13.6 |
6.0 |
“An earthquake in the Lowgar (Logar) and Vardak provinces of Afghanistan destroyed approximately 7,000 houses, killing 70, injuring about 500 people, and making at least 14,000 homeless. Damage extended to Kabul where several people were injured. The shock was felt in Pakistan at Peshawar and Islamabad.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“Seventy people killed, 500 injured, at least 14,000 homeless and 7,000 houses destroyed in Lowgar and Vardak Provinces. Several people injured at Kabul. Felt at Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 February) |
1999 |
4 |
28 |
13 |
0 |
33.243 |
73.239 |
10.9 |
3.6 |
“Felt at Islamabad and Rawalpindi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 April) |
1999 |
6 |
29 |
23 |
18 |
36.606 |
71.376 |
189.0 |
5.7 |
“Felt (V) at Khorugh and (IV) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan; (III) at Toshkent, Uzbekistan. Also felt at Kabul, Afghanistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 June) |
1999 |
7 |
12 |
3 |
42 |
29.963 |
69.433 |
19.5 |
5.7 |
“A landslide blocked a road between Barkhan and Kohlu. Felt in the epicentral area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 July) |
1999 |
7 |
28 |
13 |
17 |
29.880 |
69.425 |
24.5 |
5.5 |
“Felt at Barkhan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 July) |
1999 |
10 |
25 |
18 |
32 |
29.867 |
69.454 |
22.7 |
4.1 |
“Felt at Barkhan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 October) |
1999 |
10 |
31 |
17 |
9 |
38.688 |
66.410 |
23.0 |
5.0 |
“Felt (IV) at Bukhara, Karshi and Samarqand. Also felt (III) at Chardzhev, Turkmenistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 October) |
1999 |
11 |
8 |
16 |
45 |
36.469 |
71.231 |
228.0 |
6.5 |
“One person injured at Kabul; felt throughout eastern Afghanistan. Felt (VI) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Felt (V) at Samarqand and Toshkent; (IV) at Farghona; (III) at Andijon and Namangan, Uzbekistan. Felt (III) at Chardzhev, Turkmenistan. Felt in much of Pakistan from North West Frontier Province to parts of Sindh Province. Felt at Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Also felt in many parts of northern India as far south as Delhi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 November) |
1999 |
11 |
8 |
21 |
37 |
35.699 |
61.224 |
9.0 |
5.5 |
“Many houses destroyed in villages near Sarakhs and Torbat-e Jam, Iran. Felt at Mashhad and in much of northeastern Khorasan Province, Iran. Felt (III) at Gushgy, Mary and Saragt, Turkmenistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 November) |
1999 |
11 |
9 |
4 |
11 |
35.669 |
61.278 |
7.3 |
3.1 |
“Felt at Torbat-e Jam, Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 November) |
1999 |
11 |
9 |
5 |
20 |
35.694 |
61.250 |
15.0 |
5.4 |
“Felt at Torbat-e Jam, Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 November) |
1999 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
49 |
35.704 |
61.239 |
19.0 |
4.9 |
“Felt at Torbat-e Jam, Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 November) |
1999 |
12 |
5 |
13 |
12 |
35.654 |
61.204 |
20.0 |
5.0 |
“Felt at Salehabad, Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 ) |
1999 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
2 |
35.761 |
61.275 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
“Felt at Salehabad, Iran.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999 ) |
1999 |
12 |
25 |
13 |
28 |
38.698 |
66.385 |
35.2 |
5.0 |
“Felt (IV) at Karshi and (III) at Samarqand.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 1999) |
2000 |
1 |
19 |
7 |
9 |
36.323 |
70.371 |
207.0 |
6.0 |
“Felt at Jalalabad and Kabul. Felt in northern Pakistan from Chitral south to Lahore, including the Islamabad area. Also felt (III) at Andijon, Farghona and Toshkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 January) |
2000 |
4 |
20 |
8 |
41 |
38.619 |
66.465 |
10.4 |
5.3 |
“Southeastern Uzbekistan. Felt (VI) at Qamashi, (IV) at Samarqand and (III) at Toshkent. Also felt (III) at Turkmenabat, Turkmenistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 April) |
2000 |
4 |
21 |
11 |
2 |
38.629 |
66.391 |
27.8 |
4.1 |
“Felt (III) at Qamashi and (II) at Samarqand.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 April) |
2000 |
5 |
1 |
18 |
41 |
38.022 |
73.068 |
141.7 |
5.6 |
“Felt (III) at Andijon, Namangan and Toshkent, Uzbekistan. Also felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 May) |
2000 |
5 |
8 |
3 |
3 |
35.189 |
60.969 |
30.0 |
3.1 |
“Felt at Torbat-e-Jam.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 May) |
2000 |
5 |
12 |
23 |
10 |
35.866 |
70.677 |
95.0 |
6.3 |
“Felt strongly in Badakhshan Province. Felt at Kabul and in much of northeastern Afghanistan. Felt at Peshawar, Pakistan. Felt (IV) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan and (III) at Samarqand and Toshkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 May) |
2000 |
6 |
9 |
4 |
36 |
38.529 |
66.300 |
10.0 |
4.0 |
“Felt (V) at Ghuzor and Kamashi; (IV) at Pachkamar; (III) at Qarshi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 June) |
2000 |
7 |
17 |
22 |
53 |
36.228 |
70.967 |
135.0 |
6.3 |
“Two people killed at Peshawar, Pakistan when a three-story building collapsed. Felt (III) at Andijon, Farghona and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt in northern India, northern Pakistan and at Kabul, Afghanistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 July) |
2000 |
7 |
28 |
5 |
22 |
36.500 |
70.993 |
225.3 |
5.3 |
“Felt (II) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 July) |
2000 |
10 |
19 |
1 |
49 |
31.609 |
73.578 |
36.6 |
4.0 |
“Felt strongly at Lahore, Faisalabad and Sargodha.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 October) |
2000 |
10 |
30 |
22 |
39 |
37.542 |
69.594 |
6.4 |
5.1 |
“At least 800 buildings damaged and 17,000 people homeless in the Farkhor area, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2000 October) |
2001 |
1 |
18 |
8 |
41 |
38.648 |
66.385 |
12.1 |
5.3 |
“Felt (III) at Tashkent. Also felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 January) |
2001 |
2 |
25 |
2 |
22 |
36.418 |
70.867 |
200.0 |
6.1 |
“Felt in the Kabul area. Felt (V) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Felt (IV) at Tashkent, (III) at Fargona and (II) at Samarqand, Uzbekistan. Also felt (IV) at Shymkent and Taraz, Kazakhstan. Felt in northern Pakistan and as far south as Quetta. Also felt in Kashmir and in the New Delhi, India area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 February) |
2001 |
3 |
8 |
20 |
50 |
36.436 |
70.878 |
181.5 |
4.8 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan. Felt (II) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 March) |
2001 |
3 |
9 |
1 |
7 |
32.278 |
69.380 |
7.7 |
5.3 |
“Felt in the epicentral area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 March) |
2001 |
3 |
23 |
19 |
28 |
38.445 |
68.236 |
23.6 |
3.7 |
“Felt (V) at Dushanbe and (IV) at Gusar. Also felt (V) at Denov, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 March) |
2001 |
4 |
3 |
12 |
2 |
38.482 |
68.635 |
74.5 |
4.0 |
“Felt (III) at Dushanbe.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 April) |
2001 |
4 |
4 |
11 |
13 |
36.485 |
66.221 |
11.1 |
4.2 |
“Felt (II) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan and at Termiz, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 April) |
2001 |
4 |
17 |
5 |
8 |
36.911 |
66.694 |
30.6 |
4.6 |
“Felt (IV) at Termiz and (II) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt (III) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 April) |
2001 |
5 |
6 |
22 |
52 |
37.354 |
72.253 |
198.8 |
4.4 |
“Felt (III) at Dushanbe and Jerino; (II) at Igron.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 May) |
2001 |
5 |
22 |
9 |
15 |
36.563 |
71.426 |
188.8 |
5.3 |
“Felt (IV) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Felt in the Chitral- Peshawar area, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 May) |
2001 |
6 |
1 |
14 |
0 |
35.089 |
69.329 |
38.0 |
5.0 |
“At least 4 people killed, 20 injured and several houses destroyed in Parvan Province.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 June) |
2001 |
6 |
20 |
9 |
41 |
34.945 |
73.911 |
35.2 |
3.8 |
“Felt in the epicentral area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 June) |
2001 |
7 |
16 |
16 |
7 |
32.896 |
73.121 |
47.0 |
5.1 |
“Felt at Abbottabad, Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar and Rawalpindi. Felt at New Delhi and in other parts of northern India. Also felt in Kashmir.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 July) |
2001 |
7 |
24 |
11 |
40 |
37.208 |
72.097 |
171.3 |
5.1 |
“Felt (III) at Dushanbe.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 July) |
2001 |
8 |
28 |
19 |
40 |
37.934 |
72.792 |
126.4 |
5.2 |
“Felt (III) at Dushanbe. Also felt (III) at Andijon, Namangan and Samarqand; (II) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 August) |
2001 |
10 |
2 |
0 |
39 |
35.452 |
71.046 |
91.5 |
4.6 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 October) |
2001 |
10 |
8 |
1 |
17 |
32.917 |
60.269 |
15.0 |
4.4 |
“One person injured and about 200 houses damaged in Khorasan Province. Also felt in parts of Afghanistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 October) |
2001 |
11 |
23 |
20 |
43 |
36.366 |
71.470 |
102.0 |
6.1 |
“Felt at Chitral, Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan. Also felt at Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Felt (II) at Namangan and Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2001 November) |
2002 |
1 |
3 |
7 |
5 |
36.005 |
70.673 |
133.0 |
6.1 |
“At least one person injured and felt strongly in the Mazar-e Sharif-Kabul area. Felt (V) at Dushanbe, Jerino and Khorugh, Tajikistan. Felt (IV) at Samarqand and (III) at Jizzax, Qarshi and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt at Islamabad, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Also felt in northwestern India.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 January) |
2002 |
1 |
9 |
6 |
45 |
38.669 |
69.889 |
10.0 |
5.3 |
“At least 3 people killed, 50 injured and 209 buildings damaged in the Roghun area. Felt (IV) at Dushanbe.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 January) |
2002 |
1 |
27 |
22 |
22 |
31.194 |
74.557 |
43.0 |
4.2 |
“Felt in the Lahore area, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 January) |
2002 |
2 |
3 |
20 |
59 |
38.686 |
69.907 |
30.7 |
4.1 |
“Several people injured and several buildings damaged in the Roghun area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 February) |
2002 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
36 |
36.456 |
70.981 |
198.1 |
4.3 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 February) |
2002 |
3 |
3 |
12 |
8 |
36.421 |
70.465 |
204.0 |
7.4 |
“At least 150 people killed, several injured and 400 houses damaged or destroyed by a landslide that dammed and flooded Surkundara Valley, Samangan Province. At least 13 people killed at Kabul and Rostaq and 3 people killed in Bajaur, Pakistan. At least 300 houses destroyed in Badakhshan and Takhar Provinces. A 45 meter wide fissure opened in Xiker Reservoir in Xinjiang, China. Felt in much of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Felt (VI) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Felt (V) at Qarshi, Samarqand and Tashkent; (IV) at Andijon and Namangan, Uzbekistan. Felt (V) at Osh; (IV) at Batken and Sufi-Kurgan; (III) at Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Felt (III) at Shymkent, Taraz and Zhambyl, Kazakhstan. Also felt in India and Xinjiang, China.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 March) |
2002 |
3 |
3 |
21 |
3 |
29.989 |
69.466 |
20.0 |
4.0 |
“Felt at Barkhan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 March) |
2002 |
3 |
25 |
14 |
56 |
36.061 |
69.241 |
8.0 |
6.1 |
“A series of shallow earthquakes hit the Nahrin district of Baghlan province in the evening of 25 March, the early morning 26 March and the afternoon of 27 March. The epicenter of the earthquakes was located southeast of Nahrin district in Baghlan province. The affected area included a radius of 12-15 km around Nahrin. Other affected areas include Burkha, Panshjiri, Lakankhel and Toli. In all 78 villages were affected by the earthquakes resulting in approximately 1200 deaths.” (Ambraseys and Bilham, 2003a)
“The damage and loss of life were predominantly caused by the mud-brick construction, characteristic of much of Afghanistan and adjacent countries. Had houses been built to the same standards as most mosques, loss of life would have `been greatly reduced. Based on performance of mosques in New and Old Nahrin, we assigned a maximum MMI of VII, corresponding to an MSK intensity of VII.” (Yeats and Madden, 2003).
“At least 1,000 people killed, several hundred injured and several thousand homeless in Baghlan Province. At least 1,500 houses destroyed or damaged at Nahrin and several hundred more in other areas of Baghlan Province. Landslides blocked many roads in the epicentral area. Felt strongly in much of northern Afghanistan. Also felt in the Islamabad- Peshawar area, Pakistan and at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 March) |
2002 |
3 |
27 |
8 |
52 |
36.056 |
69.273 |
9.4 |
5.6 |
“Casualties are included with the event of March 25 at 14:56 UTC. Additional landslides and damage in the epicentral area. Felt in the Islamabad-Peshawar area, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 March) |
2002 |
4 |
12 |
4 |
0 |
35.986 |
69.326 |
7.0 |
5.9 |
“At least 50 people killed, 150 injured, 160 houses destroyed and 250 damaged in the Do Abi- Nahrin area. Landslides blocked a road to Nahrin. Felt at Kabul. Felt at Islamabad, Lahore and Peshawar, Pakistan. Also felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 April) |
2002 |
4 |
14 |
2 |
4 |
38.399 |
73.457 |
131.0 |
5.5 |
“Felt (III) at Fargona and (II) at Andijon and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt in the Islamabad-Peshawar area, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 April) |
2002 |
4 |
18 |
22 |
12 |
35.439 |
74.463 |
8.1 |
4.1 |
“Felt in Jammu and Kashmir.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 April) |
2002 |
6 |
9 |
22 |
18 |
36.422 |
71.308 |
81.2 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 June) |
2002 |
7 |
13 |
20 |
6 |
30.658 |
69.899 |
14.0 |
5.8 |
“Felt in parts of Balochistan, Punjab and southern North-West Frontier Provinces. Landslides blocked some roads in the epicentral area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 July) |
2002 |
8 |
3 |
15 |
26 |
33.932 |
72.938 |
44.6 |
4.0 |
“Felt in Punjab.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 August) |
2002 |
8 |
13 |
22 |
24 |
36.520 |
71.551 |
88.8 |
4.5 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 August) |
2002 |
10 |
1 |
2 |
51 |
36.371 |
70.711 |
153.2 |
5.2 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 October) |
2002 |
10 |
3 |
7 |
23 |
31.581 |
73.680 |
33.2 |
4.6 |
“Felt at Lahore.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 October) |
2002 |
11 |
1 |
22 |
9 |
35.469 |
74.692 |
21.1 |
5.4 |
“At least 11 people killed, 40 injured, 4,000 homeless and 1,000 houses damaged in the Gilgit area. Landslides blocked a portion of the Karakoram Highway and killed hundreds of cattle.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 November) |
2002 |
11 |
3 |
7 |
33 |
35.368 |
74.625 |
32.3 |
5.3 |
“Casualties and damage are included with the event of November 1 at 22:09 UTC.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 November) |
2002 |
11 |
20 |
21 |
32 |
35.330 |
74.528 |
13.0 |
6.3 |
“Nineteen people killed, at least 40 injured, 100 houses destroyed, at least 1,256 buildings damaged and extensive damage to utilities in the Dashkin-Doian- Mushkin area. Dozens of cattle killed and landslides blocked and damaged many roads in the area. Felt (IV) at Srinagar. Also felt as far as Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 November) |
2002 |
11 |
23 |
20 |
2 |
33.689 |
71.740 |
34.9 |
4.7 |
“Felt in the Peshawar area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 November) |
2002 |
12 |
19 |
18 |
59 |
35.252 |
74.535 |
20.3 |
4.1 |
“Felt at Gilgit, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 ) |
2002 |
12 |
19 |
22 |
21 |
35.232 |
74.515 |
20.9 |
5.0 |
“Felt in Jammu and Kashmir.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 ) |
2002 |
12 |
23 |
0 |
13 |
36.111 |
71.279 |
103.3 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Chitral and in other parts of northwestern Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 ) |
2002 |
12 |
25 |
19 |
13 |
35.660 |
69.833 |
89.1 |
5.5 |
“Minor damage to dozens of buildings at Jalalabad. Felt at Bagram and Kabul. Also felt at Islamabad, Pakistan. Felt (II) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 ) |
2002 |
12 |
28 |
4 |
1 |
36.454 |
70.934 |
193.7 |
4.5 |
“Felt in northeastern Afghanistan and at Chitral, Drosh, Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2002 ) |
2003 |
3 |
29 |
11 |
46 |
35.921 |
70.548 |
110.0 |
5.8 |
“One person killed and two injured at Bajaur, Pakistan. Felt at Chitral, Islamabad, Peshawar and Rawalpindi. Felt at Kabul and in other parts of Afghanistan. Also felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Felt (III) at Andijon, Samarqand and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Also felt (III) at Gowurdak, Turkmenistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 March) |
2003 |
4 |
3 |
14 |
39 |
36.377 |
71.337 |
82.9 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 April) |
2003 |
4 |
10 |
14 |
0 |
35.991 |
70.676 |
93.1 |
4.6 |
“About 200 houses destroyed and landslides occurred in the Yaka Bagh area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 April) |
2003 |
4 |
25 |
16 |
50 |
36.643 |
71.541 |
89.2 |
5.1 |
“Felt at Chitral, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 April) |
2003 |
7 |
3 |
14 |
59 |
35.413 |
60.763 |
15.0 |
5.2 |
“Sixty houses damaged at Yakhak, 50 houses damaged at Bashirabad and 40 houses damaged at Butehgaz.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 July) |
2003 |
9 |
20 |
13 |
59 |
35.994 |
73.388 |
28.8 |
4.9 |
“Felt in the Chitral and Peshawar areas, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 September) |
2003 |
11 |
16 |
22 |
51 |
33.238 |
60.104 |
15.0 |
4.8 |
“Felt in eastern Khorasan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2003 November) |
2004 |
2 |
14 |
10 |
30 |
34.750 |
73.178 |
12.7 |
5.4 |
“At least 24 people killed, including 14 by landslides, and about 40 injured in the Balakot-Batgram-Mansehra area. More than 1,420 buildings collapsed, 5,379 damaged and roads cracked and blocked by landslides in the area. About 20 percent of water wells damaged in Manshera. Felt throughout the North-West Frontier Province. Power and telephone cables damaged at Srinagar, Kashmir. Also felt at Gulmarg, Kashmir and Kabul, Afghanistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 February) |
2004 |
2 |
22 |
8 |
3 |
34.821 |
73.312 |
27.5 |
4.7 |
“Felt in Mansehra.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 February) |
2004 |
3 |
10 |
9 |
47 |
36.563 |
71.009 |
172.2 |
4.5 |
“Felt (III) at Chitral; also felt at Peshawar, Pakistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 March) |
2004 |
3 |
12 |
22 |
45 |
36.358 |
70.753 |
215.0 |
5.7 |
“Felt at Bagrami and Kabul.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 March) |
2004 |
3 |
21 |
10 |
34 |
38.664 |
73.497 |
110.2 |
5.3 |
“Felt (IV) at Quvasoy and (III) at Fargona and Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 March) |
2004 |
3 |
30 |
15 |
19 |
29.782 |
68.249 |
12.9 |
4.2 |
“Felt at Sibi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 March) |
2004 |
4 |
5 |
21 |
24 |
36.487 |
71.025 |
184.1 |
6.5 |
“At least one person killed in the Shahr-e Bozorg area and two people killed at Kabul. At least five people injured in Pakistan. Felt at Delhi and Guragon, India; Srinagar, Kashmir; Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan. Felt (IV) at Termiz and (III) at Andijon, Fargona, Namangan and Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 April) |
2004 |
4 |
14 |
14 |
13 |
36.580 |
71.121 |
225.5 |
4.7 |
“Felt in the Chitral- Islamabad-Peshawar area, Pakistan. Felt (III) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 April) |
2004 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
33 |
35.689 |
69.699 |
102.5 |
4.7 |
“Felt at Kabul and Kondoz.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 May) |
2004 |
5 |
8 |
20 |
11 |
30.126 |
67.066 |
6.9 |
4.5 |
“At least one person killed, about 30 injured and minor damage to some buildings in the Quetta area.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 May) |
2004 |
5 |
13 |
4 |
0 |
29.596 |
68.371 |
24.0 |
5.1 |
“Three houses damaged at Sibi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 May) |
2004 |
5 |
22 |
19 |
54 |
29.676 |
68.331 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
“Felt at Sibi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 May) |
2004 |
7 |
14 |
14 |
36 |
34.873 |
61.820 |
1.8 |
4.6 |
“One-hundred and fifty houses damaged in western Herat.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 July) |
2004 |
7 |
15 |
8 |
18 |
35.902 |
70.624 |
10.0 |
4.4 |
“Felt at Bagram and Kabul. Also felt at Abbottabad, Chitral, Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan. Also felt at Srinagar, India.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 July) |
2004 |
7 |
18 |
8 |
31 |
33.349 |
69.500 |
9.1 |
4.8 |
“Two people killed, 40 injured and hundreds of houses destroyed in Paktia Province.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 July) |
2004 |
7 |
19 |
13 |
39 |
29.592 |
67.650 |
24.4 |
4.8 |
“Felt at Sibi.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 July) |
2004 |
8 |
10 |
1 |
47 |
36.418 |
70.780 |
208.7 |
6.0 |
“At least two people injured in Mansehra, Pakistan. Felt in Balkh, Kabul, Kondoz and Takhar, Afghanistan. Also felt at Chitral, Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Rawalpindi and Swat, Pakistan; Gurgaon, India; and Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Felt (IV) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Also felt (IV) at Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt (II) at Shymkent, Kazakhstan.” (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 August) |
2004 |
8 |
13 |
10 |
48 |
30.913 |
69.745 |
13.6 |
5.1 |
Felt strongly at Multan. (U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Preliminary Determination of Epicenters for 2004 August) |