Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl Hapke Originator: David Reid Publication_Date: 2006 Title: NORCAL_BIASVALUES - Northern California Shoreline Bias Values Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1251 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1251/NCal.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl Hapke Originator: David Reid Publication_Date: 2006 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the Sandy Shorelines of the California Coast Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1251 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1251/ Description: Abstract: The USGS has produced a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines by compiling shoreline positions from pre-existing historical shoreline databases and by generating historical and modern shoreline data. Shorelines are compiled by state and generally correspond to one of four time periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, 1970s, and 1998-2002. These shorelines were used to calculate long-term and short-term change rates in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 3.0; An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1304, Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Miller, T.M. Shoreline vectors derived from historic sources (first three time periods) represent the high water line (HWL) at the time of the survey, whereas modern shorelines (final time period) represent the mean high water line (MHW). Changing the shoreline definition from a proxy-based physical feature that is uncontrolled in terms of an elevation datum (HWL) to a datum-based shoreline defined by an elevation contour (MHW) has important implications with regard to inferred changes in shoreline position and calculated rates of change. This proxy-datum offset is particularly important when averaging shoreline change rates alongshore. Since the proxy-datum offset is a bias, virtually always acting in the same direction, the error associated with the apparent shoreline change rate shift does not cancel during averaging and it is important to quantify the bias in order to account for the rate shift. The shoreline change rates presented in this report have been calculated by accounting for the proxy-datum bias. Purpose: Historical shoreline change is considered to be a crucial element in studying the vulnerability of the national shoreline. These data are used in a shoreline change analysis for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Assessment Project. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.408341 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.967696 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.997984 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.230976 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Historic Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Rate Theme_Keyword: Linear Regression Rate Theme_Keyword: Endpoint Rate Theme_Keyword: Baseline Theme_Keyword: Beach Erosion Theme_Keyword: Beach Nourishment Theme_Keyword: LIDAR Theme_Keyword: T-sheet Theme_Keyword: Tp-sheet Theme_Keyword: Coastal Survey Map Theme_Keyword: Bias Theme_Keyword: Offset Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: ESRI polyline shapefile Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: California Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Bruce Richmond Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Pacific Science Center Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: Ca Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 427-4450 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4748 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Eastern Standard Time Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl J. Hapke Originator: David Reid Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeff List Publication_Date: 2006 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change Part 3: Historical Shoreline Change and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along Sandy Shorelines of the California Coast Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1219 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1219/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. Robert Thieler Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: Tara L. Miller Publication_Date: 2005 Title: The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 3.0, an ArcGIS Extension for Calculating Historic Shoreline Change Edition: 3.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1304 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/version3/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Laura Moore Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeff List Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should proxy-datum offsets be incorporated in shoreline change analysis. Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: v.22, n.4, pp. 894-905 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Royal Palm Beach, FL Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The proxy-datum bias, and the associated uncertainty, is calculated at each of the 1-km blocks in which the average beach slope has been calculated. The nearest WIS station, wave buoy, and tide gage to each individual 1-km block were used in the application of Equation 1. Once the bias was calculated, it was incorporated into DSAS and applied on a transect-by-transect basis, so that the estimated bias is removed from the final long- and short-term shoreline change rates. Completeness_Report: The bias, averaged over 815 1-km sections of the California coast, was approximately 18 m with an average uncertainty of approximately 8.7m. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The bias uncertainty, averaged over 815 1-km sections of the California coast, was approximately 18 m with an average uncertainty of approximately 8.7m. Please see the Open File Report for more information (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1219/) Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: In order to calculate the bias, as well as the bias uncertainty, for this regional shoreline change analysis, long-term best estimates and measures of uncertainty are derived for beach slope, wave height, wave length, and tide level. The best estimate for beach slope was derived by averaging individual lidar transect slope estimates within 1-km blocks along the coast. We take the long-term mean wave height and length to be the best estimate to use in the bias calculation. The long-term mean wave height is derived from USACOE Wave Information Studies (WIS) hindcasts while the long-term mean wave length is derived from long-term buoy records (NDBC and CDIP) along the California Coast. Finally, the best estimate of the tide level responsible for generating HWL shorelines is taken as the elevation of MHW. The measures of uncertainty for the beach slope, wave height, and wave length are estimated as the difference between the 95% exceedance statistic and the 50% exceedance statistic of the cumulative distributions. This gives a 90% confidence interval on each of the cumulative distributions. The uncertainty of assuming that the tide responsible for leaving HWL-type shorelines was at MHW is calculated simply by MHHW-MHW. The proxy-datum bias, and the associated uncertainty, is calculated at each of the 1-km blocks in which the average beach slope has been calculated. The nearest WIS station, wave buoy, and tide gage to each individual 1-km block were used in the application of Equation 1. Once the bias was calculated, it was incorporated into DSAS and applied on a transect-by-transect basis, so that the estimated bias is removed from the final long- and short-term shoreline change rates. The bias, averaged over 815 1-km sections of the California coast, was approximately 18 m with an average uncertainty of approximately 8.7m. Please See Below References for More information about the procedure: Ruggiero, P., Kaminsky, G.M., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2003, Linking proxy-based and datum-based shorelines on a high-energy coastline: Implications for shoreline change analyses: Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 38, p. 57-82. Moore, L.J., Ruggiero, P.R. and List, J., 2006. Comparing high water line and datum-based shorelines: Implications for shoreline change. Journal of Coastal Research, v.22, n.4, pp. 894-905. Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Bruce Richmond Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Pacific Science Center Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: Ca Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 427-4450 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4748 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Pacific Standard Time Process_Step: Process_Description: Data were projected from UTM zone 10 to geographic with a datum shift from NAD27 to NAD83 Tool: ArcGIS > ArcToolbox > Toolboxes > Data Management Tools > Project Command issued: GEOGCS['GCS_North_American_1983',DATUM['D_North_American_1983',SPHEROID['GRS_1980',6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM['Greenwich',0.0],UNIT['Degree',0.0174532925199433]] # NAD_1927_To_NAD_1983_NADCON Process_Date: 20070716 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Emily Himmelstoss Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2262 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 7837 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Norcal_BiasValues Entity_Type_Definition: Bias Uncertainty Values Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID Attribute_Definition: Feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential Numbers defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIAS_VALUE Attribute_Definition: Bias Value Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: meters Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bias Value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: LT_MAXMIN Attribute_Definition: Long-Term Bias Range (High/Low) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: meters Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Long-Term Time Range Bias High/Low Values Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: DESCR Attribute_Definition: Detailed description of the feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Describes additional characteristics of feature. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ST_MAXMIN Attribute_Definition: Short Term Bias Range (High/Low) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: meters Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Short Term Time Range Bias High/Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Pacific Science Center Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: Ca Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 427-4450 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4748 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Eastern Standard Time Resource_Description: Downloadable Data: USGS Open-File Report 2006-1251 Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, these data and information are provided with the understanding that they are not guaranteed to be usable, timely, accurate, or complete. Users are cautioned to consider carefully the provisional nature of these data and information before using them for decisions that concern personal or public safety or the conduct of business that involves substantial monetary or operational consequences. Conclusions drawn from, or actions undertaken on the basis of, such data and information are the sole responsibility of the user. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any data, software, information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Trade, firm, or product names and other references to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, express or implied, by the USGS, USDOI, or U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: SHP Format_Version_Date: 20060901 Format_Specification: ESRI polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: Seven files comprise the ArcView shapefile: .dbf, .shp, .shx, .prj, .avl, .sbx, .sbn File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.038 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1251/NCal.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1251/#gis Access_Instructions: Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW). Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20070716 Metadata_Review_Date: 20070301 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Pacific Science Center Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: Ca Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 427-4450 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4748 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Eastern Standard Time Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile