Vectorized Shoreline of Northern California Derived from 2002 Lidar Source Data

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Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Vectorized Shoreline of Northern California Derived from 2002 Lidar Source Data
Abstract:
There are critical needs for a nationwide compilation of reliable shoreline data. To meet these needs, the USGS has produced a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines by compiling shoreline positions from pre-existing historical shoreline databases and by generating historical and modern shoreline data. Shorelines are compiled by state and generally correspond to one of four time periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, 1970s, and 1998-2002. Each shoreline may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources for one or more dates provided by one or more agencies. Details regarding source are provided in the 'Data Quality Information' section of this metadata report. Shoreline vectors derived from historic sources (first three time periods) represent the high water line at the time of the survey, whereas modern shorelines (final time period) represent the mean high water line.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Hapke, Cheryl, and Reid, David, Unknown, Vectorized Shoreline of Northern California Derived from 2002 Lidar Source Data: Open-File Report 2006-1251, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Hapke, Cheryl, Reid, David, Richmond, Bruce, Ruggiero, Peter, and List, Jeff, Unknown, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 3, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the Sandy Shorelines of California: Open-File Report 2006-1219, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.442128
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.965869
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.004365
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.223046

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 1998
    Ending_Date: 2002
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):

      • String (7877)

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 10
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.001024
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.001024
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.400000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.978698.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Norcal2002
    Vector Shoreline from Lidar Overflight (Source: USGS)

    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI)

    Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    ACCURACY
    Position accuracy of feature. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

    ValueDefinition
    0The accuracy is not given or is not known.

    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: ESRI)

    Coordinates defining the features.

    ID
    Feature number. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:40677

    TYPE
    Type of feature. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

    ValueDefinition
    ShorelineVector shoreline.

    DESCR
    Detailed description of the feature. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

    Describes additional characteristics of the feature.

    SOURCE
    Agency that provided feature or data used to create feature. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

    Describes source data of the feature.

    DATE_
    Date of Lidar Over Flight (Source: USGS)


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center
    c/o Bruce Richmond
    400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, Ca 95060
    USA

    (831)-427-4450 (voice)
    (831)-427-4748 (FAX)

    Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Eastern Standard Time


Why was the data set created?

Historical shoreline change is considered to be a crucial element in studying the vulnerability of the national shoreline. These data are used in a shoreline change analysis for the USGS National Assessment Project.


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    Lidar (source 1 of 1)
    Hapke, Cheryl, and Reid, David, Unknown, THE NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SHORELINE CHANGE: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the Sandy Shorelines of the California Coast.: Open File Report 2006-1251, USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, USGS Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Hapke, Cheryl, Reid, David, Richmond, Bruce, Ruggiero, Peter, and List, Jeff, Unknown, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 3, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the Sandy Shorelines of California Coast: Open File Report 2006-1219, USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, USGS Pacific Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Lidar Vector Shoreline
    Source_Contribution: USGS/NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    The USGS in collaboration with NASA, used the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM II and III) mounted on a Twin Otter Aircraft to map coastal beaches. The raw data was georeferenced at elevation points every few square meters. The original data from ATM was collected in WGS 84, ITRF 97, in a geographic (lat/long) coordinate system with irregular spacing. The data was then converted to NAD 83 and NAVD 88. The shoreline generation involved an analysis of shore-normal profiles at 20m intervals alongshore. First, a shore-parallel reference line was digitized as a permanent baseline for any future shoreline generation. Profiles were assessed at 20m intervals perpendicular to the reference line. Each profile consisted of a 4m wide swath of data points. An algorithm determined the shoreline position for each profile based on a regression fit through the foreshore of the profile. The function was evaluated at the mean high water (mhw) level to identify the horizontal position of the shoreline. Results were only accepted if the R-squared value of the regression was significant to the 95% confidence level. The shoreline point solutions were then quality checked in ArcView GIS software against a gray scale elevation grid of the same data. Point solutions were connected to produce a continuous vector shoreline in shapefile format.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Bruce Richmond
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center
    400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, Ca 95060
    USA

    (831)-427-4450 (voice)
    (831)-427-4748 (FAX)

    Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Pacific Standard Time
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    The maximum positional error for this shoreline, considered independently, is 1.5m. However, if the lidar mean high water shoreline (mhwl) is used for comparison with other high water shorelines (hwl), an additional shoreline proxy offset must be considered. When the offset error is considered, as it pertains to lidar shorelines of the coastline of California, it varies based on beach slope, wave height, wave length, and tide level. Calculations of these parameters along the open coastline of California were made in order to quantify this bias offset. Please visit our full report on shoreline change along the sandy shoreline of the coast of California (<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1219/>), under the heading 'Uncertainties and Errors', for a complete explanation of the measurement error.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    This shoreline data adequately represented the shoreline at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in this data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    There is significant agreement of linework between adjacent shorelines. Shorelines were checked for accuracy, but no edgematching attempts were made between adjacent shorelines even if slight offsets existed.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This data set is not to be used for navigational purposes.
Public domain data from the U.S. government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center
    400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, Ca 95060
    USA

    (831)-427-4450 (voice)
    (831)-427-4748 (FAX)

    Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Eastern Standard Time
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    USGS Open-File Report 2006-1219

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, these data and information are provided with the understanding that they are not guaranteed to be usable, timely, accurate, or complete. Users are cautioned to consider carefully the provisional nature of these data and information before using them for decisions that concern personal or public safety or the conduct of business that involves substantial monetary or operational consequences. Conclusions drawn from, or actions undertaken on the basis of, such data and information are the sole responsibility of the user.
    Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any data, software, information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights.
    Trade, firm, or product names and other references to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, express or implied, by the USGS, USDOI, or U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 26-Aug-2006
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz, Ca 95060
USA

(831)-427-4450 (voice)
(831)-427-4748 (FAX)

Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Eastern Standard Time
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:


Generated by mp version 2.9.1 on Sat Aug 26 12:28:54 2006