Identification Information: Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Janet R. Stone Publication Date: 2013 Title: Till and bedrock of the Mount Grace-Ashburnham-Monson-Webster 24-Quadrangle Area in Central Massachusetts - till_bedrock Geospatial Data Presentation Form: vector digital data Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other Citation Details: This data layer is one of three data layers representing the compilation of surficial geologic materials. Larger Work Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Janet R. Stone Publication Date: 2013 Title: Surficial Geologic Map of the Mount Grace-Ashburnham-Monson-Webster 24-Quadrangle Area in Central Massachusetts Series Information: Series Name: Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-2006-1260-I Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I Description: Abstract: The till_bedrock data layer is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at 1:24,000 scale. This compilation of surficial geologic materials defines the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. The till_bedrock layer shows areas of thin till, thick till, moraine deposits, bedrock outcrops, and areas of abundant outcrop or shallow bedrock for a twenty-four-quadrangle area in central Massachusetts. Thin till and bedrock outcrops polygons are mutually exclusive; thick till and moraine polygons overlie areas of thin till, and abundant outcrop/shallow bedrock polygons overlie areas of thin till and may overlie individual bedrock outcrops. This data layer should be used in conjunction with the overlying stratified_deposits and postglacial data layers. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental geologic data for the evaluation of natural resources, hazards, and land information within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The till_bedrock data layer is part of a comprehensive effort to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at 1:24,000 scale. This compilation of surficial geologic materials defines the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. The till_bedrock layer shows areas of thin till, thick till, moraine deposits, bedrock outcrops, and areas of abundant outcrop or shallow bedrock for a twenty-four-quadrangle area in central Massachusetts. This data layer should be used in conjunction with the overlying stratified_deposits and postglacial data layers. This map of twenty-four quadrangles revises previous digital surficial geologic maps (Stone and others, 1993; MassGIS, 1999) that were compiled on base maps at regional scales of 1:250,000. Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 2013 Currentness Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance and Update Frequency: As needed Spatial Domain: Bounding Coordinates: West Bounding Coordinate: -72.384142 East Bounding Coordinate: -71.870478 North Bounding Coordinate: 42.727011 South Bounding Coordinate: 42.021539 Keywords: Theme: Theme Keyword Thesaurus: None Theme Keyword: till Theme Keyword: alluvium Theme Keyword: glacial deposits Theme Keyword: surficial geology Theme Keyword: alluvial fan Theme Keyword: stratified materials Theme Keyword: swamp deposits Theme Keyword: moraine Theme Keyword: stratified deposits Theme Keyword: artificial fill Place: Place Keyword Thesaurus: None Place Keyword: Mount Grace Place Keyword: Massachusetts Place Keyword: Royalston Place Keyword: Winchendon Place Keyword: Ashburnham Place Keyword: Orange Place Keyword: Athol Place Keyword: Templeton Place Keyword: Gardner Place Keyword: Quabbin Reservoir Place Keyword: Petersham Place Keyword: Barre Place Keyword: Wachusett Mountain Place Keyword: Winsor Dam Place Keyword: Ware Place Keyword: North Brookfield Place Keyword: Paxton Place Keyword: Palmer Place Keyword: Warren Place Keyword: East Brookfield Place Keyword: Leicester Place Keyword: Monson Place Keyword: Wales Place Keyword: Southbridge Place Keyword: Webster Temporal: Temporal Keyword Thesaurus: None Temporal Keyword: Holocene Temporal Keyword: Pleistocene Temporal Keyword: Quaternary Access Constraints: None. The data is in the public domain and may be redistributed. Use Constraints: No restrictions or legal prerequisites for using the data. The data are suitable for use at appropriate scale, and are not intended for maps printed at scales with higher resolution than 1:24,000 scale (1 inch = 2,000 feet). Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, neither the U.S. Geological Survey nor the United States Government nor the Commonwealth of Massachusetts makes any warranty, expressed or implied, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy of these data or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the United States Government, or the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the use of these data or related materials. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. Once the data are distributed to the user, modifications made to the data by the user should be noted in the metadata. When printing these data on a map or using them in a software application, analysis, or report, please acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the source for this information. Point of Contact: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact Person: Janet Stone Contact Address: Address Type: Unknown Address: 101 Pitkin St. City: East Hartford State or Province: CT Postal Code: 06108 Contact Voice Telephone: 860 291-6748 Contact Facsimile Telephone: 860 291-6799 Contact Electronic Mail Address: jrstone@usgs.gov Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet1_mount_grace.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Mount Grace quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet2_royalston.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Royalston quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet3_winchendon.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Winchendon quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet4_ashburnham.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Ashburnham quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet5_orange.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Orange quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet6_athol.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Athol quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet7_templeton.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Templeton quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet8_gardner.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Gardner quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet9_quabbin_reservoir.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Quabbin Reservoir quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet10_petersham.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Petersham quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet11_barre.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Barre quadrangles with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet12_wachusett_mountain.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Wachusett Mountain quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet13_winsor_dam.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Winsor Dam quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet14_ware.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Ware quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet15_north_brookfield.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the North Brookfield quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet16_paxton.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Paxton quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet17_palmer.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Palmer quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet18_warren.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Warren quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet19_east_brookfield.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the East Brookfield quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet20_leicester.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Leicester quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet21_monson.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Monson quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet22_wales.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Wales quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet23_southbridge.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Southbridge quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Browse Graphic: Browse Graphic File Name: sheet24_webster.pdf Browse Graphic File Description: This map shows the postglacial deposits, stratified deposits, and till and bedrock of the Webster quadrangle with a scanned topographic base at 1:24,000 scale. Browse Graphic File Type: pdf Data Set Credit: Multiple agencies and individuals contributed to this data layer: MassGIS scanned and georeferenced paper copies of the published surficial geologic maps for fifteen quadrangles; the Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist vectorized the georeferenced images and compiled geologic units in order to digitally retain the original information on the published maps (Mabee and others, 2004); U.S. Geological Survey personnel compiled and digitized the basic units for nine unpublished quadrangles from scanned field maps, and then joined and edge-matched the twenty four quadrangles in order to form a seamless geologic map. Security Information: Security Classification System: none Security Classification: Unclassified Security Handling Description: none Native Data Set Environment: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.2.3200 Data Quality Information: Attribute Accuracy: Attribute Accuracy Report: Attributes have been visually checked by the compilers. Logical Consistency Report: Polygon features conform to the following topological rules. There are no duplicate polygons. Polygons do not self overlap. Thin till and bedrock polygons are exclusive and do not overlap each other. Thick till and moraine polygons overlie thin till polygons. Abundant outcrop/shallow bedrock polygons overlie thin till polygons and may overlie individual bedrock outcrops. No automated procedures or tests were performed to guarantee desired topology other than visual inspection. Completeness Report: The completeness of the data reflects the feature content of the basic units chosen for this interim product for all data sources. Additional information can be found on the data sources, which may be utilized in future compilations. The layer is complete in the sense that it accurately reflects the till and bedrock units for this twenty-four-quadrangle area, noting that edits (including additional units) may occur to this data set when it is edge-matched to surrounding quadrangles during future compilations. Positional Accuracy: Horizontal Positional Accuracy: Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report: The horizontal positional accuracy of these data complies with the United States National Map Accuracy Standards for 1:24,000-scale maps. According to this standard, not more than 10 percent of the locations tested are to be in error by more than 1/50 inch (40 feet) measured on the publication scale of a USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map. Lineage: Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Hadley, J.B. Publication Date: 1949 Title: Surficial geology of the Mount Grace quadrangle, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1949 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Mount Grace Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Eschman, D.F. Publication Date: 1966 Title: Surficial geology of the Athol quadrangle, Worcester and Franklin Counties, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1966 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Athol Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication Date: 1978 Title: Preliminary map of surficial deposits of the Gardner quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-78-379 Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1978 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Gardner Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Mulholland, J.W. Publication Date: 1975 Title: Surficial geology of the Ware Quadrangle, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1975 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Ware Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Pomeroy, J.S. Publication Date: 1975 Title: Preliminary surficial geologic map of the East Brookfield quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-75-531 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1975 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: East Brookfield Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Pomeroy, J.S. Publication Date: 1977 Title: Surficial geologic map of the Warren quadrangle, Worcester, Hampden, and Hampshire Counties, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: Geologic Quadrangle Map Issue Identification: GQ-1357 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1977 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Warren Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Peper, J.D. Publication Date: 1978 Title: Surficial geologic map of the Palmer quadrangle, south-central Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: Geologic Quadrangle Map Issue Identification: GQ-1465 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1978 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Palmer Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Peper, J.D. Publication Date: 1977 Title: Surficial geologic map of the Monson quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: Geologic Quadrangle Map Issue Identification: GQ-1429 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1977 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Monson Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Moore, G.E Publication Date: 1978 Title: Preliminary bedrock, surficial, and structural data maps of the Southbridge quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut: Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-78-220 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1978 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Southbridge Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Barosh, P.J. Publication Date: 1973 Title: Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Webster quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-73-19 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1978 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Webster surficial Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Barosh, P.J. Publication Date: 2009 Title: Bedrock Geologic Map of the Webster Quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts and Windham County, Connecticut Geospatial Data Presentation Form: digital map Series Information: Series Name: Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist Open File Report Issue Identification: OF-09-02 Publication Information: Publication Place: Amherst, MA Publisher: Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist Type of Source Media: digital Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 2009 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Webster bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops and areas of shallow bedrock Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Barosh, P.J. Originator: Johnson, C.K. Publication Date: 1976 Title: Reconaissance bedrock geologic map of the Leicester quadrangle, Massachusetts; Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-76-814 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1976 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Leicester bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Springston, George Publication Date: 1990 Title: Stratigraphy and structural geology of the Royalston-Richmond area, Massachusetts-New Hampshire Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Publication Information: Publication Place: Amherst, MA Publisher: University of Massachusetts Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1990 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Royalston bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Peterson, V. L. Publication Date: 1984 Title: The structure and stratigraphy of the bedrock in the Ashburnham-Ashby area, north-centralMassachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1984 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Ashburnham bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops and areas of shallow bedrock Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Robinson, Peter Publication Date: 2008 Title: Bedrock Geologic Map and Cross Sections of the Orange Area, Massachusetts, Consisting of the Orange 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, the Western Part of the Athol 7.5-Minute Quadrangle and the Eastern Part of the Millers Falls 7.5-Minute Quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist Open File Report Issue Identification: OF-08-04 Publication Information: Publication Place: Amherst, MA Publisher: Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 2008 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Orange bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops and areas of shallow bedrock Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Tucker, R.D. Publication Date: 1977 Title: Bedrock geology of the Barre area, central Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: University of Massachusetts Department of Geosciences Contribution Issue Identification: 30 Publication Information: Publication Place: Amherst, MA Publisher: University of Massachusetts Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1977 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Barre bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Field, M.T. Publication Date: 1976 Title: Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Ware area, central Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-76-708 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1976 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Ware bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication Date: 1980 Title: Surficial geologic map of the Worcester North quadrangle and part of the Paxton quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Issue Identification: I-1158 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1980 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Paxton Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Walsh, G.J. Publication Date: 2002 Title: Bedrock geology in the vicinity of the Leicester well site, Paxton, Massachusetts Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue Identification: OF-2002-433 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 25,000 Type of Source Media: digital Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 2002 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Paxton bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Seiders, V.M. Publication Date: 1976 Title: Bedrock geologic map of the Wales quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Series Information: Series Name: U.S. Geological Survey Quadrangle Report Issue Identification: GQ-1320 Publication Information: Publication Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1976 Source Currentness Reference: publication date Source Citation Abbreviation: Wales bedrock Source Contribution: bedrock outcrops Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1975 Title: Unpublished field map of the Royalston quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1975 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Royalston Stone Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Larsen, F.D. Publication Date: 1980 Title: Unpublished field map of the Royalston quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1980 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Royalston Larsen Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1979 Title: Unpublished field map of the Winchendon quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1979 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Winchendon Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication Date: 1978 Title: Unpublished field map of the Ashburnham quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1978 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Ashburnham Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1976 Title: Unpublished field map of the Orange quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1976 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Orange Stone Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1979 Title: Unpublished field map of the Templeton quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1979 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Templeton Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1975 Title: Unpublished field map of the Quabbin Reservoir quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1975 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Quabbin Reservoir Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1976 Title: Unpublished field map of the Petersham quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1976 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Petersham Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Larsen, F.D. Publication Date: 1982 Title: Unpublished field map of the Barre quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1982 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Barre Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication Date: 1982 Title: Unpublished field map of the Wachusett Mountain quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1982 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Wachusett Mountain Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1976 Title: Unpublished field map of the Winsor Dam quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1976 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Winsor Dam Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Larsen, F.D. Publication Date: 1982 Title: Unpublished field map of the North Brookfield qaudrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1982 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: North Brookfield Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication Date: 1982 Title: Unpublished field map of the Paxton qaudrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1982 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Paxton unpub Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication Date: 1982 Title: Unpublished field map of the Leicester quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1982 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Leicester Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Stone, J.R. Publication Date: 1975 Title: Unpublished field map of the Wales quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1975 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Wales Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified (including, but not limited to, extension beneath water bodies and postglacial deposits). Source Information: Source Citation: Citation Information: Originator: Larsen, F.D. Publication Date: 1980 Title: Unpublished field map of the Orange quadrangle Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map Source Scale Denominator: 24,000 Type of Source Media: paper Source Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date: 1980 Source Currentness Reference: field date Source Citation Abbreviation: Orange Larsen Source Contribution: Glacial deposits - some stratified deposits have been modified. Process Step: Process Description: Paper copies of the published surficial geologic maps (9 quadrangles) were scanned at 500 dpi and georeferenced using lat/long coordinates (2nd-order polynomial transformation). Images were projected to UTM, zone 19, NAD27. Process Date: 20020101 Process Contact: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization: MassGIS Contact Person: Philip John Contact Position: GIS Analyst Contact Address: Address Type: Unknown Address: Information Technology Division - MassGIS Address: One Ashburton Place - Room 1601 City: Boston State or Province: MA Postal Code: 02108 Contact Voice Telephone: (617) 619-5637 Contact Electronic Mail Address: philip.john@state.ma.us Process Step: Process Description: The Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist vectorized the georeferenced images in order to digitally retain the original line work of the published maps (Mabee and others, 2004). Digital geologic map units were compiled and grouped into basic units and attributed: artificial fill, swamp deposits, floodplain alluvial deposits, cranberry bogs, glacial stratified deposits, glacial till, and bedrock areas (outcrops and areas of shallow bedrock). Process Date: 20040101 Process Contact: Contact Information: Contact Person Primary: Contact Person: Stephen B. Mabee Contact Position: State Geologist Contact Address: Address Type: Unknown Address: University of Massachusetts Address: Department of Geosciences Address: 611 North Pleasant St. City: Amherst State or Province: MA Postal Code: 01003 Contact Voice Telephone: (413) 545-4814 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (413) 545-1200 Contact Electronic Mail Address: sbmabee@eclogite.geo.umass.edu Process Step: Process Description: Basic unit coverages for each layer in each quadrangle were projected to Massachusetts state plane NAD83, then edited, edge-matched, and appended into a single layer for each geologic unit (covering all published quadrangles). Process Date: 20092010 Process Contact: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization: USGS Contact Person: Mary DiGiacomo-Cohen Contact Address: Address Type: Unknown Address: 101 Pitkin St. City: East Hartford State or Province: CT Postal Code: 06108 Contact Voice Telephone: 860 291-6769 Contact Electronic Mail Address: mdicohen@usgs.gov Process Step: Process Description: Unpublished field sheets were scanned and georeferenced. Published maps were consulted, and scanned and georeferenced if necessary. Geologic units were vectorized or created (on screen digiziting). Basic unit polygons for each layer in each quad were edited, edge-matched, and appended into a single layer for each geologic unit (covering all unpublished quadrangles). Process Date: 20092010 Process Contact: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization: USGS Contact Person: Mary DiGiacomo-Cohen Contact Address: Address Type: Unknown Address: 101 Pitkin St. City: East Hartford State or Province: CT Postal Code: 06108 Contact Voice Telephone: 860 291-6769 Contact Electronic Mail Address: mdicohen@usgs.gov Process Step: Process Description: Coverages were converted to shapefile format. Basic unit shapefiles for unpublished and published areas were edge-matched, edited as needed, and appended into layers for the twenty three quadrangle area, then combined into the three final layers. Process Date: 20102011 Process Contact: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization: USGS Contact Person: Mary DiGiacomo-Cohen Contact Address: Address Type: Unknown Address: 101 Pitkin St. City: East Hartford State or Province: CT Postal Code: 06108 Contact Voice Telephone: 860 291-6769 Contact Electronic Mail Address: mdicohen@usgs.gov Spatial Data Organization Information: Direct Spatial Reference Method: Vector Point and Vector Object Information: Spatial Reference Information: Horizontal Coordinate System Definition: Planar: Planar Coordinate Information: Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: coordinate pair Coordinate Representation: Abscissa Resolution: 0.000000008155898179040834 Ordinate Resolution: 0.000000008155898179040834 Planar Distance Units: Meter Geodetic Model: Horizontal Datum Name: D North American 1983 Ellipsoid Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity and Attribute Information: Detailed Description: Entity Type: Entity Type Label: till_bedrock Entity Type Definition: surficial geologic layer Entity Type Definition Source: compiler Attribute: Attribute Label: FID Attribute Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute Definition Source: ESRI Attribute Domain Values: Unrepresentable Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute Label: Shape Attribute Definition: Feature geometry Attribute Definition Source: ESRI Attribute Domain Values: Unrepresentable Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute Label: AREA Attribute Definition: area in square meters Attribute Definition Source: compiler Attribute Domain Values: Unrepresentable Domain: calculated area values Attribute: Attribute Label: PERIMETER Attribute Definition: perimeter distance in meters Attribute Definition Source: compiler Attribute Domain Values: Unrepresentable Domain: calculated perimeter values Attribute: Attribute Label: LEGEND Attribute Definition: map unit label Attribute Definition Source: compiler Attribute Domain Values: Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: t Enumerated Domain Value Definition: thin till Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: tt Enumerated Domain Value Definition: thick till Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: em Enumerated Domain Value Definition: end moraine Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: bk Enumerated Domain Value Definition: bedrock outcrops Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: sb Enumerated Domain Value Definition: areas of abundant outcrop or shallow bedrock Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Attribute: Attribute Label: MAP_UNIT Attribute Definition: map unit Attribute Definition Source: compiler Attribute Domain Values: Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: thin till Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Nonsorted, nonstratified matrix of sand, some silt, and little clay containing scattered pebble, cobble, and boulder clasts; large surface boulders are common; mapped where till is generally less than 10 to 15 ft thick including areas of shallow bedrock. Predominantly consists of upper till of the last glaciation; loose to moderately compact, generally sandy, commonly stony. Two facies are present in some places: a looser, coarser grained ablation facies, melted out from supraglacial position; and an underlying more compact, finer grained lodgement facies deposited subglacially. In general, both ablation and lodgement facies of upper till derived from fine-grained bedrock are finer grained, more compact, less stony and have fewer surface boulders than upper till derived from coarse-grained crystalline rocks. Across Massachusetts, fine-grained bedrock sources include the red Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Connecticut River lowland, marble in the western river valleys, and fine-grained schists in upland areas Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: thick till Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Nonsorted, nonstratified matrix of sand, some silt, and little clay containing scattered pebble, cobble, and boulders in the shallow subsurface; at greater depths consists of compact, nonsorted matrix of silt, very fine sand, and some clay containing scattered small gravel clasts. Mapped in areas where till is greater than 10 to15 ft thick, chiefly in drumlin landforms in which till thickness commonly exceeds 100 ft (maximum recorded thickness is 230 ft). Although upper till is the surface deposit, the lower till constitutes the bulk of the material in these areas. Lower till is moderately to very compact and is commonly finer grained and less stony than upper till. An oxidized zone, the lower part of a soil profile formed during a period of interglacial weathering, is generally present in the upper part of the lower till. This zone commonly shows closely spaced joints that are stained with iron and manganese oxides Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: end moraine deposits Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Composed predominantly of boulders and ablation-facies sandy upper till; lenses of stratified sand and gravel occur locally within the till. Surface boulders on end moraine deposits are generally more numerous than on adjacent till surfaces; dense concentrations of boulders are present in some places. Deposits occur as freestanding hummocky landforms, commonly in ridges. Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: bedrock outcrops Enumerated Domain Value Definition: extent of individual bedrock outcrops Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Enumerated Domain: Enumerated Domain Value: areas of abundant outcrop or shallow bedrock Enumerated Domain Value Definition: areas of shallow bedrock or areas where small outcrops are too numerous to map individually; in areas of shallow bedrock, surficial materials are less than 5 to 10 ft thick. These units are not mapped consistently among all quadrangles; see Appendix for level of bedrock outcrop mapping in each quadrangle. Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: compiler Distribution Information: Distributor: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact Address: Address Type: physical Address: 101 Pitkin St City: East Hartford State or Province: CT Postal Code: 06108 Country: USA Contact Voice Telephone: 860 291-6769 Distribution Liability: See access and use constraints information. Standard Order Process: Digital Form: Digital Transfer Information: Format Name: ESRI shapefile Digital Transfer Option: Online Option: Computer Contact Information: Network Address: Network Resource Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I Access Instructions: download from web site Fees: none Metadata Reference Information: Metadata Date: 20111128 Metadata Contact: Contact Information: Contact Person Primary: Contact Person: Mary DiGiacomo-Cohen Contact Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact Address: Address Type: mailing and physical address Address: 101 Pitkin St. City: East Hartford State or Province: CT Postal Code: 06108 Contact Voice Telephone: 860 291-6769 Contact Electronic Mail Address: mdicohen@usgs.gov Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata Standard Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998