KLEIN_BS1M.tif - 1 meter Klein 3000 sidescan-sonar backscatter GeoTIFF mosaic of the nearshore portion of the Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach Massachusetts survey area.

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
KLEIN_BS1M.tif - 1 meter Klein 3000 sidescan-sonar backscatter GeoTIFF mosaic of the nearshore portion of the Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach Massachusetts survey area.
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2007-1373
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/GIS/raster/backscatter/klein_bs1m.zip>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt
Originator: Brian D. Andrews
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin
Originator: Christopher J. Hein
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
High-Resolution Geological Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts.
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2007-1373
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/>
Description:
Abstract:
These data were collected under a cooperative agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Science Center. Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of sea-floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine reserves, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters (5-30m deep) of Massachusetts between the New Hampshire border and Cape Cod Bay.

Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports<http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/html/current_map.html>. This spatial dataset is from the Cape Ann and Salisbury Beach Massachusetts project area. They were collected in two separate surveys in 2004 and 2005 and cover approximately 325 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf. High resolution bathymetry and backscatter intensity were collected in 2004 and 2005. Seismic profile data, sediment samples and bottom photography were also collected in 2005.

Purpose:
The purpose of these data is to measure the relative backscatter reflectance from towed sidescan-sonar in the survey area for regional geologic interpretations from Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20050908
Ending_Date: 20050916
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.808447
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.654992
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.858106
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.664722
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHSC
Theme_Keyword: Seafloor
Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology
Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 05005
Theme_Keyword: Sidescan
Theme_Keyword: Sidescan-sonar
Theme_Keyword: Klein 3000
Theme_Keyword: R/V Connecticut
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF
Theme_Keyword: Backscatter
Theme_Keyword: Grayscale
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine
Place_Keyword: Bigelow Bight
Place_Keyword: Merrimack River
Place_Keyword: Ipswich Bay
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Cape Ann
Place_Keyword: Salisbury Beach
Place_Keyword: Plum Island
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Temporal_Keyword: 2005
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The intended scale of these data is 1:25,000. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/GIS/browse_jpg/klein_bs1m.jpg>
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: black and white thumbnail image of backscatter mosaic
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.6.1500
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt
Originator: Brian D. Andrews
Originator: Bradford Butman
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
High-Resolution Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Nahant to Gloucester, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2005-1293
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1293/>
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: Bradford Butman
Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: James M. Crocker
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Boston Harbor and Approaches, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2006-1008
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/>
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: William W. Danforth
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
Xsonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 97-686
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: V.F. Paskevich
Publication_Date: 1996
Title:
MAPIT: An improved method for mapping digital sidescan sonar data using the Woods Hole Image Processing System (WHIPS) Software
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 96-281
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Data_Quality_Information:
Completeness_Report:
Although both the 132 kHz and 445 kHz frequency data were collected, only the low frequency (132 kHz) data were processed and included in this mosaic. All lines surveyed were used in the final mosaic.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
These data were navigated using Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) signal from a RTK base station established by USGS for this survey. RTK-GPS provides horizontal position accuracies (x and y) on the decimeter scale (<http://www.noaa.gov>; <http://www.nos.noaa.gov>; <http://www.ngs.noaa.gov>). The x,y, and z position of the sidescan-sonar towfish was calculated from estimated depth and layback from the GPS receiver on the survey vessel. The accuracy of the actual position of the sidescan-sonar towfish is dependant on this estimated layback. The accuracy of the horizontal position of the towfish is estimated at 10m.

The positional accuracy of the final georeferenced Klein backscatter mosaic was adjusted by registering the Klein mosaic to the backscatter collected with the SEA SwathPlus bathymetric sonar. The SwathPlus backscatter has better positional accuracy because the GPS antenna was mounted directly over the sonar head to minimize xy offsets between the acquired RTK-GPS position and SwathPlus sonar transducers.

Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Contribution:
System Setup and Operation: In the nearshore area, acoustic backscatter data were collected using a Klein 3000 dual frequency sidescan sonar (132/445 kHz). The sonar fish was towed approximately 25 m astern of the R/V Connecticut and approximately 10 m off the bottom. Data were collected along tracklines spaced 100 apart at an average speed of 5 knots. Navigation for all sidescan data used RTK-GPS.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Backscatter data from the Klein 3000 were collected using SonarPro (ver. 9.0) acquisition software and recorded during the survey in eXtended Triton Format (xtf). The Klein 3000 operates at dual frequencies of 132 & 445 kHz. The lower frequency data were used in this mosaic. The sidescan-sonar was configured to collect data at 100m range on either side of the towfish for a total swath width of 200m. Each line file was processed for beam angle and slant range correction using LINUX based Xsonar/ShowImage (ver 1.0) as described in Danforth (1997).

The specific parameters used in Xsonar are listed below:

Demultiplexing Range and Filter Option: Swath Width= 200m Across Track/Along Track Filter= 4 x 3 pings Port and Starboard Normalize=4000 pings Input= 16 bit

Beam Patter Correction: Number of lines= 150 Ping Overlap=75 Max Beam Angle=90 Response Angle:55

Process_Date: 200509
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Xsonar Mosaic Process: Each survey line was mapped into a raw raster file (*.raw) in Xsonar at a resolution of 1m per pixel so that the odd and even line numbers were in two separate raster files. The 80-byte header for each raw raster file was removed and the images was converted to a raster (.ras) file with the command:

dd if=filename.ras of=filename.ras bs=80 skip=1

These resulting rasters (.ras) were converted to a TIFF using Adobe Photoshop (ver. 10).

Process_Date: 200509
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
PCI Mosaicking: A new PCI project (ver.10.1.3) and an associated pix (05005Master.pix) file was created to mosaic the tiff files together. Each tiff file was imported to the pix file using the OrthoEngine module.
Process_Date: 200509
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Ground control points (GCPs) for each line were identified from adjacent overlapping lines. Once GCPs were collected, each line was orthorectified to the master pix file that is referenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM) Zone 19 WGS84. The rectified line was then mosaicked into the master mosaic by digitized cutlines. All GCPs were saved to text files with RMS errors for each point.
Process_Date: 200509
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The horizontal position of the final 1m Klein backscatter mosaic was compared to a 2m backscatter mosaic from the SEA SwathPlus bathymetric sonar. Although the dynamic range of the Klein backscatter is better than the SwathPlus backscatter, the positional accuracy of the side-mount SwathPlus data is more accurate than the towed Klein data because the GPS receiver was mounted at the top of the side mount, directly above the SwathPlus sonar head. This reduces error in the x and y position of the data. A total of 10 Ground control points were collected between the SwathPlus and Klein mosaic using PCI OrthoEngine module (ver. 10.1.3). Final root mean square (RMS) error between Klein and SwathPlus mosaics is 9.10m in the x and 12.34m in the Y direction.
Process_Date: 200712
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 21235
Column_Count: 12126
Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: klein_bs1m.tif.vat
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Count
Attribute_Definition: Count of pixels
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VALUE
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COUNT
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Value
Attribute_Definition: Value of pixel
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 255
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: OID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The background data value (0) is set to "no data" so the data range is 1-255. Small differences in contrast stretch (DN values exist because of variations in sea and weather conditions on each survey day.

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: GeoTIFF
Format_Specification: GeoTIFF
Format_Information_Content:
WinZip file containing GeoTIFF of Klein 3000 backscatter imagery from the inshore portion of the Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach Massachusetts survey area.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 53 Mb
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/GIS/raster/backscatter/klein_bs1m.zip>
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: DVD-ROM
Recording_Capacity:
Recording_Density: 4.75
Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes
Recording_Format: UDF
Fees: None
Technical_Prerequisites:
These data in a tiled GeoTIFF format are distributed as a compressed WinZip file. The user must have software capable of uncompressing a WinZip (ver. 9.0) file and viewing a tiled GeoTIFF image file.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20090126
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

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