Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2008 Title: KLEIN_BS1M_GEOG.tif - 1 meter Klein 3000 sidescan-sonar backscatter GeoTIFF mosaic of the nearshore portion of the Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach Massachusetts survey area. Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2007-1373 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/GIS/raster/backscatter/klein_bs1m_geog.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Originator: Christopher J. Hein Publication_Date: 2008 Title: High-Resolution Geological Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts. Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2007-1373 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/ Description: Abstract: These data were collected under a cooperative agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Science Center. Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of sea-floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine reserves, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters (5-30m deep) of Massachusetts between the New Hampshire border and Cape Cod Bay. Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports. This spatial dataset is from the Cape Ann and Salisbury Beach Massachusetts project area. They were collected in two separate surveys in 2004 and 2005 and cover approximately 325 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf. High resolution bathymetry and backscatter intensity were collected in 2004 and 2005. Seismic profile data, sediment samples and bottom photography were also collected in 2005. Purpose: The purpose of these data is to measure the relative backscatter reflectance from towed side-scan sonar in the survey area for regional geologic interpretations from Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20050908 Ending_Date: 20050916 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.808447 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.654983 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.858116 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.664722 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHSC Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 05005 Theme_Keyword: Sidescan Theme_Keyword: Sidescan-sonar Theme_Keyword: Klein 3000 Theme_Keyword: R/V Connecticut Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Theme_Keyword: Grayscale Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine Place_Keyword: Bigelow Bight Place_Keyword: Merrimack River Place_Keyword: Ipswich Bay Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Cape Ann Place_Keyword: Salisbury Beach Place_Keyword: Plum Island Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Temporal_Keyword: 2005 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The intended scale of these data is 1:25,000. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.6.1500 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Bradford Butman Publication_Date: 2006 Title: High-Resolution Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Nahant to Gloucester, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1293 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1293/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: Bradford Butman Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: James M. Crocker Publication_Date: 2006 Title: High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Boston Harbor and Approaches, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1008 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: William W. Danforth Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Xsonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display. Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-686 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: V.F. Paskevich Publication_Date: 1996 Title: MAPIT: An improved method for mapping digital sidescan sonar data using the Woods Hole Image Processing System (WHIPS) Software Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-281 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Small differences in contrast stretch (DN values) exist because of variations in sea and weather conditions on each survey day. Completeness_Report: Although both the 132 kHz and 445 kHz frequency data were collected, only the low frequency (132 kHz) data were processed and included in this mosaic. All lines surveyed were used in the final mosaic. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were navigated using Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) signal from a RTK base station established by USGS for this survey. RTK-GPS provides horizontal position accuracies (x and y) on the decimeter scale (http://www.noaa.gov; http://www.nos.noaa.gov; http://www.ngs.noaa.gov). The x,y, and z position of the sidescan-sonar towfish was calculated from estimated depth and layback from the GPS receiver on the survey vessel. The accuracy of the actual position of the sidescan-sonar towfish is dependant on this estimated layback. The accuracy of the horizontal position of the towfish is estimated at 10m. The positional accuracy of the final georeferenced Klein backscatter mosaic was adjusted by registering the Klein mosaic to the backscatter collected with the SEA SwathPlus bathymetric sonar. The SwathPlus backscatter has better positional accuracy because the GPS antenna was mounted directly over the sonar head to minimize xy offsets between the acquired RTK-GPS position and SwathPlus sonar transducers. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Contribution: System Setup and Operation: In the nearshore area, acoustic backscatter data were collected using a Klein 3000 dual frequency sidescan sonar (132/445 kHz). The sonar fish was towed approximately 25 m astern of the R/V Connecticut and approximately 10 m off the bottom. Data were collected along tracklines spaced 100 apart at an average speed of 5 knots. Navigation for all sidescan data used RTK-GPS. Process_Step: Process_Description: Backscatter data from the Klein 3000 were collected using SonarPro (ver. 9.0) acquisition software and recorded during the survey in eXtended Triton Format (xtf). The Klein 3000 operates at dual frequencies of 132 & 445 kHz. The lower frequency data were used in this mosaic. The sidescan-sonar was configured to collect data at 100m range on either side of the towfish for a total swath width of 200m. Each line file was processed for beam angle and slant range correction using LINUX based Xsonar/ShowImage (ver 1.0) as described in Danforth (1997). The specific parameters used in Xsonar are listed below: Demultiplexing Range and Filter Option: Swath Width= 200m Across Track/Along Track Filter= 4 x 3 pings Port and Starboard Normalize=4000 pings Input= 16 bit Beam Patter Correction: Number of lines= 150 Ping Overlap=75 Max Beam Angle=90 Response Angle:55 Process_Date: 200509 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Xsonar Mosaic Process: Each survey line was mapped into a raw raster file (*.raw) in Xsonar at a resolution of 1m per pixel so that the odd and even line numbers were in two separate raster files. The 80-byte header for each raw raster file was removed and the images was converted to a raster (.ras) file with the command: dd if=filename.ras of=filename.ras bs=80 skip=1 These resulting rasters (.ras) were converted to a TIFF using Adobe Photoshop (ver. 10). Process_Date: 200509 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: PCI Mosaicking: A new PCI project (ver.10.1.3) and an associated pix (05005Master.pix) file was created to mosaic the tiff files together. Each tiff file was imported to the pix file using the OrthoEngine module. Process_Date: 200509 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Ground control points (GCPs) for each line were identified from adjacent overlapping lines. Once GCPs were collected, each line was orthorectified to the master pix file that is referenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM) Zone 19 WGS84. The rectified line was then mosaicked into the master mosaic by digitized cutlines. All GCPs were saved to text files with RMS errors for each point. Process_Date: 200509 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The horizontal position of the final 1m Klein backscatter mosaic was compared to a 2m backscatter mosaic from the SEA SwathPlus bathymetric sonar. Although the dynamic range of the Klein backscatter is better than the SwathPlus backscatter, the positional accuracy of the side-mount SwathPlus data is more accurate than the towed Klein data because the GPS receiver was mounted at the top of the side mount, directly above the SwathPlus sonar head. This reduces error in the x and y position of the data. A total of 10 Ground control points were collected between the SwathPlus and Klein mosaic using PCI OrthoEngine module (ver. 10.1.3). Final root mean square (RMS) error between Klein and SwathPlus mosaics is 9.10m in the x and 12.34m in the Y direction. Process_Date: 200712 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Reprojected "klein_bs1m.tif" from original Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 19, WGS84 projection, to "klein_bs1m_geog.tif" in the Geographic coordinate system WGS84. Used the "Project Raster" in ArcCatalog Projections and Transformations toolbox (ArcGIS 9.2). The Bilinear resampling algorithm was used with an output cell size of 0.000009 degrees. Process_Date: 200510 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 21514 Column_Count: 17072 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000089892031 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000089892031 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000009 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000009 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: klein_bs1m_geog.tif.vat Attribute: Attribute_Label: OID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: VALUE Attribute_Definition: Digital Number (DN) value Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: COUNT Attribute_Definition: number of pixels Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The background data value (0) is set to "no data" so the data range is 1-255. Small differences in contrast stretch (DN values exist because of variations in sea and weather conditions on each survey day. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: GeoTIFF Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: WinZip file containing GeoTIFF of Klein 3000 backscatter imagery from the inshore portion of the Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach Massachusetts survey area. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 66.6 Mb Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/GIS/raster/backscatter/klein_bs1m_geog.zip Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data in a tiled GeoTIFF format are distributed as a compressed WinZip file. The user must have software capable of uncompressing a WinZip (ver. 9.0) file and viewing a tiled GeoTIFF image file. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20090108 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile